This study aimed to optimize the ultrasonic extraction of gardenia oils from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.by response surface analysis methodology (RSM).The duration of extraction,ratio of liquid to materials and extracting times were selected as impact factors based on single-factor experiment.RSM was adopted to learn the effects of the three factors on the extraction rate of Gardenia oil from Gardeniajasminoides Ellis.As a result,it was found that the duration of extraction was 28.7 min,while the ratio of liquid to materials was 11.62:1,and the number of extracting times were 3.36.Under this extracting condition,the average extraction rate of the oil was 13.5％ according to three validation experiments,fitting the predicted value well.In conclusion,it was demonstrated that the ultrasonic extraction method effectively improved the extraction rate of gardenia oil,providing a certain basis for the development and utilization of gardenia oil.

Objective To study the absorption features of isoimperatorin in intestine of rat.Methods Establish a single-pass intestinal perfusion model of rat,take phenolsulfonphthalein as a marker for the detection of isoimperatorin concentration from crude extracts of notopterygium,and observe the absorption features of isoimperatorin and its reference substance in intestine of rat.Results The content of isoimperatorin in crude extracts was (0.43±0.02)% (n=5).The absorption parameters of duodenum,jejunum,ileum,colon were (5.28±0.82),(4.47±0.56),(4.17±0.94),(4.32±0.68)×10-5 cm·s-1,respectively.There were no significant differences among them (P>0.05).Compared with the reference substance of isoimperatorin,crude extracts showed better absorption features.Conclusion Isoimperatorin from crude extracts have better characteristics of absorption.This study can provide theoretical basis for design of notopterygium oral formulation.

Objective To study the effect of Eclipta alba on learning and memory ability and brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats.Methods Healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,low dosage group and high dosage group.There were 10 rats in each group.The model of Alzheimer's disease was established with subcutaneous injection of D-galactose and microinjection Aβ25-35 on bilateral hippocampus.All rats were treated with saline solution or different dosage of Eclipta alba respectively lasting 8 weeks.Then the ability of learning and memory of AD rats was evaluated by the Morris water maze test.The levels of expression of BDNF in brain were determined by immunohistochemical staining method and Western Blot method.Results The Morris water maze test:the average escape latent period prolonged besides the percentage of the swimming time in the target quadrant from the total swimming time and the times across the platform((34.14± 1.43) s,(33.71±3.82) ％,(3.40±0.70) times) decreased significantly in model group compared with control group((18.83±0.62) s,(41.98±3.96) ％,(5.40± 1.17) times,P＜0.01).The average escape latent period shortened besides the percentage of the swimming time in the target quadrant from the total swimming time and the times across the platform increased significantly in high dosage group compared with the model group (P＜0.01).Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot:the level of expression of BDNF in brain in model group was prominently less than control group (P＜ 0.01).The BDNF level in drug treated groups was prominently higher than model group(P＜0.01).The expression of BDNF increased with the drug dosage increasing.Conclusion Eclipta alba can improve the learning and memory function of AD rats by enhance the expression of BDNF.

Objective To explore the clinical diagnosis and management of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) of the liver. Methods Forty-two FNH cases treated in the past 9 years were studied retrospectively. The clinical and pathologic data were reviewed. Results Preoperative liver function test and AFP were normal. The preoperative radiography in FNH was usually not specific, with less than 50% cases were suggestive of FNH of the liver. Surgical resection resulted in a permanent cure with no significant postoperative complications. More than one year follow-up found recurrence in one case. Conclusion Clinical, laboratory and radiological findings when combined could help in establishing tentative diagnosis of FNH. Surgery is recommended in cases with equivocal diagnosis or in fear of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the effect of depression symptoms on surgical outcome of posterior decompression among cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) patients. Methods Between October 2006 and October 2011 in our hospital, lami?nectomy or laminoplasty was performed in 396 cases that were enrolled in the study. There were 132 males and 264 females with an average age of 60.2 years(ranged,39-84 years). All patients were divided into depression group and non?depressed group by the 21?item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). There were no statistically significant differences between groups in age, sex, smok?ing status, duration of symptoms, and employment status (whether in the current working). The Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores, Neck disability index (NDI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were compared after 1.5 months postoperatively. Re?sults All of 396 cases were followed up. The mean follow up duration was 32 months (range,24-50 months). There were no statistically significant differences in the CCI decline (7.1%±2.1% versus 6.8%±1.5%), expansion degree[(130.9±7.0) mm2 versus (150.8 ± 5.2) mm2] and the drift?back distance of the spinal cord [(5.7 ± 1.2) mm versus (6.2 ± 0.8) mm]. However, pa?tients with continuous depression showed poorer improvement than non?depressed patients in the surgery outcome: JOA im?proved (1.42±0.56 versus 6.76±3.12); NDI declined (7.31±2.18 versus 21.11±11.36); and VAS lightened (16.08±19.76 versus 23.85±20.79). Conclusion Depression contributed a dissatisfied surgery outcome after posterior decompression on functional re?covery, disability index and pain scores among patients of the cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the effects of low protein diet combined with α-keto acid on calcium and phosphorus metabolism and nutritional status in patients undergoing hemodialysis.Method:Randomized controlled Trials were searched in Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases from the establishment of respective database until July 2021, and meta-analysis is conducted using RevMan 5.4.Results:A total of 8 studies including 556 patients were selected. Meta-analysis showed that after receiving low protein diet combined with α-keto acid, patients demonstrated significantly reduced blood phosphorus [MD = -0.17, 95% CI (-0.25, -0.7), P < 0.01], calcium- phosphorus product [MD = -6.17, 95% CI (-6.67, -5.58), P < 0.01] and parathyroid hormone levels [MD = -35.36, 95% CI (-40.89, -29.83), P < 0.01]. There was no significant difference in serum calcium [MD = 0.03, 95% CI (-0.00, 0.07), P = 0.08] and serum albumin [MD = 0.41, 95% CI (-0.12, 0.95), P = 0.13]. Conclusion:Low protein diet combined with α-keto acid can reduce the levels of serum phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus product and parathyroid hormone in hemodialysis patients while the effects on serum calcium and serum albumin are undetermined and need further verification.

Objective To investigate the clinical and histopathological features of cervical basal squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC). Methods A retrospective analysis of 10 cases of cervical BSCC was carried out. The clinical data and all the pathological sections were reviewed, the related immunohistochemical results were statistically analyzed, the clinicopathological features were analyzed, and then followed the prognosis. Results (1) Clinical features:the median onset age of BSCC in cervix was 51 years old (ranged 35-69 years old), 5 of them were postmenopausal women. Vaginal bleeding was often seen in clinic (7 cases). Of the 10 cervical BSCC patients, 5 tested HPV types. All of them were HPV positive, including 2 cases of HPV 16 positive and 1 case of high-risk HPV positive. At the time of colposcopy, 3 cases showed exogenous nodular mass, 3 cases showed endogenous infiltrating mass, and 4 cases had unclear type of mass.(2)Treatment:of the 10 patients, 8 underwent hysterectomy+bilateral adnexal excision+pelvic lymphadenectomy, of which 6 underwent radiotherapy or chemotherapy after operation. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy were performed only in 2 cases. (3) Pathological features: histologically, the tumor cells were nests and stripe like growth, which were composed of basal like tumor cells. The cells had obvious heteromorphosis, less cytoplasm, deep dyed nuclei and common nuclear mitosis, and there were often palisade like structures around the cell nests, and some cells in the center of the cell nests were found to have acne like necrosis. It could be mixed with normal squamous cell carcinoma and squamous epithelial lesion. Among the 10 patients, 6 had immunohistochemical results. BSCC mainly expressed p16 and squamous cell markers such as p63, cytokeratin (CK) 5/6 and p40 protein, the positive expression rates were 3/3, 3/3, 2/2 and 3/3, respectively.A few expressed CK7 protein, and the positive expression rate was 1/3. (4) Prognosis:follow-up time ranged from 1 week to 64 months, and 2 cases were lost to follow-up. Among the 8 follow-up patients, 3 had iliac bone, lung or skin metastasis, and 5 had no recurrence or metastasis during the follow-up period. Conclusions BSCC of cervix is a rare malignant tumor of cervix associated with high-risk HPV infection, p16 is more positive. The treatment is similar to that of normal cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Surgical resection and radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the most effective methods according to the clinical stage . At present, the disease is considered to be highly aggressive and the poor prognosis.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the formation thermodynamics of baicalein(BE)-nicotinamide(NCT)cocrystals in three solvents including ethyl acetate, acetone and trichloromethane. The solubilities of BE, NCT and BE-NCT in the above solvents at 25 °C were measured. Ternary phase diagrams(TPDs)of the BE-NCT-solvent systems were established. The non-linear fitting equation according to 1 ∶1 complexation mechanism of BE-NCT cocrystals demonstrated a good correlation between calculated and experiment data. ΔG0< 0 suggested that BE-NCT cocrystal formation was a spontaneous process. Among the organic solvents studied, the absolute value of ΔG0 in trichloromethane was significantly lower than that in the other two solvents. In addition, the cocrystallization zone in trichloromethane was far away from stoichiometric line. This study provides a theoretical foundation for solvent selection and preparation-condition optimization of BE-NCT cocrystals.

OBJECTIVE The N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)receptor has been shown to be strongly associ-ated with rapid antidepressant effects.GW043 is a com-pound with a novel structure that we designed and syn-thesized to act on the NMDA receptor(NMDAR).METH-ODS In this study,we first confirmed the target of GW043 using a receptor binding assay.We observed the effect of GW043 on NMDAR currents in vivo and in vitro assays using a membrane clamp technique with a view to characterizing the function of GW043.We investi-gated the antidepressant effect of GW043 in rodent behavioral models such as FST,TST and CUMS.Fur-thermore,we explored the mechanism of GW043 onset using Western blotting,BrdU staining,Golgi staining and electrophysiological techniques.RESULTS GW043 interacts with high affinity only at the NMDAR.Electro-physiological studies have indicated that GW043 is a par-tial agonist of NMDAR.Meanwhile,behavioral experi-ments were conducted to confirm the antidepressant effect of GW043 in rodents.The mechanism study found that GW043 regulate synaptic plasticity through LTP and BDNF/mTOR pathways and increase the number of new-born neurons to cause antidepressant effects.GW043,a partial agonist of NMDAR,reversed depression-like behav-ior in rats by modulating synaptic plasticity,suggesting an antidepressant effect.CONCLUSION The results suggest that GW043 is a partial agonist of NMDA recep-tors and has significant antidepressant effects.