Parkinson's disease is characterized by degeneration and dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons in the mid-brain substantia nigra, neurons that project to the caudate putamen. The clinical symptoms are caused by the loss of dopamine and the consequent dysfunction of the nigrostriatal pathway. Neurotrophic factors that may prevent nigrostriatal degeneration by improving the function of remaining dopaminergic neurons has the potential to be a useful therapy for Parkinson's disease. Neurotrophic factors and their specific receptors could play an important role in the progress of Parkinson's disease. The neuroprotective effects of neurotrophic factors GDNF, BDNF, IL-6 on dopaminergic neurons in vivo and in vitro , and the potential therapeutic use in treating Parkinson's disease were discussed in this paper.

Objective To investigate the basic perceptions, attitudes and needs towards delirium among ICU professionals in Shandong province, so that to help the ICU supervisors design target training for ICU professionals. Methods A survey was employed utilizing a self-designed questionnaire among 917 ICU professionals(doctors and nurses) from 62 hospitals in Shandong province. Results The score of ICU professionals′ basic perception and behavioral attitude concerning ICU delirium were (24.56 ± 6.36) and (19.00 ± 3.01) points respectively. The score had significant positive correlation and indicates statistic significance (r=0.53, P<0.01). Academic, work experience and title had influence on the score of basic perception (F=14.49, 26.25, 40.16, P<0.05), work experience, category of ICU, title and category of hospital were the effect on the score of behavior and attitude (F=11.87, 8.64, 6.55, P<0.05;t=4.81, P<0.05). The lower rate of correct responding to knowledge of ICU delirium were as follows:the correct rate of delirium in ICU of typing to 56.92%(522/917); the clinical manifestations of ICU delirium accuracy 65.32%(599/917); andrisk factors for delirium in ICU of the correct rate for 70.34%(645/917).ICU professionals acquire knowledge pertaining delirium mainly through lectures, conferences, knowledge brochure , exchange of experience. Conclusions The ICU professionals in Shandong province have less knowledge on ICU delirjum.ICU management should recognize the importance of ICU delirium to strengthen the training of relevant knowledge, enhance delirium management, ensure the patient's safety and improve the prognosis of patients.

OBJECTIVE: To study the pathological changes of genioglossus with transmission electron microscope (TEM) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) dominated by lingual region obstruction, and to explore the role of tongue organizations in the pathogenesis and its clinical significance. METHOD: Thirty-eight cases of genioglossus were collected from the patients received UPPP and partial glossectomy (3060 severe group 15 cases), 6 adult patients without oropharyneal and hypopharyneal obstructive disease received tongue tumor resection or trauma debridement surgery were collected as control group. The features of morphological changes in genioglossus were observed by TEM. RESULT: Under the TEM, in the control group,the muscle fibers of the genioglossus organization arranges regular, mitochondrial shape between muscle was regular; The below 3 kinds of variations existed simultaneously in all genioglossus specimens of all the OSAHS patients. In the mild group, myofibrillar atrophied, arranged sloppily, the gap was increased, localized filaments were edema, connective tissue between muscle bundles was proliferated, mitochondria were swelling, some were spherical, crests were still clear; In the moderate group, myofibrillar obviously atrophied with different diametric sizes and disorderliness, the Z lines were shortened or distorted, part of the myofibrillar ruptured, dissolved or disappeared, the connective tissues between muscle bundles were obviously proliferated, mitochondria were swellen, vacuolar degeneration, crests were vague, shorten and irregulatio; In the severe group, a large number of myofibrillar were fractured, dissolved, disorganized, integrated condensate lumpy, spotty or flake arranged, Z-lines were distorted or disappeared. Mitochondria were sizes, showed vacuolar degeneration, crests were disappeared, some changes were flocculent, mitochondria accumulation phenomenon was visible in some samples. Moreover, with the AHI increased, the occurence ratio of mild changes was decreased while severe changes occurence ratio increased. CONCLUSION The changes of genioglossus and mitochondrial in OSAHS patients is a continuous, progressive process, moverover, with the aggravation of OSAHS, genioglossus histopathological changes had gradually worsening tendency.
Adult ; Glossectomy ; Humans ; Mitochondria ; Muscle, Skeletal ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; complications ; Tongue ; pathology

Objective To study the effect of calcitonin on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in femoral fracture healing in ovariectomized rats .Methods 80 female rats of 3 months old were randomly divided into four groups :Sham operation group(Sham ,10 cases);Ovariectomized operation group(OVX ,10 cases);Ovariectomy+ fracture+ salinegroup(Control ,30 cases) and Ovariectomy+ fracture +calcitonin group(Experimental ,30 cases) .Rats in Sham group and OVX group were performed ovari-otomy and killed after 4 weeks ,femoral bone mineral density was measured .For rats in Control group and Experimental group ,right middle femoral facture was performed 4 weeks later after ovariectomy .Calcitonin(16 IU/kg)were injected subcutaneously once per 2 days in Experimental group ,while those in Control group were given equal volume of normal saline .Rods in these two groups were killed after 3 ,6 ,9 weeks(10 at a time) ,femoral bone mineral density(BMD)was measured;hematoxylin-eosin staining and im-munohisto-chemical staining were performed at the 3th ,6th and 9th week after fracture ,respectively .Results Compared with Sham group ,rats weight in OVX group gained more(P< 0 .05) ,and BMD in OVX group significantly decreased more(P< 0 .05) .HE staining ,at the 3th week after fracture ,endochondral ossification domained in fracture healing ,and no significant difference existed (P>0 .05)in BMD .At the 6th week after fracture ,bone trabecula in both groups arranged in order ,compared with the control group ,BMD in experimental group increased significantly(P<0 .05) .At the 9th week after fracture ,bone trabecula in both groups arranged closely ,BMD in both groups showed significant difference(P<0 .05) .There was no significant difference of vascular endo-thelial growth factor(VEGF)between experimental group and control group at the 3th ,6th ,9th week after fracture(P>0 .05) .Con-clusion The results suggest that calcitonin treatment could enhance the bone mineral density significantly after fracture ,but it has no impact on the expression of VEGF in osteoporotic fracture healing .

Objective To determine the relationship between dietary fiber intake and risk of prostate cancer.Methods Electronic databases including PubMed,EMBase,Cochrane library,China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI),Wanfang and CBMwere searched to find eligible studies.Random-effects relative risk (RR)and its corresponding 95%CI were used.Besides,random-effects dose-response analyses were also performed to clarify the dose-response relations.Results Ten studies,including five cohort studies and five case-control studies,were eligible and included in this Meta-analysis.The pooled RR of prostate cancer for the highest compared with the lowest dietary fiber intake was 0.87 (95%CI:0.77-0.99,Z =2.10,P =0.035). In addition,pooled estimated data showed that risk of prostate cancer was significantly associated with soluble fiber (RR =0.78,95%CI:0.64-0.95,Z =2.45,P =0.014)and insoluble fiber (RR =0.65,95%CI:0.45-0.88,Z =2.79,P =0.005),but not with fruit,vegetable and cereal fiber intake.However,in dose-response analysis,no significant association was reported (RR =0.996,95%CI:0.989-1.002).Sensitivity analysis showed that the overall results were relatively stable,and omission of any single study had little effect on the combined results.Conclusion Dietary fiber intake is negative related to the risk of prostate cancer. Intake of dietary fiber is recommended to prevent prostate cancer.Considering the limitations of the included studies,more well-designed prospective studies will be needed to confirm our findings.

Objective To investigate the value of echocardiography in the diagnosis of interrupted aortic arch (IAA). Methods Forty-three children that diagnosed as IAA by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) were reviewed. The results of CTA (CT Angiography) and operation also were compared. Results Among the 43 children, 41 was admitted as IAA by operation and 2 were diagnosed as coarctation of aorta. According to the type of IAA, 25 cases were diagnosed as type A, 13 cases were diagnosed as type B, 3 cases were diagnosed as type C. Thirty-ifve cases were diagnosed by TTE correctly, 3 cases were misdiagnosed by TTE, 4 cases were suspected as IAA by TTE and ifnally conifrmed by operation. The accuracy rate was 81%(35/43). Among the 35 deifnite diagnosed cases, corrected typing cases were 30, the accuracy rate was 86%(30/35). The accuracy rate of type A, B, C were 96%(23/24), 64%(7/11) and 0. According to the results of CTA, 40 cases were diagnosed correctly, 1 case was misdiagnosed. The accuracy rate was 98%(40/41). Among the deifnite diagnosed cases, corrected typing rate was the same with operation result. Conclusions TTE is the ifrst choice for the detection of IAA. During TTE, in case the indistinct display of aortic arch, CTA should be used to improve the accuracy rate of IAA.

Objective To study the effect of different grades of gastric mucosa epithelial neoplasia tissues of Helicobacter pylori (Hp ) infection and the relationship between chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 expression and significance. Methods Based on a total of 138 cases of endoscopic specimens, there were normal gastric mucosa (NGM) in 32 cases, low grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIEN) in 35 cases, high grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIEN) in 36 cases, and gastric adenocarcinoma (GCA) in 35 cases. Hp infection was determined by 13C breath test and serum Hp antibodies,the double positive for Hp infection. CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 were detected by immunohistochemical method. Results The positive rates of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in LGIEN,HGIEN and GCA were higher than those in NGM:71.43%(25/35), 86.11%(31/36), 91.43%(32/35) vs. 25.00%(8/32);71.43%(25/35), 86.11%(31/36), 91.43%(32/35)vs. 28.12%(9/32), P<0.05;the positive rates of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in HGIEN and GCA were higher than those in LGIEN (P<0.05);the positive rates of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in HGIEN and GCA had no significant difference (P>0.05). The positive expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 had no correlation with Hp infection (P>0.05). Conclusions The positive rates of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in LGIEN,HGIEN and GCA are higher than those in NGM.The positive rates of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in HGIEN and GCA are higher than those in LGIEN. The positive rates of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in HGIEN and GCA are similar. The positive expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 have no correlation with Hp infection, it suggests that Hp infection may not play oncogenic role by CXCL12 and CXCR4 receptor expression.

Objective To investigate the level of psychological capital of nursing administrative personnel and analyze its influencing factors.Methods A total of 302 nursing administrative personnel of Anhui Province were investigated with Chinese Version of Nurses Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24) and a self-designed question-naire about demographic information.Results The overall score of psychological capital was (106.23±10.67) points,and the dimension scores from high to low were selfefficacy (26.79±3.40) points,resilience (26.60±3.25) points,hope(26.56±3.55) points,and optimism(26.27±3.34) points.Multiple regression analysis showed that health?level and positions entered the regression equation,t=2.904,1.838,P＜0.05.Conclusions The overall nursing administrative personnel psychological capital is in the middle level,health level and positions were influencing factors of nurses psychological capital.It is suggested that the psychological capital should be introduced into nursing administrative field and take diversified measured to improve their psychological capital.

Objective To investigate the restricting factors of long-term care of stroke survivors in community.Methods The phenomenological methodology was adopted in the study.Sixteen stroke survivors were interviewed.Data were analyzed by Colaizzi's method.Results Three themes were found,including physical barriers,incorrect attitude towards disease,and defects of community health service.Conclusions On the basis of improving technology and ability,medical workers in community should consider of supporting the patients with information of disease and useful resources in a variety of ways,and improving the patients health literacy.