Breast cancer survivors often suffer from a variety of complications post operation, such as upper limb dysfunction, limb lymphedema, brachial plexus nerve injury, and so on. This article reviewed the pathogenesis and rehabilitation of these complications.

With the change of medical mode and deepening of the medical education reforms,such educational idea as giving prominence to practice is widely used to improve students' comprehensive quality and innovative ability and practice ability. The medical shool of Tibet university has established long-term apprentice mechanism during the before class and playtimes and found four county hospitals, five health clinics in towns and townships and gradually improved the construction of mutual win-win 9clinical teaching bases. In this way it has been cultivating many advanced medical personnels, who are reliable, available, able to stay, and highly praised by the employers.

Objective To analyze the genotypes of clinical varicella-zoster virus(VZV) isolates in Tibet.Methods The samples of vesicular fluid from patients with chickenpox or zoster were collected to isolate VZV in human embryonic fibroblast cells.Furtherly,the isolated VZV were identified by indirect immunofluorescence assay and the positive ones were continuely cultured in vitro to get their genome DNAs.Then,PCR and nucleotide sequencing were performed on the part of open reading frames 1,21,50,54.To confirm the genotypes of isolated virus strains,the gene sequences obtained from PCR products were compared with that in GenBank of VZV Dumas strains,and their restriction enzyme sites were analyzed via Primer 5.0.Results Ten clinical isolates of VZV were obtained from sixteen specimens,the positive isolation rate was 62.5％.Gene analysis showed that among all the ten clinical isolates of VZV in Tibet,three strains are genotype A1,four are genotype A2 and the other three are genotype J1.Conclusion The VZV genotype distribution in Tibet was tightly related to their special geographic locations.

Objective To investigate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on aphasia recovery after stroke. Meth-ods From April, 2012 to January, 2013, 20 aphasic patients after stroke were enrolled in an A-B experiment design. During phase A, ten times of sham tDCS and language training (five days a week) were implemented, then ten times language training combined with tDCS (five days a week) were implemented in phase B. The treatment lasted for four weeks. Picture naming was measured for all patients before and af-ter treatment both in phase A and phase B. Results The D-value scores of picture naming before and after treatment were significantly more in phase B than in phase A in both treatment items and non-treatment items (t>3.030, P<0.05). Conclusion tDCS could raise the accuracy of picture naming in patients with aphasia after stroke.

OBJECTIVE:To study the anti-tussive and anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous extract of Pegaeophyti Radix Et Rhizoma(P. Radix Et Rhizoma). METHODS:In the experiment,there were a model group,a positive control group [30 mg/kg co-deine for mice,18.38 mg/kg codeine for guinea pigs,20 mg/kg indometacin for mice and 15 mg/kg indometacin for rats] and P. Ra-dix Et Rhizoma low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups [2.0,4.0 and 8.0 g(medicinal materials)/kg for mice;1.2,2.4 and 4.8 g (medicinal materials)/kg for guinea pigs;1.4,2.8 and 5.6 g (medicinal materials)/kg for rats],with 10 animals in each group. The above-mentioned animals were given corresponding drug ig for 4 consecutive days,and then strong ammonia spraying method and sulfur dioxide stimulation method were employed to induce cough in mice and citric acid spraying method to induce cough in guinea pigs to observe the incubation period and times of cough,auricular swelling method to observe xylene-induced au-ricular swelling in mice and pedal swelling method to observe carrageenin-induced pedal swelling in rats. RESULTS:Compared to the model group,Aqueous extract of P. Radix Et Rhizoma could prolong the incubation period and reduce times of cough induced by strong ammonia spraying and sulfur dioxide stimulation in mice of positive control group and P. Radix Et Rhizoma medium-dose and high-dose groups;it could prolong the incubation period of and reduce times of cough induced by citric acid spraying in guinea pigs of positive control group and P. Radix Et Rhizoma medium-dose and high-dose groups;it could alleviate xylene-induced auricu-lar swelling in mice of positive control group and P. Radix Et Rhizoma medium-dose and high-dose groups;it could alleviate carra-geenin-induced pedal swelling in rats of positive control group and P. Radix Et Rhizoma medium-dose and high-dose groups. There were statistically significances (P<0.01 or P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Aqueous extract of P. Radix Et Rhizoma has anti-tussive and anti-inflammatory effects on the experimental animals.

Objectives To assess the relationship between amniotic fluid erythropoietin(EPO)and neona-tal adverse outcome in fetal growth restriction(FGR)pregnancy labored during 28-36 gestational weeks.To explore the clinical application in timing of delivery. Methods The retrospective research had recruited 87 patients with single pregnancy complicated FGR,of which the gestational weeks range from 28 weeks to 36 weeks. All subjects were collected from amniotic fluid at cesarean section or within a week of cesarean section. Amniotic fluid EPO were detected according to the classical definition. We categorized EPO < 27 IU/L as an normal state,whereasE-PO≥27 IU/L as an abnormal state.The relationship between amniotic fluid EPO with biophysical profile,the flow velocity waveform/blood gas parameters of the umbilical artery,and the neonatal adverse outcome were observed. Results For FGR pregnant women who chose 28-36 weeks for delivery,the incidence of neonatal adverse out-comes was significantly higher in the amniotic fluid EPO increased group than that in normal concentration group (χ2= 9.49,P = 0.002). Pearson analysis showed that amniotic fluid EPO concentration was negatively correlated with umbilical artery pH(P<0.001,r=-0.908)and base excess(P<0.001,r=-0.624).However,it was pos-itively correlated with PCO2(P<0.001,r=0.631),whereas there was no significant correlation between amniotic fluid EPO concentration and PO2(P=0.068,r=-0.197).In addition,neither biophysical profile nor flow velocity waveform has difference in amniotic fluid EPO concentration. Conclusions The abnormal increased amniotic fluid EPO in FGR pregnant women who delivered before 36 gestational weeks were closely related to the adverse out-come of the newborn.The amniotic fluid EPO is expected to be an additional indicator of fetal hypoxia,which can help determine the time of birth.

Objective To establish the method for detecting human Rhinovirus (HRV) subtypes A,B,and C by reverse real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and to assay HRV nasopharyngeal samples of children with acute respiratory tract infections.Methods The specific primers and Taqman probes of targeted HRV gene were designed,RNA standards were prepared to establish a standard curve,the sensitivity,specificity and reproducibility has been tested,222 clinical respiratory specimens were retrospectively detected.Results The linear ranges of human Rhinovirus A,B,and C subtypes were 109-10copies/μl,109-10 copies/μl,109-103copies/μl respectively,correlation coefficients were 0.999,0.997,0.999.Variation within the group was less than 3％.The detection rate was 27.02％ by RT-PCR,the sensitivity and specificity were 100％ and 98.18％.Conclusion The RT-PCR method can simultaneously detect rhinovirus subtypes A,B,and C with good sensitivity,specificity and reproducibility.

Objective:To explore the pathogenic spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of respiratory viruses in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection in Changsha, and provide scientific basis for disease prevention and treatment.Methods:A total of 1 092 respiratory tract specimens of children were collected and 12 respiratory viruses were detected by real-time quantitative transcription polymerase chain reaction.Results:Among the samples from 1 092 cases, those from 437 cases (40%) were positive for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), 337 cases (30.9%) were positive for parainfluenza virus-3 (PIV-3), 263 cases (24.1%) were positive for human bocavirus (HBOV) and 228 cases (20.8%) were positive for adenovirus (ADV). The detection rates of boys and girls were 82.26% and 83.42%. The infection rate of RSV was higher in the group ≤ 6 months of age, the infection rates of PIV-3 and HBOV ≤2 years old were higher, and the infection rate of ADV was higher in the group between 6 months to 5 years old. The detection rates of virus infection of spring, summer, autumn and winter were 90.48%, 83.50%, 62.26% and 82.80%, respectively, there were significant differences among them.Conclusions:The main viruses in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection in Changsha were RSV and PIV-3. Mixed infections were common. Children under 2 years of age were more likely to get acute lower respiratory infections. Viruses had seasonal trends and peaked in winter and spring.

OBJECTIVETo provide genetic analysis for a family affected with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) with a recurrent de novo mutation.

METHODSMultiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was used to detect potential deletion and duplication of the DMD gene, and the DNA products were sequenced on a Genetic Analyzer 3130 sequencer. Haplotype analysis was performed using four short tandem repeat polymorphism loci (44C/A, 45C/A, 49C/A and 63C/A) of the DMD gene for the family.

RESULTSA same deletional mutation (Del 48-50) of the DMD gene was detected in the proband and fetus, but not in their mother. The proband and fetus have inherited the same haplotype of the DMD gene from their mother. The fetus was predicted to be affected by the disease.

CONCLUSIONAbove findings suggested that the mother was very likely to have a germline mosaicism for the DMD gene mutation. For the de novo DMD mutation, although genetic analysis of peripheral blood DNA has indicated that the proband's mother was not a carrier, germline mosaicism could still not be ruled out, and prenatal gene diagnosis should be provided for subsequent pregnancies.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Child ; China ; Dystrophin ; genetics ; Female ; Fetal Diseases ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mosaicism ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne ; embryology ; genetics ; Pedigree ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Sequence Deletion

Objective: To determine possible relations between early adiposity rebound and adolescent development. Methods: Prospective children cohort from 2 kindergartens selected through clustering convenience sampling method in Anhui Province was established since Sep. 2010. Participants were classified as Cohort 1 (2010), Cohort 2 (2011) and Cohort 3 (2012) according to the recruiting year. Till Sep. 2015, a toal of 802 girls were included in this study, and received follow-up till primary school. During kindergarten period, physical examination was carried out every 3 months, 8 times in total. In primary school, physical examination was carried out annually; till Sep.2015, the cohort 1, 2, 3 took physical examination for 12, 11, 10 times, respectively. Information on household economic status and child physical activity was acquired through parents questionnaire survey, and breast development were assessed through visual inspection and palpation. Adiposity rebound was determined according to Rolland-Cachera's method for each girl. Differences between early adiposity rebound and normal adiposity rebound groups were compared by using t test and χ² test. Multivariate regression analysis was applied to explore the association between early adiposity rebound and breast development. Results: The average age of participants was (8.90±0.87) years old and the BMI was (17.48±2.70) kg/m². The average age at adiposity rebound was (6.16±0.90) years old and the BMI was (15.33±1.82) kg/m². Premature breast development was found significantly higher in girls in early adiposity rebound group (27.8%, 54/802) than it in normal adiposity rebound group (13.7%) (P<0.001). After current adiposity, age, household economic status, childhood physical activity adjusted, the OR of premature beast development in early adiposity rebound group was 2.41(95%CI: 1.41-4.12). Conclusion Early adiposity rebound increases the risk of premature puberty in girls.