Objective To establish a simple and feasible method in analyzing the molecular weight distribution of peptides in thymosin.Methods Improved Tricine-SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was applied to detect the molecular weight of peptides and the content of thymosinα1 in thymosin.Results Tested the thymosin preparations on the domestic market using this im-proved method.It was demonstrated that the peptide molecular weight distribution in thymosin preparations was between 3.5~8.5 kD,also could detect the concentration of 1 μg thymosinα1 in thymosin by using this improved method.Conclusion This improved method is suitable for the analysis of peptides molecular weight distribution and the concentration of thy-mosinα1,so it can be used for control quality of thymosin preparations.

AIM: To observe the protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor 1 (VEGF-1) in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells and VEGF-1 gene expression in lung tissue in rats with hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and treated with heparin. METHODS: Twenty four male adult SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (8 rats each): a control group (group A), a group with hypoxia for 4 weeks (group B) and a group with hypoxia for 4 weeks and injected with heparin to abdominal cavity simultaneously (group C). Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), right ventricle hypertrophy index (RVHI) and vessel morphometry were measured. The morphology of pulmonary artery was observed by HE staining. The expression of VEGF-1 protein in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells was determined by immunohistochemistry. The level of VEGF-1 mRNA in lung tissue was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: mPAP, RVHI, pulmonary artery remodeling parameters, VEGF-1 protein expression in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells and VEGF-1 gene expression in lung tissue of the three groups from high to low were group B, group C and group A. It was statistically significant when compared between either two groups of the three (P<0.01). Linear correlation analysis showed that VEGF-1 protein was positively correlated with pulmonary artery remodeling parameters (r=0.974, P<0.01), and VEGF-1 mRNA was positively correlated with VEGF-1 protein (VEGF 120 mRNA, r=0.919, P<0.01; VEGF164 mRNA, r=0.896, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Heparin may down-regulate the expression of VEGF-1 at the levels of transcription and translation, resulting in the inhibitory effect on rats with hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.

ObjectivesTo detect the effects of P-selectin on deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in nephrotic syndrome (NS). and to evaluate the molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a P-selectin targeted conlrost agent in diagnosis of thrombosis in the early phase. Methods(1) Forty-one patients with NS hospitalized in our department from 2005 to 2006 were enrolled in this study. They were assigned into DVT group and non-DVT group according to lower limbs radionuclide imaging (RNV) with 99mTc MAA. Blood P-selectin level was measured by ELISA method. (2) P-selectin was detected both in injured vein and blood immediately, 1 h and 3 h after the dog DVT model was established. (3) The P-selectin-targeted contrast agent was developed by conjugating anti-P-selectin lectin-EGF domain monoclonal antibody (PsL-EGFmAb) which was prepared by our lab. The potential of this contrast agent used in vitro molecular imaging experiment as well as in vivo experiment in dog DVT model was investigated. Results (1) Blood P-selectin level was elevated in patients with NS. It was much higher in DVT group than that in non-DVT group. (2) Blood P-selectin level was also elevated in DVT dogs and P-selectin expressed immediately in tunica intima of injured vein and subsequently in thrombus after the model established. (3) Mural thrombus showed higher signal visualization than surrounding muscle in 30 rain after contrast agent injection. These enhanced signals exhibited P-selectin specificity and persisted from the initiation of intima lesions to 3 h after development of thrombosis. There was signficant Differences in contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the experiment group and the control group (11.50±2.32 vs 2.71±0.86, P＜0.01). The same results were derived from 30 rain to 1 hafter contrast agent being injected in distal to heart part of the injured vessel, and the signal decreased 24 h later. Differences in CNR of the experiment group and the control group were also statistically significant (10.40±2.15 vs 1.93±0.57, P＜0.01). Moreover, the contrast agent did not affect the vital signs of the dog. The function of the heart, lung, liver and kidney functions remained normal after contrast administration. Conclusions P-selectin*targeted new MR contrast can be used to early locate thrombus in vivo in an early stage, which does not compromise the function of the important organs. It may become a new method for early diagnosis of thrombosis.

Objective To explore value of trephine in pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) for old thoracolumbar compression fracture with kyphotic deformity.Methods Thirty seven patients who underwent surgical treatment for old thoracolumbar kyphotic deformity in our hospital from February 2005 to February 2010 were retrospectively reviewed.Among them,21 patients underwent conventional PSO and 16 patients underwent PSO with trephine.In conventional PSO group,there were 14 males and 7 females,the average age was 55.6±3.7 years and the mean Cobb angle was 45.3°±4.6°.In PSO with trephine group,there were 11 males and 5 females,the average age was 53.3±4.2 years and the mean Cobb angle was 47.6°±5.9°.Results All patients were successfully followed up.The duration of follow-up ranged from 12 to 22 months in conventional PSO group,while 13 to 20 months in PSO with trephine group.The operation time,blood loss,amount of blood transfusion were 224±45 min,1043±234 ml,876±300 ml respectively in conventional PSO group,while 180±31 min,785±163 ml,500±230 ml in PSO with trephine group.Immediately after operation,correction rate of Cobb angle was 91.4％ in conventional PSO group and 90.9％ in PSO with trephine group.At final follow-up,the correction of Cobb angle lost 5.8％ in conventional PSO group and 6.2％ in PSO with trephine group.The improvement rate of JOA score was 81.1％ in conventional PSO group and 83.7％ in PSO with trephine group.The VAS score decreased 7.7±1.1 in conventional PSO group and 7.8±0.8 in PSO with trephine group.One patient in conventional PSO group experienced saddle numbness immediately after operation,which alleviated at final follow up.All patients achieved bony fusion at final follow up.No infection,screw loosening or breakage occurred in both groups.Conclusion The use of trephine in PSO for old thoracolumbar compression fracture with kyphotic deformity can reduce operation time,blood loss and improve efficiency of osteotomy.

Objective To explore the surgical technique and clinical effect of percutaneous lumbar endoscopic surgery for central disc herniation.Methods From February 2010 to April 2014,69 consecutive patients (36 males and 33 females) with central lumbar disc herniation underwent percutaneous endoscopic surgery were included in the study.The average age was 31.33±8.27 years,ranging from 16 to 56 years.All operations were performed by increasing the initial puncture angle.First enter the intervertebral space through the ventral nerve root,and then move the guide rod tip step by step to the top of the protrusion.Operative time,intraoperative blood loss and complications were recorded.Visual analogue scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were followed up before surgery,immediately after surgery,3,12,24 months after surgery.The MacNab criteria were used to evaluate the efficacy at the last follow-up.During the follow-up period,X-ray,CT and MRI were performed to observe the instability and recurrence of the operative segment.Results All of the disc herniations were successfully removed without conversion to open surgery or revision.All patients were followed up for more than 24 months.The VAS scores of low back pain and leg pain were significantly lower than those before operation immediately,3 months,12 months and 24 months after operation (P＜0.01).The JOA score was significantly higher in monthly follow-up (P＜0.01),and ODI was significantly improved in 3 months and 24 months after operation (P＜ 0.01).There were 22 excellent cases (31.88％),44 good cases (63.77％),3 cases (4.35％) during the final follow-up,and the excellent and good rate was 95.65％.Dural sac injuries occurred in 1 patient and discharged from hospital in 2 weeks of symptomatic treatment.Lumbar instability and operative segment recurrence were not found during the follow-up period (2 years).Conclusion The improvement of the puncture angle and the technique innovation of the guide rod moving from intervertebral space to intraspinal canal step by step can effectively reduce the nerve root stimulation and injury during the puncture and the placement of the working passage,and significantly improve the clinical efficacy of percutaneous lumbar endoscopy in the treatment of central lumbar disc herniation.Microscopic management of the posterior longitudinal ligament can effectively reduce the recurrence rate and has no significant impact on spinal stability.

Objective To assess the influence between managements in emergency room(ER) andoutcome of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI),in order to provide inference for treatment.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in severe TBI patients and recorded next indexes.(1) The managements in ER,including endotracheal intubation and oxygenation,fluid resuscitation,and mannitol intake.(2) The vital signs arriving at ICU,including systolic pressure and blood oxygen saturation.(3) Prognostic indicators including inhospital mortality and days during ICU,the scores of Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at discharge and 6 months after injury.Results In 140 severe TBI patients,65 patients (46.4％) died during ICU.The mortality of patients with endotracheal intubation [65.0％ (39/60)] was significantly higher than that without endotracheal intubation [32.5％(26/80)](P＜ 0.01).The mortality in whether fluid resuscitation and using mannitol had no significant difference [44.7％ (46/103) vs.51.4％ (19/37),49.2％ (31/63) vs.44.2％ (34/77)] (P ＞0.05).In days during ICU,there was no significant difference among the three treatment measures (P＞ 0.05).In GOS grade at discharge and 6 months after injury,the proportion of 4 and 5 grade were 8.3％ (5/60) and 25.0％ (15/60) in patients with endotracheal intubation,while 27.5％ (22/80) and 52.5％ (42/80) in patients without endotraeheal intubation (P ＜ 0.01).In fluid resuscitation and using mannitol patients,there were no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Treating severe TBI patients in ER,endotracheal intubation should be carefully chosen,fluid resuscitation and mannitol may not be given.

Objective:To investigate the effect of conventional coronary CT angiography (CCTA) bolus injection of contrast agent on the diameter and angle of the left main coronary artery (LMA) bifurcation area, and to provide a basis for the application of CCTA to accurately measure the coronary artery.Methods:In Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei Province from January to December 2020, the clinical data of 54 patients with suspected coronary heart disease who underwent coronary artery calcification score (CACS) and CCTA with conventional bolus injection of contrast agent were retrospectively analyzed. Two physicians measured middle lumen diameter of LMA (d1), proximal lumen diameter of left anterior descending (LAD) (d2), proximal lumen diameter of left circumflex (LCX) (d3) and bifurcation angle between LAD and LCX (∠1). The consistency of 2 physicians was compared, and the results of CACS and CCTA were compared.Results:The consistency analysis result showed that only d3 measured by CCTA had a moderate consistency (intra-group correlation coefficient = 0.717), and the remaining indexes were in good agreement (intra-group correlation coefficient >0.75). There were no statistical differences in indexes measured results between CACS and CCTA ( P>0.05). According to the degree of left coronary artery stenosis, 54 patients were divided into 2 groups: LMA and branches normal or stenosis degree < 50% group (25 cases) and LMA and branches 1 or more branches stenosis degree≥50% group (29 cases). There were no statistical differences in indexes measured results between CACS and CCTA in patients with different disease severity ( P>0.05). Conclusions:In the CCTA examination, the conventional bolus injection of contrast agent does not affect the diameter and angle of the lumen of the LMA bifurcation area of the coronary artery.

Objective To systematically review the risk prediction models for intradialytic hypotension in maintenance hemodialysis patients,with a view to provide references for clinical practice.Methods PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,CNKI,VIP,Wanfang and CBM were searched from inception to May 29,2023.2 reviewers independently screened the literature,extracted information and assessed methodological quality using the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool.Results A total of 20 studies and 25 models were included with the sample size of 68～9 292 cases and the incidence of outcome events of 2.1～51％.Baseline systolic blood pressure,age,ultrafiltration rate,diabetes and dialysis duration were the top 5 predictors of repeated reporting of the models.20 models reported the area under the curve of ranging from 0.649 to 0.969,and 5 models reported calibration metrics.There were 9 internal validations and 4 combined internal and external validation models.The overall applicability of the 20 studies was good,but all had a high risk of bias,mainly in data analysis.Conclusion Research on risk prediction models for intradialytic hypotension in maintenance hemodialysis patients is still in the developmental stage.Future studies should improve the research design and reporting process,and validation studies of existing models should be carried out to further evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of serum angiopoietin-like protein 8(ANGPTL8)and Kruppel-like factor 2(KLF2)and the degree of coronary artery disease and the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events(MACE)in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods A total of 106 patients with AMI who were hospitalized in our hospital from January 2021 to June 2023 were selected as the research objects.According to the degree of coronary artery disease,the patients were grouped into mild group(52 cases)and severe group(54 cases).According to the occurrence of MACE,the patients were grouped into MACE group(18 cases)and non-MACE group(88 cases).General patient data were collected.Serum ANGPTL8 and KLF2 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Spearman correlation analysis was applied to analyze the correlation between serum ANGPTL8 and KLF2 levels and Gensini score in AMI patients.Multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of coronary artery disease degree in patients with AMI.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were drawn to analyze the value of serum ANGPTL8 and KLF2 levels in predicting the occurrence of MACE in AMI patients.Results The proportions of patients with history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,levels of triacylglycerol(TG),N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),cardiac troponin I(cTnI),Gensini score,and level of serum ANGPTL8 in the severe group were higher than those in the mild group(P<0.05).The level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and serum KLF2 in the severe group were lower than those in the mild group(P<0.05).The number of lesions in the mild group and the severe group was statistically obvious(P<0.05).Serum ANGPTL8 level in AMI patients was positively correlated with Gensini score(r=0.638,P<0.05),and serum KLF2 level was negatively correlated with Gensini score(r=-0.612,P<0.05).History of hypertension,hyperlipidemia,cTnI and ANGPTL8 were risk factors for the progression of severe coronary artery disease in patients with AMI(P<0.05),while HDL-C and KLF2 were protective factors(P<0.05).The serum level of ANGPTL8 in AMI patients in the MACE group was higher than that in the non-MACE group(P<0.05),and the serum KLF2 level in the MACE group was lower than that in the non-MACE group(P<0.05).The area under the curve of serum ANG-PTL8 and KLF2 levels and their combination in predicting the occurrence of MACE in AMI patients was 0.740(95%CI:0.646～0.820),0.799(95%CI:0.710～0.870),and 0.806(95%CI:0.717～0.876),respectively.Conclusion The expressions of serum ANGPTL8 and KLF2 are closely related to the degree of coronary artery disease in patients with AMI,and have certain predictive value for the occurrence of MACE.

Objective To study anti-aging mechanism of skin with water extract of Codonopsis Radix by applying computational biology and animal experiments.Methods A total of 50 SPF 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were selected and then randomly divided into five groups.D-galactose-induced aging mice model was constructed,and different doses of water extract of Codonopsis Radix were used for intervention.Hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE)and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes of mouse skin tissue.The content of hydroxyproline(HYP),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and malondialdehyde(MDA)in mouse skin were measured by biochemical detection.Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructural changes of mouse skin tissue.The chip data of skin aging from GEO database was obtained to screen skin-aging differential genes.TCMSP and UniProt databases were used to search for active ingredients and targets of Codonopsis Radix.The intersection of targets for Codonopsis Radix-skin aging was obtained by integrating the above data.A protein interaction network of all core gene proteins for Codonopsis Radix intervention in skin aging was constructed through the STRING database.Then,quantitative real-time PCR(RT-qPCR)and Western Blotting were used to verify target genes expression and pathway-related protein expression after the intervention of Codonopsis Radix in the aging model.Results Compared with the normal control group,the skin tissue structure of mice in senile model group were damaged significantly,the damage of skin tissue structure was improved significantly after the intervention of Codonopsis Radix.Compared with the normal control group,the content of HYP and SOD in the skin tissue of mice in senile model group were significantly reduced(P＜0.05),while MDA was significantly increased(P＜0.05).After the intervention of Codonopsis Radix,the content of HYP and SOD were increased,while MDA was decreased(P＜0.05)compared with senile model group.It was found that matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9)was the core target for the intervention of Codonopsis Radix on skin aging in computational biology.Experiments have shown that the expression of MMP9 was significantly increased in the skin of aging model mice compared to normal control group(P＜0.05).After the intervention of Codonopsis Radix,the expression of MMP9 is significantly reduced(P＜0.05),the expression of the key protein including inhibitory subunit of NF-kappa B alpha(IκBα)、IκB kinase-alpha(IKKα)、nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)P65 of NF-κB signaling pathway were significantly changed(P＜0.05).Conclusion Codonopsis Radix water extract can effectively alleviate skin aging in aging model mice by inhibiting the protein expression of IκBα、IKKα、NF-κB P65 of NF-κB signaling pathway,reducing the expression of downstream gene MMP9,and ultimately alleviate skin collagen damage and resist skin aging.