Objective To investigate the relationship between pathological types of intracoronary thrombus and changes of ST segment in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods Thrombus aspiration during primary PCI was performed in 65 ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients and 42 non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients. Pathological analysis on thrombosis was made. Results Thrombi characteristics were collected from 48 STEMI patients and 12 NSTEMI patients. In the STEMI group, 39(81.3%) red/mixed thrombus and 9(18.7%) white thrombus were found. While in the NSTEMI group, 8(66.7%) white thrombus and 4(33.3%) red/mixed thrombus were obtained. Conclusions There are both red/mixed and white thrombus in the two kinds of acute myocardial infarction. A variety of elements, including thrombus formation, could contributes to the change of ST in electrocardiograph during acute myocardial infarction.

Objective To explore the related factors affecting the formation of different types of thrombosis in patients with STEMI. Methods Retrospective data were collected from September 2014 to October 2018 in Henan Province People's Hospital for emergency interventional treatment of patients with STEMI. According to the type of thrombus detected by OCT, they were divided into two groups, which were red thrombus group and white thrombus group. Clinical baseline data, coronary angiographic findings, and OCT results were collected in patients with STEMI. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the type of thrombosis in patients with STEMI. Results The rate of thrombus detection was 100％ in 92 patients with STEMI. According to OCT diagnostic criteria, 73 (79.3％) patients were classified into red thrombus and 19 (20.7％) were white thrombus. There was no significant difference in infarct-related artery and location between the two groups (P>0.05) , but there was more multiple vascular lesions in the white thrombus group than that in the red thrombus group. There was significant difference in the incidence of plaque rupture and thin fibrous cap in the two groups (P<0.05). The incidence of plaque rupture and thin fibrous cap lipid plaque was higher in the red thrombus group. Plaque rupture (OR = 2.894, 95％CI:2.704-2.956) , thin fibrous cap plaque (OR = 8.033, 95％CI: 7.985-8.283) , single vessel disease (OR = 1.746, 95％ CI: 1.659-1.785) are risk factors for red thrombosis formation. Conclusion Single vessel lesion, plaque rupture andthin fibrous cap lipid plaque are associated with red thrombus formation.While, multiple vessel lesions and stable plaque are associated with white thrombus formation.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of coronary angiography and types of intracoronary thrombus in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who were classified according to changes of ST segment in electrocardiogram (ECG).Methods:A total of 232 consecutive AMI patients within 24 h of symptom onset undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in Henan Provincial People’s Hospital from September 2016 to August 2018 were included. According to the changes of ST segment, patients were divided into three groups: ST-elevated group (161 cases), ST-unoffset group (28 cases) and ST-depression group (43 cases). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) during primary PCI were performed and intracoronary thrombus types were differentiated according to OCT. One-way analysis of variance, Chi-square test and Fisher exact probability test were used to analyze the clinical baselines, angiographic characteristics and intracoronary thrombus types among the three groups. A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:Left anterior descending coronary artery and right coronary artery were the most common infarct related arteries in the ST-elevated group and ST-depression group, while left circumflex artery was more common in the ST-unoffset group ( P<0.001). The infarct sites in the ST-elevated group and ST-depression group were mostly located in the proximal and middLe segments, while those in the ST-unoffset group were mostly located in the middLe and distal segments ( P=0.008). The proportion of occlusive lesion in the ST-elevated group and ST-unoffset group was higher than that in the ST-depression group (68.3% vs. 30.2%, P<0.05; 67.9% vs. 30.2%, P<0.05). The proportion of single vessel in the ST-elevated group and ST-unoffset group was higher than that in the ST-depression group (36.0% vs. 4.7%, P<0.05; 39.3% vs. 4.7%, P<0.05). The proportion of collateral circulation of infarct related artery in the ST-unoffset group and ST-depression group was higher than that in the ST-elevated group (35.7% vs. 16.1%, P<0.05; 58.1% vs. 16.1%, P<0.05). The incidence of red thrombus in the ST-elevated group and ST-unoffset group was significantly higher than that in ST-depression group (76.4% vs. 34.9%, P<0.05; 64.3% vs. 34.9%, P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the ST-depression group, the proportions of single-vessel, occlusive lesion and red thrombus are higher in the ST-unoffset group and ST-elevated group. Therefore, in acute non ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction, those without ST-segment deviation are different from those with ST-segment depression. It is recommended to further divide acute myocardial infarction into ST segment elevation type, ST segment unoffset type and ST segment depression type according to ECG.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with early left ventricular thrombus (LVT) under emergency percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)mode.Methods:The clinical data were collected from 784 patients with STEMI treated with emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) in our hospital from January 2014 to April 2019 . The observation indexes included baseline data, coronary angiography, disease course, laboratory examination and auxiliary examination. Patients with severe organic heart disease and having previous history of LVA and LVT were excluded. Totally 38 patients with LVT were selected as the experimental group and 114 patients with non-LVT selected as the control group according to the principle of age (the smallest absolute age difference between the experimental group and the control group) and sex. Data was analyzed by software Graphpad Prism5, SPSS 22.0 and Medcalc software were used for statistical analysis, and the Logistic regression model was established. A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant, and the risk factors of early LVT formation were retrospectively analyzed. Results:There was a linear relationship between the prolongation of TIT and the occurrence of LVT ( χ2= 304, P<0.01), and the Spearman relation was highly positive ( ρ=0.626, P<0.01). Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that prolonged TIT (total ischemic time), increased total amplitude of ST elevation, TIMI blood flow ≤ grade 2 after pPCI, decreased LVEF and LVA were independent risk factors for LVT, and their odds ratios ( OR) were 1.996, 13.689, 16.996, 0.868 and 9.195, respectively. Model 1 was constructed as LVA and the total amplitude of elevation of ST segments, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was drawn, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated as 0.889. Model 2 was obtained by adding TIT, LVEF and postoperative TIMI blood flow≤2, and the AUC was 0.990. Delong method was used to compare the AUC values between the two groups, and there was a statistical difference ( Z=3.294, P=0.001). Conclusions:The risk factors of STEMI complicated with early LVT under "emergency PCI mode" may have changed. Clinicians should conduct early screening of high-risk people factors of LVT in order to reduce its incidence and improve the prognosis. It may be helpful to actively carry out emergency bedside echocardiography before operation.

Objective To investigate the delay of door to signature time in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and its influence in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI),therefore to provide a scientific basis for further effective shortening the time of primary PCI in patients with STEMI.Methods A total of 226 patients who diagnosed with STEMI and underwent primary PCI at Henan Provincial People's Hospital from June 2016 to December 2017 were enrolled in the study.Observation indicators include:(1) baseline data of patients;(2) time segments in primary PCI:total ischemic time (TIT),door to balloon time (DTBT),door-to-signature time (DTST),signature to balloon time (STBT);(3) the demographic characteristics of the family members who signed informed consent;and (4) the psychological factors and coping strategies of family members before signing informed consent.All data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 22.0).Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of delay of DTST.A P＜0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results In this study,226 patients with STEMI who were first diagnosed in our hospital had a mean age of 55.23±10.80 years,and 181 (80.1％) were male.The median of TIT,DTBT,DTST,STBT were 312 min,166 min,82 min,and 80 min.The ratio of DTST in DTBT and TIT was 50％ and 28.5％,respectively.The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the number of direct family members (P＜0.001),the degree of educational in middle school and below (P=0.010),high school/technical secondary school (P=0.029),families worrying about the high cost of medical care (P=0.020),families consulted each other repeatedly (P=0.022),and consulted the other medical staff(P=0.022) are risk factors of DTST delay,and city residence (P=0.048) is the protection factor of DTST delay.Conclusions The long time of DTS is a reality of the practice of primary PCI in China.The factors that lead to longer DTST include demographic characteristics,psychological factors and coping strategies of family members.The STBT of primary PCI in China should be taken into the value while emphasizing the DTBT.