Objective To evaluate advantages of the Herbert screw in treating displaced radial head fractures. Methods The Herbert screw was used to treat 25 segmental fractures of the radial head from since 1991 and the results were compared with those of other treatment methods mentioned in the literature. Results A follow up averaging 6 years and 8 months showed that postoperative function was all excellent or good and that most cases recovered to normal absolutely, without complications. Conclusions The Herbert screw provides such rigid internal fixation for displaced radial head fractures that, after operation, a plaster cast is rarely required and most patients are able to return to work within a few weeks. This method of treatment appears to offer significant advantages over conventional techniques.

[Objective] To investigate the effect of ATA, a herbal medicine compound, for the treatment of the chronic infection of simian immunodeficiency virus ( SIV) in monkeys. [ Methods ] Eight Rhesus monkeys were infected with SIVmac251 to establish monkey models with chronic infection of SIV. After 18 months, the monkeys were randomized into model group and ATA group, administered with saline and ATA 2 g?kg-1?d-1 for 56 days respectively. The changes of signs were observed, plasma levels of T-lymphocyte subsets CD4+ and CD8+ were detected by flow cytometry and the lymph node biopsy were observed under light microscope before and after treatment. [Results] After treatment, the body weight increased and the incidence of infective diarrhea decreased in ATA group, the difference being insignificant. ATA had no obvious effect on white blood cells counting and the replication number of plasma SIV, but increased the plasma levels of T-lymphocyte subsets CD4+ and CD8+(P

Background Tear meniscus gained by OCT device is essential to the dry eye diagnosis.Currently,RTVue Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) is commercially available to image the tear menisci.However,there were few studies to report the repeatability and reproducibility of lower and upper tear meniscus parameters measured by RTVue FD-OCT.Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the repeatability and reproducibility of lower and upper tear meniscus parameters measured by RTVue FD-OCT in normal and dry eyes.Methods In this prospective study,20 dry eyes of 20 patients were finally recruited,and 20 normal eyes of 20 age-and gender-matched healthy subjects were included during the same period.Successive three-time scans were performed at a 3-minute interval with RTVue FD-OCT in optional eye by one well-trained examiner,and the other operator performed the same measurement 10-15 minutes later.Six parameters of tear meniscus were yielded by custom software,including upper meniscus curvature (UMC),upper meniscus height(UMH),upper meniscus area (UMA),lower meniscus curvature (LMC),lower meniscus height (LMH) and lower meniscus area (LMA).The between-image repeatability was assessed using mean coefficient of repeatability (MCOR),while between-operator reproducibility were evaluated using coefficient of repeatability (COR) and interclass correlation of coefficients (ICC).Results As for the between-image repeatability,the results of MCOR for UMH,UMA,LMH and LMA were 5.11％,3.58％,4.98％ and 4.82％ respectively in the normal eyes and 5.60％,5.80％,5.03％ and 5.74％ respectively in the dry eyes.As for the between-operator reproducibility,the results of COR and ICC for UMA were 5.38％ and O.975,the COR and ICC for LMA were 5.28％ and 0.961 respectively in the normal eyes,and the results of COR and ICC for LMA were 9.69％ and 0.964 in the dry eyes.Conclusions The UMA,LMH and LMA tear meniscus parameters obtained by RTvue FD-OCT show good between-image repeatability,and LMA also presents good between-operator reproducibility.Measurement of tear meniscus parameters with RTVue FD-OCT measuring is a potential diagnostic index for the diagnosis of dry eye.

Objective To compare the bio-medical parameters in SIV infected Chinese rhesus monkeys with diverse disease progression,by which the pathogenesis of simian AIDS were to be investigated.Methods Sixteen Chinese rhesus monkeys were inoculated intravenously with SIVmac239 and followed-up for 18 months.Based on their progression patterns and plasma viral loads,animals were divided into 3 groups,including 1 rapid progressor( RP),13 normal progressors(NP),and 2 elite controllor(EC).Their parameters of haematology,virology,immunology and pathology were examined and compared. Results Compared with other animals,RM449(RP) showed higher viral load,unresponsive humoral immunity,and higher level of auto-antibodies against lymph node,thymus,and spleen.Additionally,its effector memory CD4 count was lower,with the transformation progress being blocked-like from naive/central memory subsets to effector memory subset,as the flow-cytometry assay showed.Notable decrease in its peripheral B cell was also observed,especially to the sub-population of tissue-like memory B cells and activated memory B cells.Pathological examination showed the depletion of lymphoid tissue,atrophy of spleen and loss of thymus.Moreover,most of these parameters of RM450 and RM453 (EC) changed opposite to that of RP.Conclusion The hallmarks of RM449 were higher viraemia and lower SIV specific IgG level,which may due to the disturbance of T cells and B cells development and differentiation.Moreover,destructions of organs of the immune system may contribute to the disturbance.Our study suggest that the change of micro-environments of thymus induced by SIV infection,which is necessary in T cell and B cell development and differentiation,may contribute at least partially to the AIDS pathogenesis.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Ganoderma lucidum preparation on the behaviors,biochemistry,and autoimmunity parameters of mouse models of APP/PS-1 double transgenic Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods A total of 44 4-month-old APP/PS-1 double transgenic AD mice were randomly divided into AD model group,Aricept group,Ganoderma lucidum middle-dose(LZ-M)group,and Ganoderma lucidum high-dose(LZ-H)group,with 11 mice in each group.In addition,10 4-month-old C57BL/6 mice were used as the control group.Water maze test was conducted to observe the behavior changes,and the protein expressions in brain tissues were detected by Western blot analysis.The autoimmune indicators were detected by indirect immunofluorescence method.Results In the navigation experiment,the time of finding the platform was gradually shortened since the 2day in the control,LZ-H,and LZ-M groups,and the time of searching the platform in the AD model group gradually increased.On the 5day,the time of finding platform was significantly shorter in control group (t=5.607,P=0.000) and LZ-H group(t=2.750,P=0.010)than AD model group.In the space exploration experiment,the number of crossing the target platform(t=2.452,P=0.025)and the residence time in the target quadrant(t=2.530,P=0.020)in AD model group mice was significantly smaller/shorter than those in control group;in addition,the number of crossing the target platform in the AD model group was significantly smaller than that in LZ-H group(t=2.317,P=0.030)and LZ-M group(t=2.443,P=0.030),while the residence time in target quadrant decreased significantly(t=2.770,P=0.020)compared with LZ-H group;the number of crossing through the target platform quadrant(t=2.493,P=0.022)and residence time in the target quadrant(t=2.683,P=0.015)in LZ-H group were significantly higher than in Aricept group.Western blot analysis showed that the expression of ApoA1 in the brain tissues of mice in LZ-H and LZ-M groups were significantly higher than those in AD model group(P<0.01,P<0.05);Aβ-40 expression in LZ-H group was significantly lower than that in AD model group(P<0.05);the expressions of Syt1,ApoE,and ABCA1 in brain tissues of mice in LZ-H group were significantly higher than those in model group(P<0.01,P<0.05).The plasma IgG level in Aricept group(t=30.945,P=0.000),LZ-M group(t=25.639,P=0.000)and LZ-H group(t=4.689,P=0.001)were significantly higher than that in the control group.Conclusion Ganoderma lucidum preparation can improve behavior disorders of AD model mice,promote the expressions of ApoA1,ApoE and Syt1,inhibit the expression of Aβ-40 protein,and improve the autoimmune function.