Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is widely used in coronary artery examination. Ultrasonic elastography combined with IVUS is very conspicuous in identifying plaque component and in detecting plaque vulnerability degree. In this study, a simulation model of the blood vessel based on finite element analysis (FEA) was established. The vessel walls generally have radial changes caused by different intravascular pressure. The signals at lower pressures were used as the pre-deformation data and the signals at higher pressure were used as the post-deformation data. Displacement distribution was constructed using the time-domain cross-correlation method, and then strain images. By comparison of elastograms under different pressures, we obtained the optimal pressure step. Furthermore, on the basis of the obtained optimize pressure step, the simulation results showed that this method could effectively distinguish characteristics between different component plaques, and could guide the later experiments and clinical applications.
Angiography ; Arteries ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; diagnostic imaging ; Pressure

Objective To compare the effects of aspirin and clopidogrel on platelet aggregation function by TEG,and to study the antiplatelet agents tailored therapy of Thrombelastography(TEG)in treatment of cerebral infarc-tion patients.Methods 100 patients with acute cerebral infarction were included in two groups:aspirin group and clopidogrel group.The inhibitory rates of AA and ADP receptor pathway in platelets were detected by TEG.The effect of inhibitory rates in group aspirin and clopidogrel was compared with nerve function and the recurrence rate of stroke. Results The inhibitory rates of group aspirin (85.23 ±21.98)% was higher than group clopidogrel (47.31 ± 22.37)% (t =7.340,P =0.005).The patients with which the inhibitory rates showed goodby TEG in group aspirin and clopidogrel got better neurological recovery,and the patients showed goodby TEG in group aspirin got lower stroke recurrence rate within 1 year(χ2 =4.460,P =0.035;χ2 =7.232,P =0.007).Conclusion TEG had guided the antiplatelet individual therapy for cerebral infarction patients,and can be used to predict and confirm the efficacy of antiplatelet drug.

To explore the pathogenicity of VEG strain Toxoplasma gondii oocysts on China Kunming mice,T.gondii oocysts of ＜ 1 and 102-108 were chosen to feed the mice orally.And the modified agglutination test (MAT),H&E and IHC were used to check the infection of mice.The infection rate,the survival rate of mice,and number of cysts in brain were analyzed.Results showed that 100％ of the mice fed with ≥102 oocysts were infected,the minimum lethal dose was 102 oocysts and the 100％ lethal dose was 108 oocysts.The time of death in acute infection was 7 DPI to 14 DPI.T.gondii cysts formation rate was 32.14％ (9/28),and the number of cysts was 9 to 857 per mouse.The survival rate of infected mice was 67.44％ (29/43),and the longest survival time was more than 390 DPI.Accordingly,the virulence of T.gondii VEG strain is medium,and has a higher cysts formation rate.

Objective:To study the change of microRNA during the early stage of high phosphorus in-duced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)calcification and its related mechanism.Methods:The in vitro calcification model was created through stimulating VSMC cell line A7r5 with high Pi (2.6 mmol /L)for 7 d.The calcification was validated through ocresolphthalein complexone colorimetry to detect the cellular calcium content,real-time PCR to measure the calcification-related gene expression and alizarin red staining to observe the formation of calcium nodules.Based on the cell calcification model,micro-RNA microarray array was applied to screen the profiles of microRNA expression in VSMC following high Pi stimulation for different periods (0,3 and 12 h).The array data were analyzed by TAMtool to explore the activated signaling pathway.Results:The calcium content of A7r5 cells induced by high Pi was in-creased 9.6 times high as cells without Pi treatment (P <0.05 ).VSMC contractile phenotype genes (SM-αactin,SM22)were down-regulated (P <0.05 ),while calcification-related genes (BMP2, MSX2,Runx2)were up-regulated (P <0.05)in VSMC stimulated by high Pi.The calcium nodules were obviously formed in cells after 7 d high Pi treatment.In microarray experiment,680 individual mi-croRNAs were detected in high Pi-treated VSMCs at different time points (0,3 and 12 h).Among these genes,miR-183,miR-664 and miR-9 * were increased whereas miR-542-5P,let-7f and miR-29a were decreased in time-dependent manners.Twenty-six kinds of signaling pathways,including cell apoptosis, differentiation and proliferation,were significantly activated.All these activated pathways were associated with calcification.Conclusion:This study implies that microRNA changed in high Pi-induced VSMCs may involve in the process of calcification.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of Salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate powder for inhalation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods 70 patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from March 2014 to March 2015, were randomly divided into two groups ( n =35 ) .Control group were given basic treatment, observation group was given Salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate powder for inhalation on the basis of control group , patients were followed up and changes of related indicators wererecorded. Results After treatment one month, serum airway remodeling index b-FGF, TIMP-1 values were (93.86 ±17.36 μg/L, 38.06 ±4.28ng/mL) respectively, more than control group(135.03 ±16.06μg/L, 53.95 ±4.15ng/mL)(P<0.05).After treatment one month, inflammatory markers IL-8, TNF-αwere(7.26 ±1.57 pg/mL, 4.29 ±1.02 ng/L)respectively, were more than the control group (14.27 ±1.71 pg/mL, 8.90 ±1.21 ng/L) (P<0.05).After treatment, the observation group, the total effective rate was 91.43%, higher than 77.14%(P <0.05).Conclusion Salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate powder for inhalation has good effect in treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , better than the use of basic treatment alone.

Abstract: Objective To investigate the molecular characteristics of the H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) causing human infection in Yunnan Province in 2019, and to provide the scientific basis for the prevention and control of avian influenza in Yunnan Province. Methods Influenza virus typing was performed by real-time RT-PCR in two influenza-like illness samples, and the Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencer was used to determine the viral genome sequence. HA and NA gene sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree construction were performed using Mega7.0 software. Results Real-time RT-PCR results showed that two influenza-like illness samples were positive for H9N2 subtype. The full length of HA and NA were obtained by genomic sequencing. Sequence system evolution analysis showed that the HA and NA of the two AIVs in Yunnan Province were in the same evolutionary clade as A/Chicken/Zhejiang/HJ/2007 and belonged to the G57 type. The HA nucleotide and amino acid homology of the two AIVs were 93.92% and 95.00%, respectively, and the NA nucleotide and amino acid homology was 93.31% and 82.03%, respectively. The nucleotide (amino acid) homology of HA was 92.29%-96.94% (93.77%-98.43%) and 92.84%-94.92% (94.18%-96.23%), respectively, and NA nucleotide homology (amino acid) were 91.81%-97.60% (77.82%-94.83%), 94.38%-97.22% (85.47%-94.55%), respectively, compared with that of human infected H9N2 epidemic strains obtained in China from 2015 to 2020. Both AIVs HA protein cleavage site sequences were PSRSSR↓GLF, which was in line with the characteristics of low pathogenic influenza. The analysis of HA protein receptor binding site showed that amino acids at positions 109, 161, 163, 191, 202, 203 and 234 were consistent with the reference strains, while amino acids at position 198 were mutated to T. N166D and 168N mutations were also found in HA protein, and both AIVs had 7 potential glycosylation sites. Analysis of the erythrocyte binding site of NA gene found that there were amino acid mutations at positions 369, 402, 403, and 432, and amino acid deletion at positions 63-65 was found in the NA genes. There were 4 and 5 potential glycosylation sites in the two AIVs, respectively, and no drug resistance site mutations were found. Conclusions　The receptor binding sites, erythrocyte binding sites and glycosylation sites of HA and NA genes of H9N2 AIV in Yunnan Province have different degrees of variation, and monitoring and prevention and control should be strengthened.

Objective Assessment of right ventricular function in patients with atrial septal defect (ASD) is difficult. The Doppler myocardial performance index (MPI) may provide a method of assessing function in these patients. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the right ventricular function and its changes in patients with ASD after transcatheter closure of ASD. Methods MPI, defined as the sum of isovolumic relaxation time and isovolumic contraction time derived by ejection time, was measured from tricuspid inflow and right ventricular outflow; Doppler velocity profiles recorded during routine echocardiography. Twenty nine patients ( 13 men, 16 women;mean age 25.28 ± 12.69, range 6 to 57 years) were diagnosed to secundum ASD [the stretched diameters of ASD were from 9 To 36 (24.91 ±7.98) mm], and had a successfully placed Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) (the sizes of ASO were from 11 to 40 mm ); there were 81 sex-matched, age-matched healthy people (control group 41men, 40 women; mean age 29.02 ± 14.22, range 4 to 45 years).MPI was measured again on 3 days and 1 month after closure of ASD. Change in the study group was assessed and compared to the control subjects with structurally normal hearts. A complete 2- dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic examination was performed in all study groups. Results 1) The isovolumic relaxation and isovolumic contraction times [respectively(77.59 ± 14.39)ms vs (60.93 ± 12.94)ms, P＜0.0001; (28.28 ± 10.88)ms vs (23.64 ± 9.01)ms, P=0.027] were prolonged, and ejection time [(260.65 ± 21.86 )ms vs (271.85 ± 21.92)ms, P=0.033] was shortened in patients with ASD compared with that in control subjects, resulting in a marked increase in the MPI(0.40 ± 0.07 vs 0.31 ± 0.05, P＜0.0001) from normal values; 2) by Pearson's correlations, the MPI had no correlation with heart rate and blood pressure in control subjects and patients with ASD, but it correlated positively with age in patients with ASD; 3) by Pearson's correlations, the MPI correlated positively with the diameter of ASD and pulmonary artery pressure; 4) after transcatheter closure of ASD, the MPI decreased markedly. Conclusions 1) MPI is a conceptually new, simple, and reproducible Doppler index in patients with ASD; 2) MPI is free from the effect of age, heart rate and blood pressure; (3) MPI appears to be relatively dependent on changes in the diameter of ASD and pulmonary artery pressure; 4) the right ventricular function was improved after transcatheter closure of ASD.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of left ventricular hypertrophy and deformation on cardiac function in patients with uremic cardiomyopathy (UCM) by using the technology of two dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI).Methods:A total of 67 UCM patients were randomly divided into the normal cardiac function group (subgroup A,32 cases) and the abnormal cardiac function group (subgroup B,35 cases)according to the New York Heart Association points (NYHA-P).A total of 30 healthy subjetcs served as the control group.Parameters including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),left ventricular mass index (LVMI),left ventricular spherical index (LVSI),left ventricular myocardial mean radial strain (MRS),mean radial strain rate (MRSR),mean longitudinal strain (MLS),local systolic twist angle (STA),and mitral annulus maximum displacement (TMAD) were detected.Results:MLS,MRS,MRSR,LVSI,STA and TMAD in the Group A and Group B were lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05),and LVMI in the Group A and Group B was increased than those in the control group (P＜0.05);LVEE MLS,MRS,MRSR,LVSI and STAin the Group B was decreased than that in the Group A (P＜0.05).MLS in the Group A and B were positively correlated with LVEF and LVSI,but negatively correlated with LVMI.Using the point of 14.10％ for MLS to evaluate UCM patients with NYHA-P＞4 points,the sensitivity,the specificity and Yuedden index were 90.5％,71％ and 0.585,respectively.STA in UCM patients were lower than that in the control (P＜0.05).Conclusion:2D-STI possesses a unique advantage in detecting left ventricular strain and strain rate on left ventricular regional function in UCM with left ventricular hypertrophy and ventricular deformation.There is no direct correlation between the left ventricular hypertrophy and ventricular deformation,but the ventricular hypertrophy and deformation are correlated with regional cardiac function and clinical cardiac function.Left ventricular regional dysfunction may occur before cardiac hypertrophy and deformation.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between ciaH, eno, pykF genes and fluoride resistance through determining the differential expressions of ciaH, eno and pykF genes of fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans cultivated in fluoride environment. Methods:The cultured Streptococcus mutans and their fluoride-resistant strains were divided into UA (Streptococcus mutans subcultured in BHI without NaF), FR (fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans subcultured in BHI without NaF) and FFR (fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans subcultured in BHI containing 1 g·L-1 NaF) groups.After 11 h (logarithmic phase) and 20 h (platform stage) cultivation, the expression levels of ciaH, eno and pykF mRNA were detected by RT-PCR method.Results:Compared with FR group, the expression levels of ciaH, eno and pykF mRNA in FFR group were increased both in the logarithmic phase and the platform stage(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with UA group, the expression levels of eno and pykF mRNA in FR group were decreased both in the logarithmic phase and the platform stage(P<0.01), whereas the expression level of ciaH mRNA had no significant difference in the logarithmic phase (P>0.05), but it was increased in the platform stage (P<0.01).Conclusion:Fluoride can increase the expression levels of ciaH, eno and pykF genes in fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans, indicating that these genes are related to the production of fluoride resistance.

Objective To investigate physiological changes in peri extracorporeal circulation period of patients who underwent cardiac valve replacement surgeries with crystalloid solution mixed with colloidal solutions and pure crystal solution as extracorporeal circulation priming solution, and explore the clinical value and practicability of crystalloid solution as the sole extracorporeal circulation priming solution.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 130 patients who underwent cardiac valve replacement surgeries.Pure lactated Ringer's solution liquid and Lactated Ringer's solution mixed with Voluven as the extracorporeal circulation priming solution were used.We respectively compared hematocrit at different time points, postoperative blood routine, liver and kidney function, blood coagulation index, duration of intensive care and trachea cannula in two groups.Results There were no significant differences in ages, preoperative blood routine, kidney function, blood coagulation function, duration of operation, clamping time, bypass time, intensive care, postoperative blood routine, kidney function, blood coagulation function and hematocrit at different time points in two groups (P ＞0.05).However, the hospital day of group which used crystalloid solution as extracorporeal circulation priming solution was significant shorter compared to group which used lactated Ringer's solution mixed with Voluven (P ＜ 0.05).Alanine aminotransferase of group which used crystalloid solution as extracorporeal circulation priming solution was significant higher compared to group which used lactated Ringer's solution mixed with Voluven (P ＜0.01).Conclusions Crystalloid solution as extracorporeal circulation priming solution is safe and economy in cardiopulmonary bypass.Pure crystalloid solution as the sole extracorporeal circulation priming solution can be safely used on patients (New York Heart Association class Ⅱ-Ⅲ) who have normal liver and kidney function before the operation of adult heart valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass.