The drugs used in myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS) are quite limited,and the prognosis of some types of MDS is worse.Recently,lenalidomide has gotten people' s attentions.Lenalidomide has been approved for the treatment of International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS)-classified low-or intermediate-1-risk MDS associated with chromosome 5q31 deletion,with or without additional cytogenetic abnormalities.However,the mechanism of action of lenalidomide is still unclear.There are some research findings indicated that lenalidomide also has effect on others types of MDS,suggesting that it can be used more widely.The latest studies about efficacies of lenalidomide on MDS are reviewed in this article.

Electrophoretic-purified human glycophorin A (GPA) was used to produce its derivatives: (1) glycopeptides were separated and purified from GPA by trypsin digestion; (2) preparation of GPA-antibody and GPA glycopeptide-antibody; (3) preparation of deglycosylated GPA (dGPA); (4) incorporating GPA or dGPA into human RBC membrane lipids to form two kinds of liposomes. The products described above were used to test Plasmodium falciparum FCC1/HN merozoites for their ability to invade human erythrocytes. It was found that GPA-liposomes were able to bind with merozoites and dGPA-liposomes had a negative reaction. GPA, GPA glycopeptide, GPA-antibody, GPA glycopeptide-antibody and GPA-liposome all had the effect to hinder the invasion of merozoites into human erythrocyte while dGPA-liposome had no such an effect.

Objective To investigate the effects of gabapentin on high-voltage-activated calcium currents in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in mice with oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain (NP). Methods Pathogen-free male Kunming mice aged 6 weeks weighing 20-25 g were used in this study. NP was induced by injection of intraperitoneal oxaliplatin 3 mg/kg. Successful induction of NP was defined as the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) measured at 3 d after oxaliplatin administration decreased to 40% of the baseline ( before administration of oxaliplatin). Forty-one mice in which NP was successfully induced were randomly divided into 2 groups: NP group ( n = 20) and gabapentin group (group G, n = 21 ). Another 10 normal mice served as control group (group C). At 3 days after oxaliplatin administration, gabapentin 100 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally once a day for 3 consecutive days in group G, while C and NP groups received the equal volume of normal saline.MWT to von Fray filament stimulation was measured immediately before and 1-3 days after gabapentin administration (T1-4). After the last measurement of MWT, bilateral L4.5 DRG was collected and neurons were isolated. The high-voltage-activated calcium currents were recorded using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The peak current density and the voltage where half of the current was activated ( Va1/2 ) or inactivated ( Vi 1/2 ) were calculated. Results Compared with group C, MWT at T1-4 was decreased, the peak current density and Vi1/2 were significantly increased in group NP, and MWT at T1 was decreased in group G ( P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference in the peak current density, Vi1/2 and Va1/2 between C and G groups ( P ＞ 0.05). MWT at T2-4 was significantly increased, while the peak current density and Vi1/2 were significantly decreased in group G compared with group NP (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Gabapentin can reduce oxaliplatin-induced NP in mice through inhibiting high-voltage-activated calcium currents and promoting the inactivation of the channels in DRG neurons.

Objective:To observe the efficacy of the serial treatment with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after bortezomib and dexamethasone-based triple chemotherapy regimen and followed by lenalidomide and intermittent intensive therapy in primary plasma cell leukemia.Methods:A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of one patient who was diagnosed as primary plasma cell leukemia with complex karyotype in April 2018 in Henan Cancer Hospital, and the relevant literature was reviewed.Results:The patient received multiple cycles of bortezomib and dexamethasone-based triple chemotherapy regimen, then received autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, lenalidomide and intermittent intensive therapy. The patient eventually achieved complete remission and the progression-free survival time was 18 months until the day before the deadline for this article.Conclusion:The treatment with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after bortezomib and dexamethasone-based triple chemotherapy regimen and followed by lenalidomide and intermittent intensive therapy may improve the prognosis of patients with primary plasma cell leukemia and prolong the survival time.

Background::Although significant advances have been made in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), leading to unprecedented response and survival rates among patients, the majority eventually relapse, and a cure remains elusive. This situation is closely related to an incomplete understanding of the immune microenvironment, especially monocytes/macrophages in patients with treatment-na?ve MM. The aim of this study was to provide insight into the immune microenvironment, especially monocytes/macrophages, in patients with treatment-na?ve MM.Methods::This study used the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of both patients with MM and heathy donors to identify immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and monocytes/macrophages. Transcriptomic data and flow cytometry analysis of monocytes/macrophages were used to further examine the effect of monocytes/macrophages in treatment-na?ve MM patients.Results::A significant difference was observed between the bone marrow (BM) immune cells of the healthy controls and treatment-na?ve MM patients through scRNA-seq. It is noteworthy that, through an scRNA-seq data analysis, this study found that interferon (IFN)-induced NK/T cells, terminally differentiated effector memory (TEMRA) cells, T-helper cells characterized by expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG +Th cells), IFN-responding exhausted T cells, mannose receptor C-type 1 (MRC1) + DCs, IFN-responding DCs, MHCII + DCs, and immunosuppressive monocytes/macrophages were enriched in patients with treatment-na?ve MM. Significantly, transcriptomic data of monocytes/macrophages demonstrated that "don’t eat me" -related genes and IFN-induced genes increase in treatment-na?ve MM patients. Furthermore, scRNA-seq, transcriptomic data, and flow cytometry also showed an increased proportion of CD16 + monocytes/macrophages and expression level of CD16. Cell-cell communication analysis indicated that monocytes/macrophages, whose related important signaling pathways include migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and interleukin 16 (IL-16) signaling pathway, are key players in treatment-na?ve MM patients. Conclusions::Our findings provide a comprehensive and in-depth molecular characterization of BM immune cell census in MM patients, especially for monocytes/macrophages. Targeting macrophages may be a novel treatment strategy for patients with MM.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathologic features, treatment, and prognosis in patients with Castleman disease (CD) .Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathologic data of 59 patients for whom a diagnosis of Castleman disease was confirmed using pathological examination from October 2011 to October 2019 at the Henan Cancer Hospital. The patients were divided into the following two groups as per the following clinical classifications: unicentric CD (UCD, n=47) and multicentric CD (MCD, n=12) . Data on clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, treatment, and prognosis were analyzed. Results:There was no significant difference in the median age and the ratio of male to female between the UCD and MCD. UCD was characterized by asymptomatic enlargement of the single lymph node. The main pathological type was hyaline vascular histopathology (83.0%) . Of these, 44 patients chose surgical resection, and their prognosis was good. Treatment. MCD was characterized by multiple enlarged superficial and/or deep lymph nodes with B symptoms, weakness, and hepatosplenomegaly. Anemia, hypoproteinemia, and globulin level were increased on laboratory examinations. Plasmacyte histopathology was the main pathological type and was present in about 50.0% of the subjects. Only chemotherapy was performed for these MCD patients, followed by chemotherapy or chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy, and the efficient was 58.3% (7/12) .Conclusions:UCD, characterized by asymptomatic enlargement of the single lymph node, shows good postoperative prognosis. MCD has relatively complex clinical manifestations and poor prognosis, and optimal treatment is yet to be established.

To determine the efficacy and safety of selinexor combined with venetoclax (VEN) and azactitidine (AZA) for patients with relapsed and/or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML) . Twelve patients with R/R AML treated with selinexor plus VEN and AZA in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2022 to May 2023 were included. Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Among the 12 R/R AML patients, 5 (41.7%) achieved complete remission (CR) , 1 (8.3%) achieved CR with incomplete hematological recovery, and 5 (41.7%) achieved partial remission. The median time to reach CR was 28 (16-59) days. The median PFS was 61 (15-300) days. The main adverse event of the regimen was hematological toxicity. No chemotherapy-related deaths were observed. The combination of selinexor plus VEN and AZA is an effective treatment for R/R AML patients.