Starting from the form of red blood cells and the hematocrit (Hct, about 45 vol% of whole blood), we tried to prepare a kind of microspheres suspension to imitate non-Newtonian fluid property of whole blood, exploring its potentiality to be applied in blood viscosity quality control substance. In our study, we produced Ca-alginate hydrogel microspheres using emulsion polymerization, then we suspended the microspheres in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution to obtain a kind of liquid sample with the microspheres taking 45% volume. Then we used two types of viscometers to measure and analyse the changes of sample viscosity at different shear rate. We observed the forms of Ca-alginate hydrogel microspheres with microscope, and found them to be relatively complete, and their diameters to be normally distributed. Diameters of about 90% of the microspheres were distributed in a range from 6 to 22 micron. The samples were examined with viscometer FASCO-3010 and LG-R-80c respectively, both of which have shown a shear-thinning effect. After 5-week stability test, the CV of viscosity results corresponding to the two instruments were 7.3% to 13.8% and 8.9% to 14.2%, respectively. Although some differences existed among the results under the same shear rate, the general variation trends of the corresponding results were consistent, so the sample had the potentiality to be widely used in calibrating a different type of blood viscometer.
Alginates ; chemistry ; Blood Viscosity ; Calcium ; chemistry ; Glucuronic Acid ; chemistry ; Hexuronic Acids ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate ; chemistry ; Microspheres ; Plasma Substitutes ; chemistry ; Rheology ; instrumentation ; Suspensions ; chemistry

Objective:To investigate the prognostic value of texture analysis of MRI diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) for neonatal hypoglycemic encephalopathy (HE).Methods:The clinical data and MRI data of 119 patients with neonatal HE admitted to Children′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July 2013 to September 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The children were followed up to 7—8 months and scored by Bayley scales of infant and toddler development. According to the overall development index, the children were divided into three groups: normal group (≥85, group A, n=42), mild developmental retardation group (70－84, group B, n=46) and developmental retardation group (≤69, group C, n= 31). The whole brain region (except sulcus and cisterna) was delineated as region of interest (ROI) by LIFEx 3.4 software in MRI apparent diffusion coefficient images. A total of 37 parameters were calculated automatically by the software, The clinical data, including gender, gestational age, age at MRI scan, birth weight, mode of delivery, history of asphyxia at birth, maternal preeclampsia or diabetes, minimum blood glucose, duration of hypoglycemia, neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA), presence or absence of polycythemia); the texture parameters, including histogram, volume, gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), gray level run length matrix (GLRLM), neighborhood gray tone difference matrix (NGTDM), gray level size zone matrix (GLSZM), in the three groups were analyzed; and the diagnostic efficacy of clinical parameters and texture parameters was analyzed. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze statistically significant clinical parameters and texture parameters, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the prognostic efficacy of these parameter for neonatal HE. Results:There were no significant differences in gender, gestational age, age at MRI scan, delivery mode and blood glucose minimum among the three groups ( P>0.05). There were significant differences in birth weight [(3 150±130)g, (3 020±220)g, (2 880±140)g, F=-0.31, P=0.015], history of suffocation (10 cases, 18 cases, 20 cases, P=0.001), history of maternal diabetes or preeclampsia (14 cases, 29 cases, 21 cases, P=0.002), blood glucose duration [(5.0±0.2)d, (8.0±0.4)d, (14.0±1.7)d, F=-3.09, P=0.030] and NBNA scores (32.0±3.2, 28.0±2.6, 22.0±1.9, F=-4.21, P=0.010) among three groups. There were significant differences in kurtosis and entropy of histogram (2.57±1.12, 3.66±0.98, 4.23±0.37, F=3.54, P=0.010;5.89±1.09, 7.67±2.12, 8.92±1.62, F=-4.42, P=0.020); energy, contrast and dissimilarity of GLCM (0.48±0.01, 0.36±0.02, 0.23±0.01, F=-3.12, P=0.001;2 419±21, 3 354±31, 4 313±26, F=-4.16, P=0.020;126±14, 153±23, 344±43, F=-3.50, P<0.001); long run emphasis of GLRLM (0.78±0.15, 1.12±0.12, 1.76±0.31, F=-4.13, P=0.006), run length non-uniformity and run percentage (71.7±13.9, 96.6±10.7, 104.1±13.5, F=-0.98, P=0.001;0.91±0.05, 0.84±0.21, 0.72±0.17, F=2.97, P=0.010); coarseness and busyness of NGTDM [0.09±0.01, 0.13±0.03, 0.26±0.07, F=-1.95, P=0.003;0.16(0.04, 4.14), 0.32(0.05, 9.84), 0.45(0.15, 10.14), H=-3.24, P=0.030], short-zone emphasis and short-zone high gray length emphasis of GLSZM (4.74±0.45, 3.44±1.03, 1.88±0.67, F=-3.14, P=0.040; 278 963±239, 164 607±544, 111 653±618, F=-3.84, P=0.001) among three groups. Multivariate Logistic regression showed that duration of hypoglycemia, NBNA score, energy, kurtosis, run percentage and short zone effect were independent risk factors for poor prognosis of neonatal HE ( OR=7.43, 4.09, 1.10, 2.11, 1.36, 1.68, P=0.002, 0.027, 0.001, 0.006, 0.007, 0.010, respectively). ROC curve showed that for combined hypoglycemic duration, NBNA and texture parameters, the area under the curve (AUC) was the highest (AUC=0.94, P<0.001). Conclusion:Texture analysis of the MRI diffusion weighted imaging can predict the prognosis of neonatal hypoglycemic encephalopathy at an early stage, which has better prediction efficiency when combined with clinical features.

Purpose/Significance To understand the behavioral characteristics of patients with eye diseases,and to optimize the smart medical service strategies for eye diseases.Method/Process Guided by Anderson's medical service utilization model,the elec-tronic medical records(EMR)data of 17 602 patients in a hospital are collected,and chi-square test and pedigree clustering method are used to explore the behavioral characteristics of patients with eye diseases from four dimensions.The satisfaction of 702 patients with eye diseases on smart medical services is investigated,and the main influencing factors are analyzed by ordinal logistic regression.Re-sult/Conclusion According to the demographic characteristics of patients with eye diseases,registration methods,common ophthalmic diseases and incidence data,settlement methods,etc.,suggestions and strategies for smart medical services for eye diseases are put for-ward from four aspects:resource layout,technical compatibility,service mode and optimized settlement.