Objective To study the risk factors for thyroid papillary carcinoma in patients aged over 65 years,and to investigate the etiology of thyroid papillary carcinoma.Methods A total of 784 patients with thyroid nodules screened by ultrasound were grouped according to different iodine intakes,gender,age,diet,smoking history and history of radiation therapy.The incidence of thyroid papillary carcinoma was compared among the different groups.Pathogenic factors for thyroid papillary carcinoma were analyzed.Results 55 patients (7.0％) were diagnosed as thyroid papillary carcinoma among 784 patients.Gender,age,iodine intake,smoking history and history of radiation therapy were the pathogenic factors for papillary thyroid carcinoma.Thyroid papillary carcinoma was common in older women,patients with high-iodine intake and patients with the history of radiation therapy.The incidence of thyroid papillary carcinoma was higher in patients with high iodine intake than with normal-iodine intake or low-iodine intake [22.8％ (31/136) vs.1.9％％ (10/517),10.7％ (14/131),x2 =75.07,P＜0.01].The incidence of thyroid papillary carcinoma was higher in female than in male elderly patients [8.0％ (49/612) vs.3.5％ (6/172),P＜0.05].The incidence of thyroid papillary carcinoma was higher in patients with the history of radiation therapy than without the history of radiation [11.6％ (14/121) vs.6.2％ (41/663),P＜0.05].Conclusions The main risk factors for thyroid papillary carcinoma are living environment,gender,age,diet,smoking history and history of radiation therapy,which are more influenced by external factors.

Objective To study the expression changes and significance of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-mRNA and mutant p53 protein in thyroid carcinoma tissues in the elderly.Methods The expression level of hTERT-mRNA was examined by in situ hybridization in 50 samples of thyroid carcinoma tissues from the elderly and 41 samples of thyroid carcinoma tissues from the non-elderly and 30 samples of thyroid benign lesions.The expression level of p53 was examined by immunohistochemistry in all subjects.Results The positive rate of hTERT-mRNA was 96.0％ (48/50),85.3％ (35/41) and 10.0％ (3/30) in thyroid carcinoma tissues from the elderly,the non-elderly and thyroid benign lesions respectively,and there were significant differences between the three groups (x2=73.61,P=0.000).The positive rate of p53 was 92.0％ (46/50),85.3％ (35/41) and 13.3％ (3/30) in thyroid carcinoma tissues from the elderly,the non-elderly and thyroid benign lesions respectively,and there were significant differences between the three groups (x2 =62.30,P =0.000).Conclusions The positive rates of hTERT-mRNA and p53 in thyroid carcinoma tissues are higher in the elderly than in the non-elderly,which can be used to evaluate the biological behavior and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma in the elderly,and they play the important roles for targeted therapy.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of microRNA-19(miR-19)and microRNA-21(miR-21)in elderly patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC), and to analyze the relationship of miR-19 and miR-21 expression with pathological characteristics in elderly patients with DTC.Methods:A total of ninety-six elderly DTC patients visiting our hospital from January 2015 to January 2018 were included in this retrospective study.They underwent cervical lymph node puncture biopsy and radical surgery for thyroid cancer.The expression levels of miR-21 and miR-19 were detected in lymph node tissues, thyroid cancer tissues and normal para-cancerous tissue.The differences in miR-21 and miR-19 expression levels between three different pathological tissues in elderly patients were analyzed.The correlation of miR-21 and miR-19 expression levels with different clinico-pathological features in elderly patients was observed.Results:The expression levels of miR-21 from low to high were(0.92±0.33)in para-cancerous tissue, (3.41±0.64)in lymph node tissue and(4.28±1.56)in DTC tissue respectively( F=296.683, P<0.01), the difference was statistically significant( F=296.683, P=0.01). While, there was no significant difference in the expression levels of miR-19 among different tissues( P>0.05). Spearman correlation test showed that the expression level miR-21 in DTC tissue was positively correlated with that in lymph node tissue and para-cancerous tissue( r values were 0.724, 0.801, all P<0.01), while the expression level of miR-19 showed no correlation of DTC tissues with lymph node and para-cancerous tissues( r=0.127 and 0.165, P>0.05). The expression level of miR-21 in lymph node tissue was positively correlated with that in para-cancerous tissues( r=0.705, P<0.01), but the expression level of microRNA-19 had no correlation between the two kinds of tissues( r=0.191, P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of miR-21 in cervical lymph nodes among patients with different gender and tumor diameter( P>0.05). The expression level of miR-21 in cervical lymph nodes was significantly higher in stage Ⅲ patients than in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients( P<0.05). The expression level of microRNA-21 in cervical lymph nodes was higher in patients with extra-glandular infiltration than without extra-glandular infiltration( P<0.05). The expression of microRNA-19 in cervical lymph nodes showed no significant difference regardless of sex, tumor diameter, tumor stage, extra-thyroid invasion. Conclusions:MiR-19 may not be involved in the development of DTC in elderly patients, and microRNA-21 may play an important role in the development of DTC in elderly patients, especially in the process of tumor invasion and metastasis.Early cervical lymph node puncture for miR-21 detection helps early diagnose and evaluate DTC, to provide a basis for the choice of treatment options.

Purpose To detect the expressions of stress induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1) and estrogen receptor-α(ER-α) in papil-lary thyroid carcinoma and to analyse the relationship between STIP1 and ER-α. Methods 54 cases of paraffin-embedded tissues of papillary thyroid carcinoma, 18 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma with lymph node metastasis, 15 cases of Hashimoto’ s thyroiditis, 10 cases of adjacent normal thyroid tissue were collected. The expressions of STIP1 and ER-αwere detected by immunohistochemistry, and the relationship between the expressions and clinicopathological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma was analyzed. Results The expression of STIP1 and ER-α in papillary thyroid cancer group ( 55. 6% and 44. 4%) were higher than that of normal thyroid group (10% and 0) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis group (8. 3% and 0, all P<0. 05). STIP1 expressions was related to lymph node metastasis ( P<0. 05 ) , while ER-α expression was related to gender, TG-Ab and the merger of nodular goiter, but not related to lymph node metastasis (P>0. 05). The expressions of STIP1 and ER-α in papillary thyroid carcinoma were not related to patients’ age , tumor location, number of tumors, tumer size, invasion of capsule, the concomitant Hashimoto’ s thyroiditis and TPO-Ab ( all P>0. 05). And the expressions of STIP1 was not related to gender, TG-Ab and the merger of nodular goiter (all P>0. 05). A positive correlation was found between the expressions of STIP1 and ER-αin thyroid papillary carcinoma (P<0. 05). Conclusion STIP1 and ER-α in papillary thyroid carcinoma may be related with lymph node metastasis.

Objective To investigate expression levels of epithelial mucin 1 (MUC1) and epitbelial mucin15(MUC15) in elderly patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma and assess the role of MUC1 and MUC15 in the pathogenesis of thyroid papillary carcinoma.Methods Protein expression of MUC1 and MUC15 was detected by immunohistochemistry in 10 samples from normal thyroid tissue adjacent to thyroid adenoma,57 samples from papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC),and 14 samples from PTC in neck lymph node metastasis.Results Expression rates of MUC1 in normal thyroid tissues,thyroid papillary carcinoma,and lymph node metastatic carcinoma were 40.0％,75.4％,64.3,respectively,and the rates for MUC15 were 0,73.7％,71.4％,respectively.The positive expression rate of MUC1 was higher in PTC tissues than in normal thyroid tissues (x2 =5.10,P=0.02) and,compared with normal thyroid tissues,the positive expression rate of MUC15 increased in PTC tissues and lymph node metastatic carcinoma (x2 =12.25 and 19.75,both P＜0.05)MUC15 protein expression was higher in micro-PTC (less than or equal to 1 cm in diameter) than in carcinoma larger than 1 cm in diameter (90.9％ vs.62.9,x2 =5.48,P=0.02).MUC15 expression was higher in PTC without lymph node metastasis than in PTC with lymph node metastasis (83.8％vs.55.0％,x2 =5.55,P=0.02).MUC1 expression was positively correlated with MUC15 expression in thyroid papillary carcinoma (r=0.35,P=0.01).Conclusions MUC1 and MUC15 may have synergistic effects in the initiation and progression of PTC.MUC15 may play a role in regulating tumorigenesis of thyroid papillary carcinoma in early stages and can potentially serve as a supplementary marker in the screening of micro-thyroid papillary carcinoma.

Objective:To investigate the expression and clinical significance of wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) in thyroid carcinoma and biological effect of siRNA-targeting Wip1 on the thyroid carcinoma cell line. Methods:Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to detect the expression of Wip1 in 73 specimens of thy-roid carcinoma tissues and normal thyroid tissues (5 cm away from the margin of thyroid carcinoma), respectively. Wip1 siRNA was transiently transfected into the papillary thyroid carcinoma cell by using a liposome-mediated method and then detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and flow cytometry (FCM) were also conducted to observe cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle. Results:The positive rates of Wip1 protein were 80.8%in thyroid carcinoma tissues and 9.6%in the nor-mal tissues (χ2=47.036, P<0.05). The relative mRNA contents of Wip1 were 0.665 ± 0.046 and 0.225 ± 0.039 in carcinoma and normal tissues, respectively;these results significantly differed between the two types (t=12.637, P<0.05). Significant correlation was not ob-served between Wip1 expression and other factors, such as patient's gender, age, and tumor size (P>0.05). However, significant correla-tions among Wip1 expression, lymph node metastasis, clinical stages and tumor differentiation (P<0.05) were observed. RT-PCR and Western blot results showed that K1 cell-transfected Wip1 siRNA exhibited a relatively lower expression than normal cells (t=17.039, t=14.637, P<0.05). MTT assay results showed that the K1 cells transfected with Wip1 siRNA showed a lower survival fraction, higher cell apoptosis, higher percentage of G0/G1 phases, and lower cell concentration in G2/M and S phases (P<0.05). Conclusion:Wip1 pro-tein and mRNA were increased in thyroid carcinoma and are correlated with lymph node metastasis, clinical stages and tumor differenti-ation. Wip1 may be involved in proliferation, apoptosis, and cycle of thyroid cancer cells.

Objective To study the changes of expression of mucin1 (MUC1) and protooncogene proteins C-myc (C-myc) gene in elderly papillary thyroid carcinoma.Methods The expression levels of MUC1 and C-myc were examined by immunohistochemical methods in 58 sample of thyroid carcinoma,35 nodular goiter and in 30 normal thyroid tissue.Results The detective rate of MUC1 in 58 specimens of thyroid carcinoma was 77.6％ (45/58),while 90.0％ (9/10) in those with infiltration and 88.2 ％ (15/17) in those with metastasis.The detective rate of C-myc in 58 specimens of thyroid carcinoma was 81.0 ％ (47/58),and 100.0 ％ (17/17) in those with metastasis.Conclusions The differences in MUC1 or C myc expression and in thyroid carcinoma infiltration and lymph node metastasia between benign versus malignant thyroid tumor are statistically significant.

To study the complete genomic sequence, genomic characteristics, and genetic variation of the bovine papillomavirus 2 genotype (BPV-2) Aks-01 strain at the molecular level, genotyping of this strain from the skin samples of cows in southern Xinjiang (China) was first detected by the polymerase chain reaction with FAP59/FAP64 primers. Based on the complete genome of the BPV-2 reference strain, specific primers and sequencing primers were designed, and the complete genome of the Aks-01 strain amplified and sequenced. Sequence analyses showed that genotyping of the Aks-01 strain belonged to BPV-2. The Aks-01 strain had the structural characteristics of BPV-2. The 7944-bp full-length genomic sequence of the Aks-01 strain was compiled using DNAStar™. The sequence of the Aks-01 strain had 98% similarity to the reference strain from GenBank. The Aks-01 strain was most closely related to BPV-1 and BPV-13. BPV-2, BPV-1 and BPV-13 were grouped within the genus Deltapapillomavirus. The Aks-01 strain is the first BPV-2 strain reported in southern Xinjiang.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Bovine papillomavirus 1 ; genetics ; Cattle ; China ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genome, Viral ; genetics ; Genomics ; Genotype ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Skin ; virology