OBJECTIVETo observe the ultrastructures of rat alveolar type II cells and change of composition of phospholipid(PL) and content of protein in pulmonary surfactant(PS), to investigate the relation between change in composition of PL and activity of alveolar type II cells.

METHODSThe rats lung injury models were made by intratracheally instilling bleomycin(BLM) (4 mg/ml, 5 mg/kg). 28 rats were divided into four groups: 3-day group, 7-day group, 14-day group and 28-day group. Preparations of each group were stained histochemically and examined by electron microscope, content of PL in BALF, composition of PL and content of protein of each group were determined respectively.

RESULTS(1) Rats lungs in experimental groups were found that PS lost continuously, appeared homogenous and chorionic, dropped in the pulmonary alveolies. 3-day group was more apparent. Ruthenium red attaching on pulmonary surfactant was thicker in 3-day group, and the colour deeper, no difference in 7-day group and 14-day group, thinner in 28-day group. Content of PL in PS of BALF was increasing. Content of phosphatidylglycerol(PG) increased in 3-day group, decreased in 7-day, 14-day and 28-day group. The change of content of phosphatidylinositol(PI) was reversed. (2) Alveolar type II cells degenerated, necrotized, even disintegrated in 3-day group and 7-day group. 3-day group was more apparent. Proliferations of alveolar type II cells were found in each group, 7-day group was more apparent. We found that type II cells transformed to type I cells in 14-day group, extended and attached on bare basement membrane. Content of protein in PS was the highest in 3-day group, almost equal to the content of the control group in 28-day group.

CONCLUSIONMorphologic change and alternation of quality and quantity of PS after bleomycin-induced pulmonary injures specifically reflect the activity of alveolar type II cells. Measuring content of PL in BALF is one of simple and feasible method judging activity of alveolar type II cells when lungs of the rats are injured early by bleomycin.

Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; toxicity ; Bleomycin ; toxicity ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; chemistry ; Lung ; drug effects ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; chemistry ; Pulmonary Surfactants ; analysis ; Rats

Objective:To explore the preventive effect of moxibustion on six acupoints around the knee on perioperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremity in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 80 patients who underwent single total knee arthroplasty in Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Guangdong Province from January 2018 to October 2019 were selected as the research objects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group and the observation group with 40 cases in each group. The control group was given conventional treatments and nursing such as subcutaneous injection of low molecular weight heparin calcium and the observation group was given moxibustion on six acupoints around the knee on the basis of the control group. Patients in the two groups were observed for 14 days. Changes in circumference difference of calf (before operation, 1, 7, 14 days after operation) , plasma prothrombin time (PT) , activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and D-dimer were compared between two groups. DVT formation was compared between the two groups on the 14th day after surgery and satisfaction of patients was evaluated.Results:The differences in calf circumference of the operating limbs within each group were statistically significant on the first day after operation and before operation ( P<0.05) . There were statistically significant differences between the 7th and 14th day after operation and the first day after operation ( P<0.05) . There was no statistically significant difference in calf circumference difference between the two groups before and on the first day after the operation ( P>0.05) . The differences between the two groups on the 7th and 14th day after operation were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . There were statistically significant differences in PT, APTT and D-dimer on the first day after surgery and before surgery within each group ( P<0.05) , and there were statistically significant differences between the 7th and 14th day after surgery and the first day after surgery ( P<0.05) . There was no statistically significant difference in PT, APTT and D-dimer before operation and on the 1st and 7th day after operation between the two groups ( P>0.05) . On the 14th day after operation, the differences of PT, APTT, D-dimer between the two groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . A total of 6 patients (15.0%) in the control group had DVT, but no DVT occurred in the observation group, the total satisfaction rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Moxibustion on six acupoints around the knee can reduce the swelling of the lower limbs after operation, improve coagulation function and prevent the occurrence of DVT, which has higher satisfaction of patients.