This study was aimed to summarize main-bone structure of cantharidin-based small molecules and facts about three typical candidates including its origin, physical-chemical properties and general synthetic approaches. Basic chemical and pharmacological information as well as development of anti-cancer activities, which were related to cantharidin, norcantharidin and their analogues were reviewed, especially the relationship between the structures and their inhibitory activity and selectivity of serine-threonine protein phosphatases PP1, PP2A and PP2B in cancer treatment. The designs and developments of new biological cantharidin-based small molecules were also reviewed.

Objective To study the expression pattern of RYK in the pathway of developmental corticospinal tract projection and provide hints for further study on RYK's function involved in this processes.Methods By In situ and immuno-fluorescence histochemistry,we examined the RYK expression pattern in the developmental murine motor cortex and the projection of corticospinal tract at various time points of E14.5、 E16、E18.5 and postnatal P3、 P5、P7.Results The motor cortex the RYK expression started at E18.5 stage and enhanced gradually at P0 stage.Moreover from P0 to P5 stage the RYK expression also appeared in the pathway of developmental corticospinal tract and decreased gradually after that.Conclusion RYK's expression is closely related to the corticospinal tract projection during its development stage.

Objective To study changes of expression in Ephrin and its receptors in DRG neurons after peripheral nerve injury. Methods A rat model of unilateral crushed sciatic nerve was prepared, and changes in the expression pattern of Ephrin B1, Eph B1、Eph B2、Eph B3、EphA4 and RYK in DRG neurons in the rats crushed unilateral sciatic nerve were estimated by the number of positive staining cells in DRG, and the percentage of positive cells as well as the cell size.Results After peripheral nerve injury, the expression of Ephrin B1 significantly decreased, but there was no change in expression of Eph B1、Eph B2、Eph B3 or Eph A4, RYK expression was intensely induced in DRG neurons. Conclusion Ephrin B1 and RYK showed very significant expression changes in ERG neurons after peripheral nerve injury, and may be a component factor process of peripheral never regeneration.

This study was aimed to verify the chemical component cantharidin from Chinese blister beetle by LC-MS/MS. Components were first processed by HPLC to choose the appropriate separation conditions before LC/MS/MS analysis. Through the positive and negative ions pre-scan, positive ions scanning way was selected in the scanning of each separate component. The scanned maps were obtained and the relative molecular mass was deduced. The results showed that 8 types of cantharidin compounds were identified, including three isomers. It was concluded that LC-MS/MS was able to determine the chemical component cantharidin from Chinese blister beetle rapidly and accurately, which was existed in the body by the form of combined amino acid.

Objective:To explore the methods, complications and follow-up results of limb salvage for primary malignant tumors of the femoral shaft.Methods:From October 2006 to October 2019, 41 cases of primary malignant tumors of femoral shaft were analyzed retrospectively, 37 cases were followed up, including 22 males and 15 females, aged 8-46 years with an average age of 20.56±4.72 years old. All the lesions were located in the femoral shaft, and The Enneking stage was IIB. Tumor lesion ranged in the femur from 10 cm to 24 cm, and there was no pathological fracture. Pre-operative puncture biopsy was performed in all cases.22 cases were confirmed as osteosarcoma, 8 as chondrosarcoma, 5 as Ewing sarcoma, 2 as malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been used to treat both osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. Among the 37 patients, 8 cases of patients received total femoral prosthesis replacement, 14 cases of intramedullary nail fixation with allogenic bone graft, 8 cases of allograft-prosthetic composite (APC), and 7 cases of 3D printed prosthesis. The limb function was graded according to MSTS 93 system.Results:37 out of 41 patients were followed up, and the average follow-up time was 23.15±16.74 months (6-62 months). There were 9 patients with pulmonary metastases (26.47%), among which 6 patients passed away due to multiple metastases. 28 patients survived without tumor at last follow-up. The MSTS score was18-28 (average of 22.55±2.57). The average score of 3D printing prosthesis group was 27±1.74, allogeneic bone transplantation group was 22.85±2.59, total femoral prosthesis replacement group was 20.25±2.25, and the APC prosthesis group was 20.5±2.07. There was statistical difference between 3D printing group and other groups. The overall excellent and good rate of lower limb function was 79.41%, in which the 3D group was 100%, allogeneic bone group was 78.5%, APC prosthesis group was 87.5%, total femoral prosthesis replacement group was 62.5%. There was no statistical difference in the excellent and good rate of limb function among the groups. There weren't any cases of hip joint dislocation after total femoral prosthesis replacement. Delayed union of bone healing was seen in 3 cases of allogeneic bone transplantation and 2 cases APC patients. One patient suffered from the postoperative hemorrhage-related diseases-sciatic nerve compression, and the nerve recovered after emergency debridement. One patient suffered from poor wound healing. The overall complication rate was 24.32% (9/37).Conclusion:The patients with primary malignant tumors of the femoral shaft can effectively recover the lower extremity function by choosing the appropriate surgical scheme, in order to achieve the purpose of limb preservation and improve the quality of life of the patients. 3D printing prosthesis provides a new choice in the treatment of femoral shaft tumors.

Ensuring food safety is paramount worldwide.Developing effective detection methods to ensure food safety can be challenging owing to trace hazards,long detection time,and resource-poor sites,in addition to the matrix effects of food.Personal glucose meter(PGM),a classic point-of-care testing device,possesses unique application advantages,demonstrating promise in food safety.Currently,many studies have used PGM-based biosensors and signal amplification technologies to achieve sensitive and specific detection of food hazards.Signal amplification technologies have the potential to greatly improve the analytical performance and integration of PGMs with biosensors,which is crucial for solving the challenges associated with the use of PGMs for food safety analysis.This review introduces the basic detection principle of a PGM-based sensing strategy,which consists of three key factors:target recog-nition,signal transduction,and signal output.Representative studies of existing PGM-based sensing strategies combined with various signal amplification technologies(nanomaterial-loaded multienzyme labeling,nucleic acid reaction,DNAzyme catalysis,responsive nanomaterial encapsulation,and others)in the field of food safety detection are reviewed.Future perspectives and potential opportunities and challenges associated with PGMs in the field of food safety are discussed.Despite the need for complex sample preparation and the lack of standardization in the field,using PGMs in combination with signal amplification technology shows promise as a rapid and cost-effective method for food safety hazard analysis.