Objective To study the influence of defection of Fragile X mental retardation-1 gene (FMR1) on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and to discuss its mechanism. Methods FMR1 gene of peripheral blood mononuclear cell was silenced in vitro by sodium nitrointroprusside. The effect of gene-silencing was detected using reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The specific activity of adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase was showed by the activity ratio of yield or consumption of cAMP during a unit time. Spectrophotometry was used to measure the two key enzymes (adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase), as to determining the level of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the process of cAMP metabolism. Results FMR1 gene was fully silenced by sodium nitrointroprusside at 12th, 24th and 48th hour separately, re-expressed at 72th hour. If the cultivated fluild was replaced with new sodium nitrointroprusside at 48th hour, FMR1 gene would be silenced continuously. The intracellular cAMP level in the gene silenced group was lower, and significant depression of adenylate cyclase specific activity was found in the FMR1 gene silenced group (P=0.000). No significant difference was found on phosphodiesterase specific activity (P=0.983). Conclusions The results suggest that the yield of cAMP could be influenced by defection of FMR1. The depression of adenylate cyclase activity might be one of the causes of the decrease of intracellular cAMP production.

Objective To evaluate the clinic application effects of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal difficult and complicated diseases.Methods The clinical data of 64 cases of agnogenic abdominal diseases underwent laparoscopic exploration and biopsies were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients were difficult cases to diagnose,who have one or more clinical situations,such as abdominal pain,ascites of unknown origin,abdominal mass and intestinal obstruction,and obscure hemorrhage of small intestine.Results Definite diagnosis was made in 62 patients after laparoscopy (96.9％).In patients with ascites,abdominal mass,intestinal obstruction and hemorrhage of small intestine,the definite diagnostic rate were 93.3％,100.0％,100.0％ and 6/6,respectively.The complication rate of laparoscopic exploration was 1.6％ (1/64).Underwent laparoscopic exploration,14 of 64 cases (22％) were treated by operation.Among them,8 cases (8/14) were treated by therapeutic laparoscopy,and other 6 cases (6/14) were treated by abdominal surgery without any comliactions.Conclusion Laparoscopic exploration is safe and effective in diagnosis and treatment of abdominal difficult and complicated diseases.

Renal cell carcinoma(RCC)is currently one of treatment-resistant malignancies and is not sensitive to conventional radiotherapy or chemotherapy.The effective rate of high dose of recombinant human interleukin-2(IL-2)and recombinant human interferon-α(IFN-α)was only 10%-15%.Advances in the understanding of cancer at molecular level have led to more progress in the development of anti-cancer agents.Recently,mutation of Von Hippel-Lindau(VHL),Ras,PTEN genes have been observed in RCC and the mutation can result in different expression levels of RTK.Among the newly invented medications for targeted cancer therapy,protein kinase inhibitors target intracellular molecules crucial in sighaling pathways of cancer cell survival and proliferation.Compared with conventional chemotherapy and immune therapy,targeted therapy is effective,with fewer adverse effects.According to 2009 NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in oncology,this article reviewed the clinical application of sunitinib,sorafenib,temsirolimus,and bevacizumab in the targeted therapy for renal cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of urantide on myocardial apoptosis in rats induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) or hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS ① In vivo test A rat myocardial I/R injury model was induced by ligating and untying the left anterior descending coronary artery with occlusion 30 min/reperfusion 60 min. Urantide 3, 10 and 30 μg·kg-1 was iv given 10 min before ischemia. TUNEL labeling was used for apoptosis measurement in myocardium. Immu-nohistochemical assay was used for Bcl-2 and Bax proteins expression detection. ② In vitro test An H/R cell model was set up by 3 h hypoxia/3 h reoxygenation. Urantide 0.1,1 and 10 nmol·L-1 was added just before hy-poxia, respectively. Hoechst33258 assay and flow cytometric techniques were used to detect apoptotic cells. RESULTS ① In vivo test Compared with sham group, the number of TUNEL-positive cells in I/R model group significantly increased (P<0.01) ; Bcl-2 protein expression slightly increased with no significant difference, Bax protein expression markedly increased ( P < 0. 01 ) , while Bcl-2/Bax ratio in I/R model group significantly decreased (P <0.01). Compared with I/R model group, the number of TUNEL-positive cells in urantide 10 and 30 μg·kg-1 groups was significantly decreased by about 36.6% and 57. 2% (P<0.05) ; Bax protein expression markedly decreased ( P <0.05 ) , while Bcl-2/Bax ratio was significantly augmented ( P <0.05 ). Urantide 30 u,g-kg1 also markedly increased Bcl-2 protein expression(P <0.05). ② In vitro test Compared with normal control group, the apoptosis rate in H/R model group significantly increased (P<0. 01). Hoechst33258 assay revealed that urantide 0.1, 1 and 10 nmol·L-1 reduced H/R-induced apoptotic nuclei by about 27.9% , 59.0% and 75. 4% , respectively (P <0.05). Flow cytometric techniques showed that the apoptosis rate was significantly reduced by about 32.8% and 64. 7% with administration of urantide 1 and 10 nmol·L-1 (P < 0. 01). CONCLUSION Urantide exerts an inhibitory effect on I/R or H/R-induced apoptosis by increasing Bcl-2 protein expression and decreasing Bax protein expression.

Objective To investigate the role of cell mediated immunity in HBV infection.Methods tive responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC)to hepatitis B virus antigen HBcAg,HBehg and HBsAg were studied in 20 patients with acute hepatitis B and 23 patients with chronic hepatitis B as well as 20 heath normal donrors.Results Patients with acute hepatitis B showed stronger proliferative responses of PBMC to HBV antigen than patients with chronic hepatitis B as wdl as normal donors.The responses to HBcAg and HBeAg were stronger than that to HBsAg in both acute and chronic group.It was also found that cellular pro|ifertive response,which showed no correlation with ALT level,was significantly increased in the patients with HBV DNA+or/and HBeAg+.Conclusion The results indicate that cellular immune responses to HBV antigens exist in peripheral blood of patients with hepatitis B and potentially play an essential role not only in eliminating virus but also in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B.

0.05). No procedure related complications and malignant arrhythmia were found during 6-12 months follow-up. Conclusion Intracoronary transplantation of ABMMNCs is safe and may improve the heart function.

Objective:To simultaneously determine the contents of ginsenoside Rb1 , ginsenoside Rb2 , ginsenoside Rb3 , ginsen-oside Re, ginsenoside Rg1 , ginsenoside Rf and ginsenoside Ro in Qipi pills by HPLC-QTOF-MS. Methods: The determination was performed on an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (2. 1 mm × 50 mm,2. 7 mm) with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile( A)-water(B, containing 0. 1% formic acid) with gradient elution. The flow rate was 0. 21 ml·min-1. The column temperature was 30℃. The MS instrument was equipped with an ESI+ ion source. The exacted ion chromatograms were used to determine the quantities of different compounds in the samples while the mass spectra of product ions were used for confirming the compounds. Results:All the 7 kinds of ginsenoside showed good linearity (r>0. 9993). The RSDs of precision, repeatability and stability tests were all less than 5%. The average recoveries were within the range of 97. 11%-101. 98%. Conclusion:The method is simple, rapid and reliable with high specificity, which can be used for the quality control of Qipi pills.

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT)is an important way of hepatitis B virus (HBV)transmission.Blocking the HBV MTCT has a great significance for the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B.This article reviews the current blocking strategies implemented in the antepar-tum,peripartum,and postpartum stages,and summarizes the controversies existing in the blocking strategies in different stages.The significance of HBV occult infection and germ cell transmission in the HBV MTCT is analyzed.The results indicate that the current strategies for the prevention of hepatitis B MTCT need further improvement.Attentions should be focused on HBV occult infection and germ cell transmission.

AIM To investigate the effects of apoptosis and the expression of telomerase hTERT mRNA activity of HL-60 cells treated with As 2O 3 in different concentrations. METHODS HL-60 cells was cultured with As 2O 3 in different concentrations for 48 hours, then, cell apoptosis was detected with flow cytometry and the expression of telomerase hTERT mRNA was determined with RT-PCR respectively. RESULTS The percentage of the apoptosis in HL-60 cells were 2 28%?0 40%?2 55%?0 22% and 47 57%?2 79% respectively, as the cells were treated with 0 1 ?mol?L -1,1 0 ?mol?L -1,5 0 ?mol?L -1 As 2O 3 for 48 hours. The difference was significant between 5 0 ?mol?L -1 and 0 1～1 0 ?mol?L -1 groups(P

Four macro SAS instructions of covariance analysis are worked out, and a statistical table of covariance analysis is produced with the operation of macro SAS in this paper.