Objective To study the influence of defection of Fragile X mental retardation-1 gene (FMR1) on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and to discuss its mechanism. Methods FMR1 gene of peripheral blood mononuclear cell was silenced in vitro by sodium nitrointroprusside. The effect of gene-silencing was detected using reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The specific activity of adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase was showed by the activity ratio of yield or consumption of cAMP during a unit time. Spectrophotometry was used to measure the two key enzymes (adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase), as to determining the level of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the process of cAMP metabolism. Results FMR1 gene was fully silenced by sodium nitrointroprusside at 12th, 24th and 48th hour separately, re-expressed at 72th hour. If the cultivated fluild was replaced with new sodium nitrointroprusside at 48th hour, FMR1 gene would be silenced continuously. The intracellular cAMP level in the gene silenced group was lower, and significant depression of adenylate cyclase specific activity was found in the FMR1 gene silenced group (P=0.000). No significant difference was found on phosphodiesterase specific activity (P=0.983). Conclusions The results suggest that the yield of cAMP could be influenced by defection of FMR1. The depression of adenylate cyclase activity might be one of the causes of the decrease of intracellular cAMP production.

Objective To evaluate the clinic application effects of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal difficult and complicated diseases.Methods The clinical data of 64 cases of agnogenic abdominal diseases underwent laparoscopic exploration and biopsies were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients were difficult cases to diagnose,who have one or more clinical situations,such as abdominal pain,ascites of unknown origin,abdominal mass and intestinal obstruction,and obscure hemorrhage of small intestine.Results Definite diagnosis was made in 62 patients after laparoscopy (96.9％).In patients with ascites,abdominal mass,intestinal obstruction and hemorrhage of small intestine,the definite diagnostic rate were 93.3％,100.0％,100.0％ and 6/6,respectively.The complication rate of laparoscopic exploration was 1.6％ (1/64).Underwent laparoscopic exploration,14 of 64 cases (22％) were treated by operation.Among them,8 cases (8/14) were treated by therapeutic laparoscopy,and other 6 cases (6/14) were treated by abdominal surgery without any comliactions.Conclusion Laparoscopic exploration is safe and effective in diagnosis and treatment of abdominal difficult and complicated diseases.

0.05). Radiographic analysis showed quite good results in 77 cases. Complications included delayed union in six cases, severe stiffness in one and neuropraxia in two. Conclusions Open reduction and internal fixation of intracondylar humeral fractures is a safe and effective technique. Meanwhile, triceps-split approach and olecranon osteotomy can obtain same clinical outcome for intracondylar humeral fractures.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of urantide on myocardial apoptosis in rats induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) or hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS ① In vivo test A rat myocardial I/R injury model was induced by ligating and untying the left anterior descending coronary artery with occlusion 30 min/reperfusion 60 min. Urantide 3, 10 and 30 μg·kg-1 was iv given 10 min before ischemia. TUNEL labeling was used for apoptosis measurement in myocardium. Immu-nohistochemical assay was used for Bcl-2 and Bax proteins expression detection. ② In vitro test An H/R cell model was set up by 3 h hypoxia/3 h reoxygenation. Urantide 0.1,1 and 10 nmol·L-1 was added just before hy-poxia, respectively. Hoechst33258 assay and flow cytometric techniques were used to detect apoptotic cells. RESULTS ① In vivo test Compared with sham group, the number of TUNEL-positive cells in I/R model group significantly increased (P<0.01) ; Bcl-2 protein expression slightly increased with no significant difference, Bax protein expression markedly increased ( P < 0. 01 ) , while Bcl-2/Bax ratio in I/R model group significantly decreased (P <0.01). Compared with I/R model group, the number of TUNEL-positive cells in urantide 10 and 30 μg·kg-1 groups was significantly decreased by about 36.6% and 57. 2% (P<0.05) ; Bax protein expression markedly decreased ( P <0.05 ) , while Bcl-2/Bax ratio was significantly augmented ( P <0.05 ). Urantide 30 u,g-kg1 also markedly increased Bcl-2 protein expression(P <0.05). ② In vitro test Compared with normal control group, the apoptosis rate in H/R model group significantly increased (P<0. 01). Hoechst33258 assay revealed that urantide 0.1, 1 and 10 nmol·L-1 reduced H/R-induced apoptotic nuclei by about 27.9% , 59.0% and 75. 4% , respectively (P <0.05). Flow cytometric techniques showed that the apoptosis rate was significantly reduced by about 32.8% and 64. 7% with administration of urantide 1 and 10 nmol·L-1 (P < 0. 01). CONCLUSION Urantide exerts an inhibitory effect on I/R or H/R-induced apoptosis by increasing Bcl-2 protein expression and decreasing Bax protein expression.

Objective To investigate the role of cell mediated immunity in HBV infection.Methods tive responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC)to hepatitis B virus antigen HBcAg,HBehg and HBsAg were studied in 20 patients with acute hepatitis B and 23 patients with chronic hepatitis B as well as 20 heath normal donrors.Results Patients with acute hepatitis B showed stronger proliferative responses of PBMC to HBV antigen than patients with chronic hepatitis B as wdl as normal donors.The responses to HBcAg and HBeAg were stronger than that to HBsAg in both acute and chronic group.It was also found that cellular pro|ifertive response,which showed no correlation with ALT level,was significantly increased in the patients with HBV DNA+or/and HBeAg+.Conclusion The results indicate that cellular immune responses to HBV antigens exist in peripheral blood of patients with hepatitis B and potentially play an essential role not only in eliminating virus but also in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B.

Renal cell carcinoma(RCC)is currently one of treatment-resistant malignancies and is not sensitive to conventional radiotherapy or chemotherapy.The effective rate of high dose of recombinant human interleukin-2(IL-2)and recombinant human interferon-α(IFN-α)was only 10%-15%.Advances in the understanding of cancer at molecular level have led to more progress in the development of anti-cancer agents.Recently,mutation of Von Hippel-Lindau(VHL),Ras,PTEN genes have been observed in RCC and the mutation can result in different expression levels of RTK.Among the newly invented medications for targeted cancer therapy,protein kinase inhibitors target intracellular molecules crucial in sighaling pathways of cancer cell survival and proliferation.Compared with conventional chemotherapy and immune therapy,targeted therapy is effective,with fewer adverse effects.According to 2009 NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in oncology,this article reviewed the clinical application of sunitinib,sorafenib,temsirolimus,and bevacizumab in the targeted therapy for renal cell carcinoma.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of the potent UT receptor(urotensin Ⅱ receptor,UTS2R)antagonist-urantide against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury and its probable mechanisms in rats.Methods Rat myocardial I/R injury was induced by ligating and untying the left anterior descending coronary artery.The rats were randomly assigned into 6 groups:sham group,model group,urantide 3 ?g?kg-1 group,urantide 10 ?g?kg-1 group,urantide 30 ?g?kg-1 group and Ver(Verapamil)1.6 mg?kg-1 group.All animals except sham group were subjected to 30 min of occlusion and 60 min of reperfusion.Urantide or Ver was given ten minutes before occlusion through intravenous drug perfusion.Heart rate(HR)and the ST segment change of electrocardiogram(ECG)were recorded.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA)and nitric oxide(NO),and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and nitric oxide synthase(NOS)in blood serum were measured.Infarct size(IS),as a percentage of the area at risk(AAR),was determined by Evans blue and TTC double staining.The expression of iNOS protein was detected by western blotting.Results The results demonstrated that during the process of I/R,HR decreased significantly whereas ST segment of ECG markedly elevated.After I/R,MDA content and LDH activity in blood serum increased significantly,while total NO content and total NOS activity decreased sharply.Urantide(10,30 ?g?kg-1)had no significant effect on HR changes,but could markedly inhibit the elevation of ST segment of ECG,MDA content and LDH activity,and inhibit the decline of total NO content and total NOS activity,at the same time decrease I/R induced IS/AAR.But 3 ?g?kg-1 urantide had no significant effect on above indexes.Except for this,urantide(10,30 ?g?kg-1)down-regulated the I/R induced expression of iNOS.Conclusions Our findings indicate that urantide has a protective effect against myocardial I/R injury in rats.The cardio-protective involves the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the stimulation of NO release.

AIM To investigate the effects of apoptosis and the expression of telomerase hTERT mRNA activity of HL-60 cells treated with As 2O 3 in different concentrations. METHODS HL-60 cells was cultured with As 2O 3 in different concentrations for 48 hours, then, cell apoptosis was detected with flow cytometry and the expression of telomerase hTERT mRNA was determined with RT-PCR respectively. RESULTS The percentage of the apoptosis in HL-60 cells were 2 28%?0 40%?2 55%?0 22% and 47 57%?2 79% respectively, as the cells were treated with 0 1 ?mol?L -1,1 0 ?mol?L -1,5 0 ?mol?L -1 As 2O 3 for 48 hours. The difference was significant between 5 0 ?mol?L -1 and 0 1～1 0 ?mol?L -1 groups(P

Objective To investigate clinical results of shoulder hemiarthroplasty in treating comminuted proximal humeral fractures. Methods Shoulder hemiarthroplasty was performed from May 1997 to June 2004 in 28 cases with comminuted proximal humeral fractures who were followed up for mean 2.1 years. American Shoulder & Elbow Surgeon (ASES) score was adopted for evaluating pain after operation, range of active movement and function of daily work. Results Mean ASES score was 87.9(67-96 scores), with mean forward flexion of 132?, external rotation of 40?, mean VAS score of 2.6 and internal rotation at T_ 10 level. Strength and function of 23 cases reached 80% of the normal side six months postoperatively and 90% of the normal side one year postoperatively. Of all cases, 82% were satisfied with the treatment. Conclusion Only reconstruction of normal humeral length, tuberosity fixation and persevering rehabilitation can contribute to a successful result of hemiarthroplasty for the comminuted proximal humeral fractures.

0.05).Conclusion Intracoronary transplantation of ABMMNCs may not improve the heart function of DCM with abnormal Q wave.