OBJECTIVETo explore the association of plasma level of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) with Framingham risk score in type 2 diabetic patients without vascular diseases.

METHDOSThis cross-sectional study was conducted among type 2 diabetic patients without vascular diseases recruited from 3 affiliated hospitals of Southern Medical University between March, 2010 and May, 2011, with age- and gender-matched healthy individuals as the control group. The demographic data were collected from all the participants, and the biochemical indexes and plasma levels of AOPPs were examined. The risk of cardiovascular disease in 10 years was assessed for all the participants based on their Framingham risk scores.

RESULTSA total of 112 diabetic patients and 49 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. The diabetic patients had significantly higher body mass index (BMI), blood glucose, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), plasma AOPPs and Framingham risk score but lower high-density lipoprotein level than the control subjects. Spearman correlation analysis showed that plasma level of AOPPs was positively correlated with the Framingham risk score (r=-0.44, P<0.001), and further multiple linear regression analysis suggested that plasma AOPPs level was independently correlated with the Framingham risk score (β0.305, P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONType 2 diabetic patients without vascular diseases have significantly higher plasma levels of AOPPs and are at a greater risk of cardiovascular events in 10 years than healthy individuals. Plasma AOPPs are positively correlated with the Framingham risk score, suggesting the value of plasma AOPPs level in predicting the risk of cardiovascular events in these patients.

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of tenascin in normal and fibrotic rat liver.

METHODSLiver fibrosis induced in rat with CCl(4) were divided into three stages: the stage of hepatic injury (4 weeks), early stage of hepatic fibrosis (8 weeks) and later stage of hepatic fibrosis (12 weeks). Tenascin expression in liver tissue was observed by immunohistochemical method and in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labelled DNA probe.

RESULTSIn normal rat liver there was a weak staining for tenascin. In both liver injury stage and early stage of hepatic fibrosis, both mRNA signal and immunostaining for tenascin were significantly increased as compared to that in normal liver. In later stage of hepatic fibrosis, mRNA signal and immunostaining for tenascin were decreased compared with that in early stage of hepatic fibrosis. The cellular source of tenascin in liver mainly restricted in mesenchymal cells.

CONCLUSIONSTenascin is a component of the extracellular matrix of liver tissue. Plays a role in early matrix organization during liver fibrogenesis.

Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; Disease Models, Animal ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Liver Cirrhosis ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tenascin ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore factors influencing the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) and receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in rural China.

METHODSIn-depth interviews with 20 PLHA were conducted in March 1999. Participants were recruited from the USAID-funded Longitudinal Enhanced Evaluation of ART Project, which tracks a cohort of eligible PLHA receiving treatment at five collaborating treatment centers in Guangxi Autonomous Region, China. An interview guide (semi-structured with open-ended questions) was developed to provide a qualitative examination of the quality of life of PLHA.

RESULTSParticipants identified that ART affects physical health, including the experience of pain, side effects, and opportunistic infections. ART imposes lifestyle constraints such as reduced mobility due to drug procurement, and social restrictions due to the daily drug regimen. Participants discussed the psychological burden of taking drugs, and the fear of accidental transmission to others, or having their disease status known by others, as well as optimistic feelings about their future due to ART. ART poses a significant drain on individual's economic resources due to related medical costs, and inability to seek seasonal migrant labor due to reduced mobility.

CONCLUSIONWhile China's national free ART program improved the physical health of those surveyed, their social and economic needs were left unaddressed. To improve life outcomes for PLHA, and by extension, the wider Chinese population, quality of life measures should be included when evaluating the success of the ART program.

Adult ; Anti-Retroviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; China ; Female ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quality of Life ; Rural Population ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the effect of human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA detection on cervical cancer and its precancerous lesions screening.Methods A total of 2 852 patients participated in cervical screening in Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2014 to December 2016 were enrolled.The HPV DNA testing and pathological biopsy were conducted in all patients,and the pathological examination results were defined as the gold standard.The influences of age,regions of residence (rural and urban) and obesity on the positive rate of HPV DNA were analysed.The results of HPV DNA testing in different pathological types were compared,and the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value of of HPV DNA testing were analysed,as well.Results The positive rate of HPV DNA in the 18-＜35 age group was significantly higher than that in the 35-＜50 age group and 50-58 age group,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in positive rate of HPV DNA between the 35-＜50 age group and 50-58 age group (P＞0.05).The positive rate of HPV DNA of patients in urban areas was significantly lower than that of those patients in rural areas (P＜0.05),while no statistically significant difference was found in the positive rate of HPV DNA between patients with normal weight and patients whose weight exceeded the standard (P＞0.05).Among patients with positive HPV DNA testing results,the detection rate of cervical cancer and its precancerous lesions based on pathological examination was 1.60 ％ and 28.60 ％,respectively.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and missed diagnosis rate of HPV DNA testing was 87.79％,86.98 ％,30.20 ％,99.11％ and 12.21％,respectively.Conclusion HPV DNA detection has a high sensitivity and specificity in cervical screening.

OBJECTIVEIn order to explore the existence of SARS coronavirus (Co-V) and/or its RNA in sewage of hospitals administered SARS patients.

METHODSA novel electropositive filter was used to concentrate the SARS-CoV from the sewage of two hospitals administered SARS patients in Beijing, including twelve 2,500 ml sewage samples from the hospitals before disinfection, and ten 25,000 ml samples after disinfection; as well as cell culture, RT-PCR and sequencing of gene to detect and identify the viruses from sewage.

RESULTSThere was no live SARS-CoV detected in the sewage in this study. The nucleic acid of SARS-CoV had been found in the 12 sewage samples before disinfection from both hospitals by semi-nested PCR. After disinfection, SARS-CoV RNA could only be detected from the samples from the 309th Hospital, and the others were negative.

CONCLUSIONIt provides evidence that there is no live SARS-Cov in the sewage from hospitals with SARS patients though SARS-CoV RNA can be detected.

Hospitals ; Humans ; Nucleocapsid ; analysis ; RNA, Viral ; analysis ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; SARS Virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; virology ; Sewage ; virology

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of intravesical instillation of BCG vaccine in the prevention of early recurrence of middle and high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.Methods From July 2015,patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer aged 18-75 years with informed consent were screened and underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT).Immediately intravesical instillation of epirubicin 50 mg was given postoperatively.After pathology was comfirmed,patients was enrolled in group 1 (BCG15) or group 2 (BCG 19) or the control group (epirubicin 18) randomly with SAS 9.3 software.Data of follow-up and Adverse event was collected and analyzed.Results By May 31,2019,531 patients were enrolled in the study.The drop-off rate was 20.1％.167 patients (143 males and 24 females)in group 1,172 patients (141 males and 31 females)in group2 and 84(75 males and 9 females) in the control group with follow-up data were analyzed.There were no significant differences in age,gender,BMI,ECOG score,risk stratification between the three groups (P =0.8641,P =0.2906,P =0.9384,P =0.6126).The median follow-up time makes no statistical difference between the groups (P =0.9251),12.0 (6.0,22.5) months,13.0 (6.0,22.3) months,and 13.0 (7.0,22.3) months.The median recurrence time of the three groups was 4.0 (3.0,6.0) months,4.5 (3.0,9.8) months,4.5 (3.0,8.8) months.There was no statistical difference between the three groups (P =0.2852).Risk stratification in the patients got no significant difference between the three groups (P ＞ 0.05).The 1-year recurrence-free survival rates were 80.0％ in the group 1 and 88.3％ in the group 2 and 73.7％ in the control group.The group 2 was superior to the group 1 and the control group (P =0.0281,P =0.0031).There was no significant difference between group 1 and control group (P =0.2951).There was no significant difference in the cumulative recurrence-free survival between the experimental group 1 and the experimental group 2,(95％ CI 0.80-2.43,P =0.2433).The cumulative recurrence-free survival in the group 1 and the group 2 was better than the control group (95 ％ CI 0.31-0.92,P =0.0266;95 ％ CI 0.20-0.65,P =0.0008).All the cases underwent instillation were analyzed for adverse events.The incidence of overall AE(adverse events) in group 1 was 68.5％ (152/222),the incidence of grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ AE was 53.2％ (118/222),the incidence of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ AE was 15.3％ (32/222).The incidence of overall AE in the group 2 was 71.8％ (160/223),the incidence of grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ AE was 60.1％ (134/223),and the incidence of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ AE was 11.7％ (26/223).The overall AE rate in the control group was 53.2％ (59/111),of which the incidence of grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ AE was 42.4％ (47/111),and the incidence of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ AE was 10.8％ (12/111).There was no difference in the incidence of overall AE between the group 1 and the group 2 (P =0.4497).The incidence of AE in the two experimental groups was higher than that in the control group (P =0.0062,P =0.0008).There was no difference in the incidence of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ AE between the three groups (P =0.3902).Conclusions BCG(19 instillation schedule) has a better effect on preventing recurrence after 1 year of bladder surgery,which is superior to epirubicin group.The long-term efficacy of BCG in preventing recurrence and the efficacy of different schedules need to be further followed up.The lower urinary tract symptoms,which are mainly urinary frequency,are one of the causes of case fallout and should be fouced in future.Compared with epirubicin,BCG perfusion does not increase the incidence of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ adverse reactions,and is safe to use.

Objective:To investigate the 2 years’ efficacy of intravesical instillation of domestic BCG versus epirubicin in the prevention of recurrence of intermediate-risk or high-risk non-muscular invasive bladder cancer and predictive factors of BCG instillation.Methods:From July 2015 to June 2020, 18-75 years old patients with moderate to high-risk non muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) confirmed by pathological examination were involved. The ECOG score was 0-2. Exclusion criteria included ①immune deficiency or impairment (such as AIDS), using immunosuppressive drugs or radiotherapy, suspected allergic to BCG or epirubicin or excipients of the two drugs, fever or acute infectious diseases including active tuberculosis or receiving anti tuberculosis treatment, with severe chronic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases or chronic kidney disease; ②combined with other urogenital system tumors or other organ tumors; ③combined with muscle invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma (≥T 2); ④undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy or immunotherapy within 4 weeks (immediate instillation after surgery not included); ⑤ pregnant or lactating women; ⑥ comfirmed or suspected bladder perforation; ⑦gross hematuria; ⑧cystitis with severe bladder irritation that may affect the evaluation; ⑨participat in other clinical trials within 3 months; ⑩alcohol or drug addiction; ?any risk factors that may increasing the risk of patients. Epirubicin 50 mg was irrigated immediately after the operation(TURBT or laser resection). The patients were randomly divided into BCG15 group, BCG19 group and epirubicin group by the ratio of 2∶2∶1, and the patients were maintained intravescical instillation for 1 year. The recurrence and adverse events of the three groups were compared. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to predict the risk factors of BCG irrigated therapy failure. Result:By June 15, 2020, the median follow-up duration was 22.1 months(12.1, 32.3), and there was no statistical difference between the groups ( P=0.9024). There were 274 patients enrolled in BCG19 group, 277 patients enrolled in BCG15 group and 130 patients enrolled in the epirubicin group. The drop-off rate was 16.6%(113 cases)and made no difference between groups( P=0.6222). There were no significant difference in age, gender, BMI, or ECOG score( P>0.05). During the follow-up, 116 cases was detected recurrence or progression. The recurrence rate of the three groups was 14.2% and 14.8% in BCG19 group and BCG15 group, and 27.7% in the epirubicin group. There was no difference in recurrence rate between BCG19 and BCG15 group( P=0.9464). The recurrence rate of BCG19 group was lower than that of the epirubicin group ( P=0.0017). The recurrence rate of BCG15 group was lower than that of the epirubicin group ( P=0.0020). There was no difference in the cumulative recurrence free survival rate between BCG19 and BCG15 group (95% CI0.57-1.46, P=0.7173). The cumulative recurrence free survival rate of BCG 19 group was better than that of the epirubicin group( HR=0.439, 95% CI0.26-0.74, P=0.0006), and the cumulative recurrence free survival rate of BCG15 group was better than that of the epirubicin group ( HR=0.448, 95% CI0.29-0.80, P=0.0021). The total incidence of adverse events in 19 BCG19, BCG15 and epirubicin group were 74.5%, 72.6% and 69.8% respectively. There was no difference in the incidence of adverse events between BCG19 and BCG15 group( P=0.6153). The incidence of adverse events in epirubicin group was lower than that of BCG19( P=0.0051) and BCG15( P=0.0167) groups.There was no significant difference in the incidence of serious adverse events (SAE) among the three groups ( P=0.5064). Log rank test univariate analysis and Cox risk regression model multivariate analysis showed that the history of bladder cancer recurrence( HR=6.397, 95% CI1.95-20.94, P=0.0001)was independent risk factor for BCG irrigation failure. Conclusions:The 2 years’ efficacy of intravesical instillation of domestic BCG is better than than of epirubicin with good tolerance and safety. There is no difference between BCG19 and BCG15 group. BCG doesn’t increase SAE compared with epirubicin. Recurrence status was an independent prognostic factor regarding recurrence-free survival.

Objective: Transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) was a very hot topic in the first few years since its appearance, but now more introspections and controversies on this procedure have emerged. One of the reasons why the Norwegian Ministry of Health stopped taTME was the high incidence of postoperative anastomotic leak. In current study, the incidence and risk factors of anastomotic leak after taTME were analyzed based on the data registered in the Chinese taTME Registry Collaborative (CTRC). Methods: A case-control study was carried out. Between November 15, 2017 and December 31, 2020, clinical data of 1668 patients undergoing taTME procedure registered in the CTRC database from 43 domestic centers were collected retrospectively. After excluding 98 cases without anastomosis and 109 cases without complete postoperative complication data, 1461 patients were finally enrolled for analysis. There were 1036 males (70.9%) and 425 females (29.1%) with mean age of (58.2±15.6) years and mean body mass index of (23.6±3.8) kg/m(2). Anastomotic leak was diagnosed and classified according to the International Study Group of Rectal Cancer (ISREC) criteria. The risk factors associated with postoperative anastomotic leak cases were analyzed. The impact of the cumulative number of taTME surgeries in a single center on the incidence of anastomotic leak was evaluated. As for those centers with the number of taTME surgery ≥ 40 cases, incidence of anastomic leak between 20 cases of taTME surgery in the early and later phases was compared. Results: Of 1461 patients undergoing taTME, 103(7.0%) developed anastomotic leak, including 71 (68.9%) males and 32 (31.1%) females with mean age of (59.0±13.9) years and mean body mass index of (24.5±5.7) kg/m(2). The mean distance between anastomosis site and anal verge was (2.6±1.4) cm. Thirty-nine cases (37.9%) were classified as ISREC grade A, 30 cases (29.1%) as grade B and 34 cases (33.0%) as grade C. Anastomotic leak occurred in 89 cases (7.0%,89/1263) in the laparoscopic taTME group and 14 cases (7.1%, 14/198) in the pure taTME group. Multivariate analysis showed that hand-sewn anastomosis (P=0.004) and the absence of defunctioning stoma (P=0.013) were independently associated with anastomotic leak after taTME. In the 16 centers (37.2%) which performed ≥ 30 taTME surgeries with cumulative number of 1317 taTME surgeries, 86 cases developed anastomotic leak (6.5%, 86/1317). And in the 27 centers which performed less than 30 taTME surgeries with cumulative number of 144 taTME surgeries, 17 cases developed anastomotic leak (11.8%, 17/144). There was significant difference between two kinds of center (χ(2)=5.513, P=0.019). Thirteen centers performed ≥ 40 taTME surgeries. In the early phase (the first 20 cases in each center), 29 cases (11.2%, 29/260) developed anastomotic leak, and in the later phase, 12 cases (4.6%, 12/260) developed anastomotic leak. The difference between the early phase and the later phase was statistically significant (χ(2)=7.652, P=0.006). Conclusion: The incidence of anastomotic leak after taTME may be reduced by using stapler and defunctioning stoma, or by accumulating experience.
Adult ; Aged ; Anastomotic Leak/etiology* ; Case-Control Studies ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology* ; Rectal Neoplasms/surgery* ; Rectum/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Objectives: To investigated the safety and efficacy of treating patients with acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and elevated levels of N-terminal pro-hormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) with levosimendan within 24 hours of first medical contact (FMC). Methods: This multicenter, open-label, block-randomized controlled trial (NCT03189901) investigated the safety and efficacy of levosimendan as an early management strategy of acute heart failure (EMS-AHF) for patients with NSTEMI and high NT-proBNP levels. This study included 255 patients with NSTEMI and elevated NT-proBNP levels, including 142 males and 113 females with a median age of 65 (58-70) years, and were admitted in the emergency or outpatient departments at 14 medical centers in China between October 2017 and October 2021. The patients were randomly divided into a levosimendan group (n=129) and a control group (n=126). The primary outcome measure was NT-proBNP levels on day 3 of treatment and changes in the NT-proBNP levels from baseline on day 5 after randomization. The secondary outcome measures included the proportion of patients with more than 30% reduction in NT-proBNP levels from baseline, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during hospitalization and at 6 months after hospitalization, safety during the treatment, and health economics indices. The measurement data parameters between groups were compared using the t-test or the non-parametric test. The count data parameters were compared between groups using the χ² test. Results: On day 3, the NT-proBNP levels in the levosimendan group were lower than the control group but were statistically insignificant [866 (455, 1 960) vs. 1 118 (459, 2 417) ng/L, Z=-1.25,P=0.21]. However, on day 5, changes in the NT-proBNP levels from baseline in the levosimendan group were significantly higher than the control group [67.6% (33.8%,82.5%)vs.54.8% (7.3%,77.9%), Z=-2.14, P=0.03]. There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients with more than 30% reduction in the NT-proBNP levels on day 5 between the levosimendan and the control groups [77.5% (100/129) vs. 69.0% (87/126), χ²=2.34, P=0.13]. Furthermore, incidences of MACE did not show any significant differences between the two groups during hospitalization [4.7% (6/129) vs. 7.1% (9/126), χ²=0.72, P=0.40] and at 6 months [14.7% (19/129) vs. 12.7% (16/126), χ²=0.22, P=0.64]. Four cardiac deaths were reported in the control group during hospitalization [0 (0/129) vs. 3.2% (4/126), P=0.06]. However, 6-month survival rates were comparable between the two groups (log-rank test, P=0.18). Moreover, adverse events or serious adverse events such as shock, ventricular fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia were not reported in both the groups during levosimendan treatment (days 0-1). The total cost of hospitalization [34 591.00(15 527.46,59 324.80) vs. 37 144.65(16 066.90,63 919.00)yuan, Z=-0.26, P=0.80] and the total length of hospitalization [9 (8, 12) vs. 10 (7, 13) days, Z=0.72, P=0.72] were lower for patients in the levosimendan group compared to those in the control group, but did not show statistically significant differences. Conclusions: Early administration of levosimendan reduced NT-proBNP levels in NSTEMI patients with elevated NT-proBNP and did not increase the total cost and length of hospitalization, but did not significantly improve MACE during hospitalization or at 6 months.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Aged ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; Simendan/therapeutic use* ; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction ; Heart Failure/drug therapy* ; Peptide Fragments ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Biomarkers ; Prognosis