The extensive application of radiotherapy and the long survival of patients with malignant tumors have led to an in-creased incidence rate of radiation-induced osteosarcoma (RIOS), one of the most critical radiation-induced complications. Compared with primary osteosarcoma, RIOS has higher grade and poorer prognosis, which reduces the survival of patients with cancers. However, RIOS has not been fully understood in the clinical setting. This paper summarizes the latest progress at home and abroad, focusing on the incidence rate, risk factor, latency, and diagnostic criteria of RIOS. The molecular mechanism of RIOS is associated with the muta-tion of p53, the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and the superposition of multiple alleles. Furthermore, we discuss the differences in clinical characteristics, imaging findings, treatment, and prognosis between primary osteosarcoma and RIOS.

BACKGROUND: Repetitive brief and non-lethal cerebral ischemia can produce cumulative neuronal damage and vascular dementia; however, precisely injured patterns and mechanisms are still unclear. Thalamus is an important structure of learning and memory; meanwhile, it is also one of the selectively vulnerable regions of cerebral ischemia.However, there are a few reports about neuronal damage induced by repetitive cerebral ischemia.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathological damage and mechanism of neurons induced by repetitive cerebral ischemia in thalamus.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experimental study.SETTING: Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out at the Animal Central Laboratory of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from March to December 1999. A total of 72 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, single cerebral ischemic group,repetitive cerebral ischemic group, MK-801 treatment group and saline group.METHODS: Transient global cerebral ischemia models of rats were established with modified Pulsinelli-4 vessel occluing method for single 15-minute ischemia and repetitive three 5-minute ischemia at hourly intervals,followed by 5 hours, 2 days and 4 days of survival. Rats in sham operation group were not treated with burning vertebral artery and clipping common carotid artery. 45Ca autoradiography and light microscopy were used to determine the calcium accumulation and neuronal pathological changes of thalamus following repetitive cerebral ischemia as compared with single cerebral ischemia. The effects of MK-801, a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)receptor antagonist, were also examined.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Distribution and degree of calcium accumulation and neuronal damage in the thalamus of rats in each group.RESULTS: Sham-operated rats revealed no abnormal calcium accumulation and neuronal damage in the thalamus. At 5 hours following ischemia,slightly abnormal calcium accumulation was found in the partial thalamus of the repeated ischemic group, and the neuronal damage was also relatively severer than that in the single ischemic group (0.98±0.19, 0.60±0.14, P＞ 0.05). At 2 days after ischemia, obviously abnormal calcium accumula tion and neuronal damage were shown in thalamus, and the degree of calcium accumulation and score of neuronal damage in repeated ischemic group were significantly severer than that in single ischemic group (1.62±0.31, 0.88±0.21, P ＜ 0.01). At 4 days, the thalamus calcium accumulation and neuronal damage were further increased, and also that in repeated ischemic group was significantly severer than that in single ischemic group (1.80±0.21, 1.02±0.23, P ＜ 0.01), especially marked calcium accumulation and cumulative damage were shown in the ventral thalamus. MK-801 significantly relieved the abnormal calcium accumulation and neuronal damage in the thalamus in repeated ischemic group, showing significant protection of thalamus neurons as compared with that in saline-treated group (0.20±0.12, 1.80±0.15, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Repetitive non-lethal cerebral ischemia results in an intense cumulative damage in the ventral thalamus, and the excitatory amino acid and Ca2+ may play a major role in it.

Objective In our previous work, the prevalence of anti-endothelial cell antibodies(AECA) in patients with systemic vasculitis and other autoimmune diseases was analyzed. AECA against a 47 000 endothelial cell antigen was found in patients of a variety of systemic vasculitis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It was suggested to be α-enolase by the combination of immunoblotting and proteomics methods. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that α-enolase is one of the targets of AECA, and to detect the prevalence of anti-α-enolase antibody in sera of patients with autoimmune disorders including systemic vasculitis. Methods The CDS of human Enol gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with template of human placenta λzap express Cdna library. The product was then recombined with expression vector. After expression and purification from E.coli, the recombinant protein was analyzed by mass spee-trometry. The prevalence of anti-α-enolase antibody in patients with autoimmune disorders including systemic vasculitis was tested by Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The CDS of human Enol gene was subcloned to the expression vector. Recombinant human α-enolase was expressed and purified in E.coli. The recombinant protein was demonstrated to be his-tagged human a-enolase by mass spectrometry. Results of Dot-Blot revealed that the prevalence of anti-α-enolase antibody was 76.7% in systemic vasculitis [including 74.0% in Behcet's disease (BD), 81.5% in Takayasu artefitis (TA), 62.5% in Wegener's granulomatosus (WG), 92.3% in microscopic polyangitis (MPA) and 80.0% in Churg-Stranss syndrome (CSS)], 78.3% in SLE, 63.6% in Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and 78.9% in rheumatoid arthritis(RA). No positive signals were detected in sera of normal controls or patients with polymyositis/ dermatomyositis (PM/DM). There was no statistical significance among positive rates of anti-α-enolase antibody in systemic vasculitis, SLE, SS or RA patients. The prevalence of positive signals at the most extensive level (+++～++++) was 51.7% in patients with systemic vasculitis, 33.3% in SLE, 42.9% in SS and 20.0% in RA. There was statistical significant difference between RA and systemic vasculitis. Conclusion The identification of human α-enolase as one of the targets of AECA and its prevalence in a variety of autoimmune disorders will shed some light on the understanding of the pathogenesis of vascular injury in autoimmune diseases.

Objective To observe the role of dual-source CT (DSCT) in the diagnosis of coronary artery fistula. Methods Nine patients with coronary artery fistula were examined with dual-source CT coronary artery angiography. Then the source images were post processed using volume rendering (VR), multiple planar reformation (MPR), maximum intensity projection (MIP) and curved planar reformation (CPR), and sequential segmental analysis of the intracardiac and extracardiac anomalies was performed. Results Coronary artery fistula in all the 9 patients were accurately displayed with DSCT, including 2 with left main trunk to right ventricle fistula, 7 with left main trunk and (or) left anterior descending artery to main pulmonary trunk fistula, 5 with complex coronary-pulmonary artery fistula. Conclusion Dual-source CT coronary artery angiography is convenient, fast, non-invasive, and may be the preferable method for diagnosis of coronary artery fistula.

Objective To assess intraplaque hemorrhage before carotid artery stenting (CAS)by use of 3D-MPRAGE and DWI sequence.Methods Thirty-two symptomatic patients who had carotid artery plaque suspected by color Doppler ultrasonography and prepared for CAS underwent 3.0T carotid high-resolution MR scans,including regular sequence,T1-weighted gradient echo three-di-mensional magnetization prepared (3D-MPRAGE ) sequence,diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI ) sequences.According to 3D-MPRAGE sequence hemorrhage and non-hemorrhage groups were divided,and measured the mean ADC values of the two groups, hemorrhage and non-hemorrhage part in the hemorrhage group.Meanwhile preoperative cerebral hemorrhage group underwent brain DWI scans.Independent samples t-test analysis was utilized by SPSS V20.0 statistical software.Results High-resolution MRI dis-played 40 plaques,fourteen hemorrhagic plaques showed by 3D-MPRAGE sequence.The mean ADC values of hemorrhage and no-hemorrhage group were(1 233.5±283.5)× 10 -6 mm2/s,(1 688.9 ± 449.6)× 10 -6 mm2/s respectively,the difference of both was significant (t=3.43,P <0.05).The mean ADC values of hemorrhage and non-hemorrhage parts in the hemorrhage group mean ADC values were (934.0 ± 387.9)× 10-6 mm2/s,(1 313.9 ± 295.0)× 10-6 mm2/s respectively;the difference of both was statistically significant (t=2.92,P < 0.05 ).The difference of mean ADC values between non-hemorrhage part in the hemorrhage group and hemorrhage group was statistically significant (t=2.80,P <0.05).Conclusion 3D-MPRAGE and DWI sequences can be evaluated intraplaque hemorrhage before CAS,and provided a reliable basis for timely clinical interventions to prevent stroke.

Objective To compare among three different methods in performing hepatic vascular blockade during hemihepatectomy for primary hepatic carcinoma ( PHC). Methods Between 2000 and 2005, 83 PHC patients underwent the Pringle's maneuver (Group A) , 67 cases in combination Pringle's maneuver and inferior vena cava (IVC) clamping (Group B) , and 32 cases received anatomical blood flow blockade for the half liver for hemihepatectomy ( Group C). Results Operation time in group C was longer than that in group A and B(t =3. 27、2. 74,all P

Objective:To study the relationship of expressions of E-cadherin and ?-catenin proteins and gastric mucosa intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinoma.Methods:The immunohistochemical Envision method was used to determine the expressions of E-cadherin and ?-catenin in 30 cases of simple intestinal metaplasia(SIM) ,38 cases of atypia intestinal metaplasia(AIM) and 55 cases of gastric carcinoma.Results:The reduced expression rates of E-cadherin and ?-catenin in gastric carcinoma were significantly higher than that in SIM(P0.05) .Conclusion :E-cadherin and ?-catenin proteins take part in the transformation from intestinal metaplasia to carcinoma in gastric mucosa,AIM is a kind of precancerosis of gastric carcinoma.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects caused by different doses of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DENA) on establishment of a multistep carcinogenesis model of liver cirrhosis in SD rats.MethodsFifty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n =5 ) and experimental group (n =45 ).Experimental group consisted of 3subgroups(high,median and low dosegroup ),which were intragastrically induced DENA once a week for 10 weeks,by using 70,50,35 mg/kg DENA solution,respectively.MRI was performed for inspecting pathological changes of rat livers in the following weeks.The mortality rates of different groups were calculated.The differences of the incidence of dysplastic nodule (DN)found in three groups were analyzed with Pearson Chi-square test.ResultsThe multistep carcinogenesis development from regenerative nodule (RN) to DN to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was showed in the SD rat model.Two rats in median dose group and 4 rats in high dose group died.The incidence of DNs found in 3 different groups was 20.7％ ( 6/29 ),30.6％ ( 19/62 ),14.3％ (9/63),respectively,which showed no significant difference among three groups(x2 =4.901,P ＞ 0.05).However,significant difference existed between median and high dose group( x2 =4.811,P ＜ 0.05 ).Combined with the MRI presentation,the intragastric dose of 50 mg/kg could be more appropriate among three different doses.ConclusionsThe median dose DENA could induce an ideal multistep carcinogenesis model of HCC which is suitable for investigating DN on MRI.

BACKGROUND:Nerve growth factor has been shown to play an important role in bone healing, but little is reported on the effect of growth factor composite scaffolds via the immediate implantation in the repair of canine bone defects. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the effect of nerve growth factor composite scaffolds via the immediate implantation for the repair of canine bone defects. METHODS:Nerve growth factor composited strontium apatite scaffolds were prepared. Canine mandibular defect models were established and divided into three groups, fol owed by implanted with composite scaffold (experimental group), strontium apatite (positive control group), or nothing (blank control group). The three-dimensional CT reconstruction and hematoxylin-eosin staining of canine mandibular bone defects were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the blank control group, there were few new bones surrounding bone defect. Trabecular bones spread from the defect center to the surrounding tissues in the experimental and positive control groups. The bone density, volume, thickness, and implant-bone contact were significantly increased, while the trabecular separation was significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the positive control and blank control groups (P<0.05), and al above indicators in the positive contro group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group (P<0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that in the experimental group, there were a large number of new bones that contacted with the surrounding bones closely, and trabecular bones arranged regularly. In the positive control group, newborn osteoid, trabeculare, and a smal amount of debris were found. In the blank control group, few new bones were connected with the surrounding bones untightly and trabecular bone arranged irregularly. These results indicate that the nerve growth factor composite scaffold can promote the bone regeneration in the canine bone defects after immediate implantation.

To study the chemical constituents of the branches of Tamarix rasissima, repeated silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and recrystallization were applied for chemical constituents isolation and purification. Ten phenolic compounds were isolated from the n-BuOH fraction and their structures were elucidated by physical properties and spectra analysis such as UV, ESI-MS and NMR as monodecarboxyellagic acid (1), ellagic acid (2), 3, 3'-di-O-methylellagic acid (3), 3, 3'-di-O-methylellagic acid-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), 3, 3'-di-O-methylellagic acid-4'-O-alpha-D-arabinfuranoside (5), ferulic acid (6), isoferulic acid (7), caffeic acid (8), 4-O-acetyl-caffeic acid (9), and 4-methyl-1, 2-benzenediol (10). All compounds except for isoferulic acid were isolated firstly from this plant except for isoferulic acid, and compounds 5, 9 and 10 were obtained from Tamarix genus for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Phenols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tamaricaceae ; chemistry