GDP-mannose-3', 5' -epimerase (GME), which converts GDP-mannose into GDP-L-galactose, is essential for the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid in higher plants. The molecular characterization of two GME genes from rice has been reported. Firstly,both cDNAs were isolated from the rice mature leaves using RT-PCR technique. By comparing their sequences with homologues from other plants, it was found that GME genes were highly conserved among plant species, though phylogenetic study showed that all known GMEs could be divided into two distinct groups corresponding to monocots and dicots. Secondly, the genomic organization of rice OsGME genes was investigated, and a similarity of splice patterns was revealed. Finally, the expression patterns of the two cDNAs have been studied in various tissues and under different stress conditions by semiquantitative RT-PCR assay. The results showed that the OsGME1 transcript was up-regulated in response to cold stress, and gibberellin might regulate L-ascorbic acid levels by affecting transcription of both OsGME genes.

Objective To explore the functionalternation of human cholangiocarcinoma cell line HUCCA-1 by silenc?ing Gab1 expression;to detect its effect on PI3KCA and Akt1 expression at protein and mRNA levels and to explore the role of Gab1,PI3KCA and Akt1 expressions in the malignant behavior of cholangiocarcinoma. Methods Gab1 siRNA was trans? fected into cholangiocarcinoma cell line HUCCA-1. Proliferation, apoptosis, migration/invasion of cells were examined by MTT, flow cytometry and Transwell assay respectively after transfection. PI3KCA and Akt1 expressions were detected by Western blotting and qPCR. Results Transfection efficiency was satisfactory and reaches 65%~70%;PI3KCA and Akt1 expressions were down-regulated at both protein and mRNA levels upon silencing of Gab1. Meanwhile, proliferations of HUCCA-1 cells were inhibited (P<0.01);apoptosis rate increases(P<0.05);and migration and invasion were both inhibit?ed upon Gab1 silencing(P<0.05). Conclusion The proliferation, migration and invasion are all inhibited while apoptosis is attenuated after Gab1 was down-regulated by Gab1 siRNA transfection. PI3KCA and Akt1 expressions are up-regulated with down-regulation of Gab1. Therefore, Gab1 may enhance the maglinant behavior of cholangiocarcinoma cells through up-regulating PI3KCA and Akt1 expression and it can be used as a candidate for cholangiocarcinoma therapy.

Objective: To observe the interface bonding between the coral and new bone. Methods: The block coral was implanted on rabbit calvaria subperiosteally. The specimens were observed by the scanning electron microscopy 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks after operation respectively. Results: The coral was progressively absorbed and replaced by new bone. The coral bond to bone directly. No intervening layer was found between coral and bone. Conclusion: The coral bond to bone by direct mechanical way. [

Objective To design a system for real-time monitoring patients Based on Zigbee.Methods A wireless monitoring system was developed,the hardware of which was based on micro-cpu of MCS08 and Zigbee chip MC13192.Results Through this wireless system,doctors and nurses could know the location and physical situation of patients in real time so that the patients who were critically ill could be treated in time and the work of doctors and nurses could be relieved.Conclusion The system for monitoring patients in hospital based on Zigbee meets the nosocomial condition and can raise curative efficiency.

[Objective]To investigate the prophylactic effects of intra-articular injection of salvia miltiorrhiza on joint adhesion. [Methods]Twenty-four Japanese male rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups.All right hind knees were made in this way: the auterior wall of suprapatellar bursae was scraped, the posterior wall of suprapatellar bursae and the infrapatellar fat pad were cut off. Each knee was injected with physiological saline 0.3 ml for group A, sodium hyaluronate injection 0.3 ml for group B, and salvia miltiorrhiza injection 0.3 ml for group C. All right hind knees were immobilized in the extension position with a long leg plaster cast for 4 weeks, and injected weekly.[Results]After 4 weeks, the joint movement range in group B or C was larger than that in group A (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference (P>0.05)compared to group B and group C. The scoring of joint adhesions in group B or C was smaller than that in group A (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference(P>0.05)compared to group B and group C. The scoring of histological changed of the synovial membrane in group B or C was smaller than that in group A (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference(P>0.05)compared to group B and group C.Total collagens content of the synovial membrane in group B or C was smaller than that in group A (P<0.01), while that of group C was less than in group B(P<0.01). [Conclusion]Similarly to sodium hyaluronate, salvia miltiorrhiza can effectively prevent joint adhesions.

Objective To investigate the clinical application value of hand-assistant laparoscopy and total laparoscopy in radical right colectomy.Methods Five hundred and twenty-four patients were selected as our subjects who performed by hand-assistant laparoscopic radical right colectomy (213 cases) or total laparoscopic radical right colectomy (293 cases) in colon cancer therapy.The operation durations,bleeding volumes,postoperative pain scores,postoperative draining volumes,recovery time of gastrointestinal function,hospitalization times,hospitalization expenses,postoperative complications and cosmetic satisfactory scores were recorded and compared.Results The operation durations,bleeding volumes,postoperative draining volumes in hand-assistant laparoscopic group were (112.4±52.9) min,(105.6 ± 49.5) ml,(28.6± 15.7) ml,lower than those in total laparoscopic group((148.5±61.7) min,(171.5±72.4) ml,(28.6±15.7) ml;P=0.032,0.041,0.039).The recovery time of gastrointestinal function of hand-assistant laparoscopic group were (69.4±21.8) h,longer than total laparoscopic group ((53.4 ± 21.7) h;P =0.008).The hospitalization times,hospitalization expenses,postoperative complications of hand-assistant laparoscopic group were as same as total laparoscopic group(P＞0.05).Hand-assisted laparoscopic group mild pain in 35 cases,121 cases of moderate and severe 75 cases;Total 96 cases of mild pain in laparoscopic group,146 cases of moderate and severe in 51 cases,the difference was statistically significant(P=0.027).Beauty score incision of laparoscopic group was higher than in the whole hand-assisted laparoscopic group,the difference was statistically significant ((4.3 ± 0.9) score vs.(2.4±0.6) score;P=0.002).Conclusion Hand-assistant laparoscopic radical right colectomy is convenient and more quickly for operation.Total laparoscopic radical right colectomy has advantage in terms of less injury and the patients are more satisfactory.For practiced operators,total laparoscopic radical right colectomy is recommended cosmetic satisfactory score.

Background Long-term administration of glucocorticoid drugs induces ocular hypertension in susceptible individuals probably.It has been verified that 1 1β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1),glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) can affect the generating of aqueous humor,but how they play the role in glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension is unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the relationship of expressions of 11β-HSD1 and steroids receptors in ciliary body and steroid-induced ocular hypertension.Methods Thirteen 12-16 week-old New Zealand albino rabbits were randomized to control group (5 rabbits) and experimental group (8 rabbits).Steroid-induced glaucoma models were induced by administration of subconjunctival injection of 5 mg dexamethasone solution(1 ml) and 0.5％ dexamethasone eye drops on alternate days in the left eyes for consecutive two months in the experimental group,and the equal volume of sterile normal saline solution was used in the same way in the control group.The successful criteria of model eyes was defined as rising of intraocular pressure (IOP) to ≥ 18 mmHg for over one week.Then,the animals were sacrificed by excessive anesthesia and the ciliary tissues were isolated for the assay of expressions of 1 1β-HSD1 protein by immunochemistry,and the expressions of 11β-HSD1 mRNA,GR mRNA and MR mRNA in ciliary body were semi-quantitatively detected by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR).The experimental results were compared between the two groups.Results The IOP was normal in the first two weeks after administration of drugs,and no significant difference was found in IOP between the first week and the second week in the experimental group (q =0.469,P ＞0.05).From 3 through 5 weeks after injection,the IOP was gradually elevated,with the highest value of (18.87±0.77) mmHg in the fifth week.Significant differences were seen between the two groups at mentioned-above time points (q =10.535,20.353,28.681,all at P ＜ 0.01).11β-HSD1 protein was positively expressed in nonpigmented epithelial cells of ciliary tissue of rabbits in both groups,however,the expression intensity was weaker in the experimental group compared with the control group.The relative expressional values of MR mRNA,GR mRNA and 11β-HSD1 mRNA in the ciliary tissue were 2.22±0.78,0.64±0.11 and 0.47±0.16 in the experimental group,and those in the control group were 0.94±0.27,1.88±0.74 and 2.68±1.28,with significant differences between the two groups (t =6.070,P =0.004 ; t =5.170,P =0.007 ; t =5.540,P =0.005).Conclusions Corticosteroidinduced glaucoma probably is associated with the up-regulation of MR level and down-regulations of GR and 11β-HSD1 in ciliary body.

Objective To analyze the clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) com-plicated by noncirrhotic portal hypertention (NCPH),and improve the recognition of NCPH.Methods Clinical data from SLE complicated by NCPH in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed and summarized,while the related literatures were reviewed.Results Four patients diagnosed as SLE complicated by NCPH were all women.NCPH presented with the clinical features of portal hypertension with normal or slightly elevated transaminase.Anticardiolipin (ACL) antibodies were positive in 2 patients.Two patients underwent liver needle biopsy,showing nodular regenerative hyperplasia,of which,one with liver portal fibrosis.The treatment strategy was managing the primary disorder and controling of portal hypertention in four patients.Twenty-two cases of SLE complicated by NCPH were reviewed and analyzed,including 18 cases from related literatures and our 4 cases.Among the 22 cases,the mean time between the diagnosis of SLE and NCPH was eight years,of which one patient with NCPH before SLE,one diagnosed at the same time and the rest with NCPH after SLE.19％ (4/21) of patients presented with Raynaud's phenomenon and 18％ (4/22) complicated by pulmonary hypertension.In serological tests,patients presented with positive ACL anti-bodies [33％(7/21)] and anti-dsDNA [48％(10/21)],as well as increased IgG and γ-Globulin [38％(8/21)].Liver needle biopsy showed nodular regenerative hyperplasia or liver portal fibrosis with the prevalence of 80％ (16/20) and 25％ (5/20),respectively.Conclusion SLE complicated by NCPH is very rare clinically and is easily being misdiagnosed without obvious symptoms and signs in the early stage.Positive ACL antibodies and Raynaud's phenomenon maybe be closely related to SLE complicated by NCPH.

BACKGROUND: Adipokines are secreted by adipose tissue, including a series of cytokines and chemokines. Additionally, adipokines have been found to play certain roles in pro- and anti-inflammatory regulation. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the regulatory effect of various adipokines in the inflammatory process of autoimmune response and immune diseases, thus providing the strategy for controlling and treating autoimmune diseases and searching effective indexes for assessing disease development, incidence of complications and prognosis. METHODS: CNKI and PubMed databases were retrieved for the articles addressing the role of adipokines in autoimmune diseases published from 1986 to 2016 using the keywords of adipokine, autoimmune in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Adipose tissue plays a critical role in metabolism regulation, and its effect on the immune system has emerged through a series of studies concerning adipokines regulating immune response. Adipokines exert various functions, and regulate metabolism and inflammation. In the development and occurrence of autoimmune diseases, some factors for immune responses remain unclear, and in-depth studies on adipokines will be helpful for lifting the veil of autoimmune diseases.