Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) optic nerve tracing in vivo is a technology which can reflect the axonal transport status and visual pathway connection by utilizing divalent manganese ion's transportability in axons and its characteristics of paramagnetism,and such potential optic nerve tract-tracing technique has been widely used in ophthalmologic research.Mn2+ enters the neurons through the voltage-gating Ca2+ channel and is transported by microtubule system which is not depended on cellular electric activity.However,the trans-synaptic transport of Mn2+ relies on membrane potential.Taking advantages of MEMRI,optic nerve injury-related research could be implemented.Mn2+ is an intracellular contrast agent with metal toxicity,so low dose,fractionated,targeted delivery of Mn2+ is recommended to alleviate the adverse effects of Mn2+.Herein,the mechanism of divalent manganese ion optic nerve tracing,application of MEMRI in ophthalmologic research field,drug delivery approach of divalent Mn2+ and its toxicity were summarized.

In the past few years, people have a new understanding of the mechanism of Epigenetic disease. Epigenetic modification processes involved in human disease include DNA methylation, histone acetylation and methylation, RNA-associated silencing.Epigenetic modification related with cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, transformation and tumor progression-related gene transcription. There has been a long time that the gene mutations involved in tumor formation. In recent years.more and more evidences that genetic and epigenetic modifications leading to the formation of tumors. Epigenetic modifications has also play a very important role in the formation of tumors. This article discussed the DNA methylation.histone post-translational modification anomalies and small interference RNA impact on the formation of leukemia. It provides new prospects for the treatment of leukemia.

Objective To study the influence of defection of Fragile X mental retardation-1 gene (FMR1) on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and to discuss its mechanism. Methods FMR1 gene of peripheral blood mononuclear cell was silenced in vitro by sodium nitrointroprusside. The effect of gene-silencing was detected using reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The specific activity of adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase was showed by the activity ratio of yield or consumption of cAMP during a unit time. Spectrophotometry was used to measure the two key enzymes (adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase), as to determining the level of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the process of cAMP metabolism. Results FMR1 gene was fully silenced by sodium nitrointroprusside at 12th, 24th and 48th hour separately, re-expressed at 72th hour. If the cultivated fluild was replaced with new sodium nitrointroprusside at 48th hour, FMR1 gene would be silenced continuously. The intracellular cAMP level in the gene silenced group was lower, and significant depression of adenylate cyclase specific activity was found in the FMR1 gene silenced group (P=0.000). No significant difference was found on phosphodiesterase specific activity (P=0.983). Conclusions The results suggest that the yield of cAMP could be influenced by defection of FMR1. The depression of adenylate cyclase activity might be one of the causes of the decrease of intracellular cAMP production.

Objective To investigate the effects of inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-?B) by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) on tissue pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in rats with postburn Staphylococcus aureus sepsis and its potential regulating mechanism. Methods Thirty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=6), scald control group (n=6), postburn sepsis group (n=12),and PDTC treatment group (n=10). Tissue samples from the liver, kidneys and lungs were collected to determine tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA expression as well as their protein levels. Results Both TNF-? mRNA and protein expressions in the liver, kidneys and lungs of postburn septic animals were up-regulated rapidly at 0.5-2 hours (P

Objective: To explore auxiliary diagnostic value of fragmented QRS complex on ECG for acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods: Clinical data of 102 AMI patients (AMI group) and 132 CHD patients (CHD) group, who were treated in our hospital from Apr 2013 to Apr 2014, were retrospectively studied, another 120 healthy subjects undergoing physical examination in our hospital during the same period were regarded as normal control group.AMI was diagnosed by myocardial perfusion tomography, all subjects received ECG examination, and incidence rates of fragmented QRS complex and pathological Q wave at different sites were recorded.Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of fragmented QRS complex and pathological Q wave diagnosing AMI were compared.Results: Incidence rate of fragmented QRS complex was highest on inferior wall in AMI group, and that of pathological Q wave was highest on anterior wall in AMI group.Except fragmented QRS complex in sidewall, compared with normal control group, there were significant rise in incidence rates of fragmented QRS complex on anterior wall (0.8% vs.22.5%, 13.6%) and inferior wall (6.7% vs.26.5%, 17.4%);pathological Q wave on anterior wall (0 vs.41.2%, 29.5%), inferior wall (0.8% vs.40.2%, 35.6%) and side wall (0 vs.2%, 2.3%) in AMI group and CHD group, P<0.01 all.Compared with pathological Q wave, there was significant rise in diagnosing sensitivity for AMI (40.00% vs.89.47%), for CHD (41.94% vs.91.50%) of fragmented QRS complex (P<0.01 both), but there were no significant difference in specificity and accuracy between them (P>0.05 all).Conclusion: Fragmented QRS complex can be used as an important auxiliary index diagnosing acute myocardial infarction.When combined with pathological Q wave, it can further improve diagnostic value of ECG for acute myocardial infarction.

[Objective] To evaluate the effect of Tiepi Fengdou Granule(TFG) as adjuvant treatment in cancer patients during chemotherapy.[Methods] Twenty patients were treated with TFG,and then we added up integral calculus of Yin Deficiency symptoms,tested blood routine,hepatic and renal function and subgroup of T-cell and NK cell.[Results] The Yin Deficiency symptoms of 7 cases(35%) were improved significantly,and 13 cases were partly improved(65%).Each integral calculus of Yin Deficiency symptoms was descended.The tested blood routine,hepatic function and subgroup of T-cell and NK cell were changed significantly.[Conclusions] TFG could control the symptoms of Yin Deficiency and improve immune function for cancer chemotherapy patients.

The responsibility system of attending doctors plays a positive role in raising hospital efficiency and optimizing medical resources deployment.For the change in the subject of medical liabilities following the introduction of this system,medical management needs to shift from department management to doctor management instead.In the meantime,appropriate rules and regulations are needed to normalize the roles and behavior of the medical office,department heads,and attending doctors in medical activities.This will ensure the successful operation of this responsibility system,and generate ideal medical,economic and social outcomes.

[Objective]To review the effect of treatment in chronic kidney disease and its preparation of Cordyceps sinensis. [Methods] By searching and reading the literature, to study the therapeutic effects of Cordyceps sinensis and its preparation on chronic kidney disease.[Results] Cordyceps and its prepa-ration could significantly decrease the proteinuria in patients with chronic kidney disease, serum creatinine level, significant improvement in renal fibrosis, and delay the progression of renal function. [Conclusion] Cordyceps and its preparation have obvious curative effect on chronic kidney disease.

11? Hydroxysterold dehydrogenases (11?-HSDs )catalyse the interconversion of active glucocorticoids(cortisol,corticosterone )and their inert 11?-keto derivatives(cortisone,11-dehydrocorticosterone)They play an important role in regulating the local glucocorticoids activities.Glucoeorticoids can induce insulin resistance.The alteration of 11?-HSD activities in tissues such as liver ,adipose tissue, is closely relevant to some common disorders,including obesity and type 2diabetes mellitus.

mia and hypertension are the major risk factors for occurrence of diabetic retinopathy.High UA may be also associated with occurrence of diabetic retinopathy.