Books ; Language ; Linguistics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Translations

Cloning and identification of differentially expressed genes or proteins is helpful not only for finding the functions of genes and proteins, but also for discovery of the mechanism of some diseases. Some methods have been developed for screening differentially expressed genes, such as differential display RT-PCR (DDRT PCR), subtractive hybridization (SH), DNA chip technique, and serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). In subtractive hybridization, there have advanced three improved methods which include representational difference analysis (RDA), suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), and full-length-gene-obtainable subtractive hybridization. For obtaining differentially expressed proteins, scientists have only two choices so far. One is two-dimentional gel electrophoresis. The other is phage display antibody repertoire library technique. Since all of the methods above have their own advantages and disadvantages, they should be used according to different needs.screening, differentially expressed genes, differentially expressed proteins

Several important issues about internal strength massage and Shaolin Internal Qigong were discussed in this article, which verified the following aspects:Shaolin Internal Qigong was written into the massage textbook formally in 1960; Special material Shaolin Internal Qigong was first proposed in 1963; Internal strength massage schools were first proposed in 1979's National Massage Symposium. The author holds that Shaolin Internal Qigong is not the Kungfu from Shaolin Temple, and it has nothing to do with Dharma; Shaolin Internal Qigong of Massage exercises belongs to external Gong, the internal Qigong content of Xingqi Neishi need to be excavated; The method of stick-beating with mulberry stick of Internal Strength Massage is closely related to the patting method of Yi Jin Jing school in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and Zhen Ting method ofThe Golden Mirror of Medicine.

Objective To assess the influence of timing of tracheostomy performed on ICU patientswith mechanical ventilation support for long-term.Methods A retrospective study was carried out in 94 patients under mechanical ventilation support with tracheostomy from January 2012 to October 2014.The patients were divided into early stage group (group A) in which the tracheostomy was done within 7 days after endotracheal intubation and late stage group (group B) in which the tracheostomy was performed at above 7 days after endotracheal intubation.The differences in lengths of mechanical ventilation support (MVS),ICU stay,and hospital stay,incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and mortality were compared between two groups using nonparametric statistics.Results Compared with group B,there were statistically significant reduction in duration of mechanical ventilation (7d vs.17 d;P ＜ 0.05),shorter length of ICU stay (10 d vs.19 d;P ＜ 0.05),and lower incidence of VAP (21.05％ vs.36.84％;P ＜ 0.05) in group A.There were no significant differences in hospital stay and mortality between two groups (P ＞0.05).There was a correlation between the duration of mechanical ventilation and timing of tracheostomy (R2 =0.680) and a correlation between the length of ICU stay and the timing of tracheostomy (R2 =0.662) was found.Conclusions Early tracheostomy has a significant positive impact on critically ill patients hospitalized in this ICU.These results support the tendency to balance the risk-benefit analysis in favor of early tracheostomy.

Objective To evaluate the risk factors for surgical site infection(SSI)following ankle joint and Pilon fracture surgery,and provide theoretical basis for the prevention of postoperative SSI.Methods Clinical data of pa-tients who underwent ankle joint and Pilon fracture surgery in a hospital between June 2005 to May 2013 were sur-veyed retrospectively,risk factors for SSI were analyzed.Results Among 356 patients with ankle joint and Pilon fracture surgery,22 developed 25 times of SSI,SSI rate was 6.18%,case infection rate was 7.02%.Univariate analysis showed that elderly patients (> 60 years old),history of diabetes,pre-operative calcaneal traction, perioperative irrational antimicrobial use,incision type,and long duration of operation (>3 h)were risk factors for SSI following ankle joint and Pilon fracture surgery (all P <0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for SSI were incision type(OR,3.58[95%CI ,3.24-12.07]),history of diabetes (OR,2.75[95%CI ,1 .54-4.75]),duration of operation(OR,2.15[95%CI ,1 .32-3.64]),and patients age(OR, 1 .68[95%CI ,1 .25-2.37]).Conclusion Occurrence of SSI following ankle joint and Pilon fracture surgery is related to multiple factors,corresponding prevention and control measures should be taken to reduce the occurrence of SSI.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of clinical application in diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) by prostate biopsy guided by rectal ultrasound contrast guided biopsy.Methods One hundred and ninety-eight patients with prostate in Punan Hospital of Pudong New District of Shanghai were investigated.According to different detection methods, the research objects were divided into two groups, the patients were performed with the ultrasound contrast guided biopsy as the imaging group (n =96), the patients with Doppler ultrasound guided biopsy as the ultrasonic group(n =102).The puncture Results were compared with pathological diagnosis.The positive rate of PCa and number of puncture needle were compared with the two puncture methods.The value of the application of the prostate biopsy guided by rectal ultrasound in diagnosis of prostate cancer was evaluated.Result One hundred and ninety-eight patients were all received pathological diagnosis,78 cases benign lesions, 120 cases were diagnosed as PCa.Thirty-six cases of benign lesions were confirmed by pathological biopsy, 60 case PCa.There were 42 cases of benign lesions in ultrasonic group, 60 case PCa.The positive rate of PCa in the imaging groupwas 62.5％ (60/96), the ultrasonic group was 58.82％ (60/102).There was no difference in Pca positive rate between the ultrasound group and the contrast group(x2 =0.104, P=0.747).The positive number of Pca in the imaging group was 28.50％ (17/60), the difference was statistically significant higher than that of the common group(18.80％ (11/60), P =0.001).The average of the patients in the imaging group was 8.19 needle,less than the ultrasonic group per capita 11.31 needle less.When f/tPSA less than or equal to 0.15, Pca positive rate of the contrast group was 46.55％ (27/55), higher than the ultrasonic group(9.30％ (4/43)), the difference was statistically significant (P =0.001);when f/tPSA more than 0.15, the positive rate of Pca in the contrast group was 92.11％ (35/38), less than the ultrasound group (94.92 (56/59)), the difference was not statistically significant (P =0.89).Anal pain, hematuria and hematochezia in contrast group (7.29％ (7/96), 2.08％ (2/96), 10.42％ (10/96)) were significantly less than the ultrasound group(22.55％ (23/102), 8.82％ (9/102), 23.53％ (24/102)), the difference was statistically significant (P =0.003,0.039,0.014).Conclusion Under the guidance of ultrasound contrast, rectal biopsy has important diagnostic value for prostate cancer.Under the premise of reducing the number of puncture needle,can improvethe positive rate of Pca, reduce the pain of patients and the occurrence of complications after puncture.When f/tPSAless than or equal to 0.15,puncture positive rate in contrast group is higher than the ultrasonic group, puncture effect is better.

Objective: To explore the role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II δ (CaMK-II δ) in doxorubicin (DOX) induced cardio-toxicity in experimental rats.
Methods:①The rat’s cardiomyocytes were treated by DOX and the cell proliferation, protein expression and activity of CaMK-II δ were examined.②CaMK-II δ gene was knocked out by CRISPR method, the changes of DOX induced cell apoptosis and NF-κb activity and miR-146a expression were detected.
Results: DOX could inhibit cardiomyocyte proliferation, the protein expression level of CaMK-II δ was similar and the activity was increased. CRISPR method may effectively knock out CaMK-II δ gene. Compared with normal cells, the cells from CaMK-II δ knocked out rats had decreased sensitivity to DOX induction, suppressed NF-κb activation and miR-146a up-regulation.
Conclusion: CaMK-II δ participated in DOX induced cardio-toxicity in experimental rats and NF-κb and miR-146a were involved in this process.

Objective To investigate the expressions of minichromosome maintenance protein 5 (MCM5)and P1 6 INK4A gene and protein in cervical squamous cell cancer (SCC),cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)and normal tissues.Methods Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used respectively to detect the expression levels of mRNA and protein of MCM5 and P1 6 INK4A in 40 cases of cervical cancer,1 1 cases of CIN I,1 5 cases of CIN Ⅱ - Ⅲ and 1 5 cases of normal cervical tissues.Results ① The expression levels of mRNA and protein of MCM5 and P1 6 INK4A in tissues of cervical squamous cell cancer were significantly higher than those in normal cervical tissues,CIN I and CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ tissues (P <0.05).The expression level of P1 6 INK4A was significantly higher in tissues of cervical squamous cell cancer than in normal cervical tissues and CIN I tissues (P < 0.01 ). However,it did not differ from that in CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ tissues (P >0.05 ).② The high expression of MCM5 mRNA and protein in cervical squamous cell carcinoma was positively correlated with clinical stage and differentiation grade of cervical cancer (P <0.01),but not correlated with age (P >0.05).P1 6 INK4A expression exhibited no correlation with clinical stage or age of patients (P >0.05),but positive correlation with differentiation grade (P <0.01).③ A positive correlation was found between MCM5 and P1 6 INK4A expressions in cervical cancer (r = 0.538,P <0.01).Conclusion The over-expressions of MCM5 and P1 6 INK4A may play an important role in the carcinogenesis and progression of cervical cancer.MCM5 may be used as a new marker of the proliferation of cervical cancer. Detection of P1 6 INK4A and MCM5 is of great significance to studying the grade and outcome of CIN,which may improve the rate of cervical cancer screening.

Objective To observe the role of dual-source CT (DSCT) in the diagnosis of coronary artery fistula. Methods Nine patients with coronary artery fistula were examined with dual-source CT coronary artery angiography. Then the source images were post processed using volume rendering (VR), multiple planar reformation (MPR), maximum intensity projection (MIP) and curved planar reformation (CPR), and sequential segmental analysis of the intracardiac and extracardiac anomalies was performed. Results Coronary artery fistula in all the 9 patients were accurately displayed with DSCT, including 2 with left main trunk to right ventricle fistula, 7 with left main trunk and (or) left anterior descending artery to main pulmonary trunk fistula, 5 with complex coronary-pulmonary artery fistula. Conclusion Dual-source CT coronary artery angiography is convenient, fast, non-invasive, and may be the preferable method for diagnosis of coronary artery fistula.

Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a member of the IL-10 family, which exhibits a similar structure and immune function with IL-10. IL-22 is mainly secreted by Th22, Th1, and Th17 cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), and γδT and NKT cells. IL-22 is mainly in-volved in autoimmune diseases, malignant tumors, and infective diseases. As such, studies have focused on the function of IL-22 cyto-kine in the pathogenesis of various malignant tumors. Studies revealing the expression and pathogenesis of IL-22 in malignant tumors possibly provide a new method to treat and prevent malignant tumors. In our study, the discovery, structural characteristics, and func-tions of IL-22 in malignant tumors are reviewed.