Books ; Language ; Linguistics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Translations

Cloning and identification of differentially expressed genes or proteins is helpful not only for finding the functions of genes and proteins, but also for discovery of the mechanism of some diseases. Some methods have been developed for screening differentially expressed genes, such as differential display RT-PCR (DDRT PCR), subtractive hybridization (SH), DNA chip technique, and serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). In subtractive hybridization, there have advanced three improved methods which include representational difference analysis (RDA), suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), and full-length-gene-obtainable subtractive hybridization. For obtaining differentially expressed proteins, scientists have only two choices so far. One is two-dimentional gel electrophoresis. The other is phage display antibody repertoire library technique. Since all of the methods above have their own advantages and disadvantages, they should be used according to different needs.screening, differentially expressed genes, differentially expressed proteins

Several important issues about internal strength massage and Shaolin Internal Qigong were discussed in this article, which verified the following aspects:Shaolin Internal Qigong was written into the massage textbook formally in 1960; Special material Shaolin Internal Qigong was first proposed in 1963; Internal strength massage schools were first proposed in 1979's National Massage Symposium. The author holds that Shaolin Internal Qigong is not the Kungfu from Shaolin Temple, and it has nothing to do with Dharma; Shaolin Internal Qigong of Massage exercises belongs to external Gong, the internal Qigong content of Xingqi Neishi need to be excavated; The method of stick-beating with mulberry stick of Internal Strength Massage is closely related to the patting method of Yi Jin Jing school in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and Zhen Ting method ofThe Golden Mirror of Medicine.

Objective To assess the influence of timing of tracheostomy performed on ICU patientswith mechanical ventilation support for long-term.Methods A retrospective study was carried out in 94 patients under mechanical ventilation support with tracheostomy from January 2012 to October 2014.The patients were divided into early stage group (group A) in which the tracheostomy was done within 7 days after endotracheal intubation and late stage group (group B) in which the tracheostomy was performed at above 7 days after endotracheal intubation.The differences in lengths of mechanical ventilation support (MVS),ICU stay,and hospital stay,incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and mortality were compared between two groups using nonparametric statistics.Results Compared with group B,there were statistically significant reduction in duration of mechanical ventilation (7d vs.17 d;P ＜ 0.05),shorter length of ICU stay (10 d vs.19 d;P ＜ 0.05),and lower incidence of VAP (21.05％ vs.36.84％;P ＜ 0.05) in group A.There were no significant differences in hospital stay and mortality between two groups (P ＞0.05).There was a correlation between the duration of mechanical ventilation and timing of tracheostomy (R2 =0.680) and a correlation between the length of ICU stay and the timing of tracheostomy (R2 =0.662) was found.Conclusions Early tracheostomy has a significant positive impact on critically ill patients hospitalized in this ICU.These results support the tendency to balance the risk-benefit analysis in favor of early tracheostomy.

Objective To evaluate the risk factors for surgical site infection(SSI)following ankle joint and Pilon fracture surgery,and provide theoretical basis for the prevention of postoperative SSI.Methods Clinical data of pa-tients who underwent ankle joint and Pilon fracture surgery in a hospital between June 2005 to May 2013 were sur-veyed retrospectively,risk factors for SSI were analyzed.Results Among 356 patients with ankle joint and Pilon fracture surgery,22 developed 25 times of SSI,SSI rate was 6.18%,case infection rate was 7.02%.Univariate analysis showed that elderly patients (> 60 years old),history of diabetes,pre-operative calcaneal traction, perioperative irrational antimicrobial use,incision type,and long duration of operation (>3 h)were risk factors for SSI following ankle joint and Pilon fracture surgery (all P <0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for SSI were incision type(OR,3.58[95%CI ,3.24-12.07]),history of diabetes (OR,2.75[95%CI ,1 .54-4.75]),duration of operation(OR,2.15[95%CI ,1 .32-3.64]),and patients age(OR, 1 .68[95%CI ,1 .25-2.37]).Conclusion Occurrence of SSI following ankle joint and Pilon fracture surgery is related to multiple factors,corresponding prevention and control measures should be taken to reduce the occurrence of SSI.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of clinical application in diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) by prostate biopsy guided by rectal ultrasound contrast guided biopsy.Methods One hundred and ninety-eight patients with prostate in Punan Hospital of Pudong New District of Shanghai were investigated.According to different detection methods, the research objects were divided into two groups, the patients were performed with the ultrasound contrast guided biopsy as the imaging group (n =96), the patients with Doppler ultrasound guided biopsy as the ultrasonic group(n =102).The puncture Results were compared with pathological diagnosis.The positive rate of PCa and number of puncture needle were compared with the two puncture methods.The value of the application of the prostate biopsy guided by rectal ultrasound in diagnosis of prostate cancer was evaluated.Result One hundred and ninety-eight patients were all received pathological diagnosis,78 cases benign lesions, 120 cases were diagnosed as PCa.Thirty-six cases of benign lesions were confirmed by pathological biopsy, 60 case PCa.There were 42 cases of benign lesions in ultrasonic group, 60 case PCa.The positive rate of PCa in the imaging groupwas 62.5％ (60/96), the ultrasonic group was 58.82％ (60/102).There was no difference in Pca positive rate between the ultrasound group and the contrast group(x2 =0.104, P=0.747).The positive number of Pca in the imaging group was 28.50％ (17/60), the difference was statistically significant higher than that of the common group(18.80％ (11/60), P =0.001).The average of the patients in the imaging group was 8.19 needle,less than the ultrasonic group per capita 11.31 needle less.When f/tPSA less than or equal to 0.15, Pca positive rate of the contrast group was 46.55％ (27/55), higher than the ultrasonic group(9.30％ (4/43)), the difference was statistically significant (P =0.001);when f/tPSA more than 0.15, the positive rate of Pca in the contrast group was 92.11％ (35/38), less than the ultrasound group (94.92 (56/59)), the difference was not statistically significant (P =0.89).Anal pain, hematuria and hematochezia in contrast group (7.29％ (7/96), 2.08％ (2/96), 10.42％ (10/96)) were significantly less than the ultrasound group(22.55％ (23/102), 8.82％ (9/102), 23.53％ (24/102)), the difference was statistically significant (P =0.003,0.039,0.014).Conclusion Under the guidance of ultrasound contrast, rectal biopsy has important diagnostic value for prostate cancer.Under the premise of reducing the number of puncture needle,can improvethe positive rate of Pca, reduce the pain of patients and the occurrence of complications after puncture.When f/tPSAless than or equal to 0.15,puncture positive rate in contrast group is higher than the ultrasonic group, puncture effect is better.

Adult ; Burns, Chemical ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Nitriles ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; etiology

Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a member of the IL-10 family, which exhibits a similar structure and immune function with IL-10. IL-22 is mainly secreted by Th22, Th1, and Th17 cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), and γδT and NKT cells. IL-22 is mainly in-volved in autoimmune diseases, malignant tumors, and infective diseases. As such, studies have focused on the function of IL-22 cyto-kine in the pathogenesis of various malignant tumors. Studies revealing the expression and pathogenesis of IL-22 in malignant tumors possibly provide a new method to treat and prevent malignant tumors. In our study, the discovery, structural characteristics, and func-tions of IL-22 in malignant tumors are reviewed.

[Summary] Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major chronic microvascular complications of diabetes ,which is the leading cause of end‐stage renal disease ,as well as the main cause of death in diabetic patients. Glomerular endothelial cell is an important component of the glomerular filtration barrier ,which is directly related to the materials of circulation ,and it can be easily damaged by glucose ,lipid and inflammatory factors. Under the hyperglycemia ,the PKC pathway ,the polyol pathway and oxidative stress were activated ,producing an excess of advanced glycation end products and reactive oxygen species ,which damage the endothelial nitric oxide synthase ,reduce the generation of nitric oxide ,while produce a large number of Ang Ⅱ. Ang Ⅱ damage the endothelial cell. In addition ,there are crosstalk between glomerular endothelial cells and endothelial cells ,which also cause endothelial cell injury. Here ,we reviewed the role of endothelial cell injury in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.

AIM To study the effects of Lotusine(Lot), a pure alkaloid extracted from the green seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, on the action potentials(APs) in myocardium and slow inward current(Isi) in cardiac Purkinje fibers(PF). METHODS standard microelectrode and two microelectrodes voltage clamp techniques were used. RESULTS Lot 1～100 ?mol?L -1 could concentration dependently prolonged APD 20 and APD 90 of fast AP and increase the contractile force(Fc) in guinea pig papillary muscles. In papillary muscles pretreated with reserpine, similar results were also observed but the effect of Lot was weaker than those pretreated without reserpine. In guinea pig left atria, Lot 30 ?mol?L -1 could partly antigoniste the shortening APD effect of acetylcholine. Lot 3～100 ?mol?L -1 could enhance the action potential amplitude(APA)and maximal velocity of phase 0 depolarization ( V max ) of slow AP of papillary muscles induced by high K + (24 mmol?L -1 )and isolated sinoatral node(SAN) pacemaker cells of rabbits with dose dependent manner,But not obvousely short the sinus cycle length of SAN. Moreover, Lot increased the Isi of in canin cardiac PF with with time dependent and dose dependent manner. CONCLUSION The results suggest that Lot has effect of prolongation of APD and increase of Ca 2+ influx and these are very important in contribution to its positive inotropic effect, which may be related to inhibition of phosphodiesterase Ⅲ.