Adolescent ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Infant ; Interleukin-12 ; genetics ; Interleukin-13 ; genetics ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

The essence of endogenous turbidity in Chinese medicine (CM) is different from cream, fat, phlegm, retention, damp, toxicity, and stasis. Along with the development of modern scientific technologies and biology, researches on the essence of endogenous turbidity should keep pace with the time. Its material bases should be defined and new connotation endowed at the microscopic level. The essence of turbidity lies in abnormal functions of zang-fu organs. Sugar, fat, protein, and other nutrient substances cannot be properly decomposed, but into semi-finished products or intermediate metabolites. They are inactive and cannot participate in normal material syntheses and decomposition. They cannot be transformed to energy metabolism, but also cannot be synthesized as executive functioning of active proteins. If they cannot be degraded by autophagy-lysosome or ubiquitin-prosome into glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, and other basic nutrients to be used again, they will accumulate inside the human body and become endogenous turbidity. Therefore, endogenous turbidity is different from final metabolites such as urea, carbon dioxide, etc., which can transform vital qi. How to improve the function of zang-fu organs, enhance its degradation by autophagy-lysosome or ubiquitin-prosome is of great significance in normal operating of zang-fu organs and preventing the emergence and progress of related diseases.
Autophagy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex

OBJECTIVETo explore the indication of hysterectomy after successful resuscitation of cardiac arrest due to obstetric hemorrhagic shock.

METHODSA retrospective analysis was conducted in 13 patients with cardiac arrest due to obstetric hemorrhagic shock in 7 hospitals of Guangzhou, including 12 patients undergoing hysterectomy and 1 undergoing uterine artery embolization.

RESULTSs After successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation, only 4 of the 13 patients undergoing hysterectomy or uterine artery embolization for continuing uterus hemorrhage survived.

CONCLUSIONDetailed plans and emergency measures should be formulated in the management of high-risk pregnancies. Early diagnosis and active treatment of obstetric hemorrhagic shock with hysterectomy or uterine artery embolization are critical in preventing cardiac arrest and improving the survival of the patients.

Adult ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Female ; Heart Arrest ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Postpartum Hemorrhage ; surgery ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; etiology ; therapy ; Young Adult

Objective　To study the expressions of some apoptosis related to genes in lung tissues and their relationship to the pathogenesis in rats to hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH). Methods　A total of 60 rats were employed and equally divided into 5 groups, i.e. control, HPH, hemin, Tin Protoporphyrin (Snpp) and low concentration CO groups. Of them, the rats from middle 3 groups were treated with hypoxia under normal pressure for 7 h in every day, 3 weeks except Sunday. Hemin and Tin Protoporphyrin (Snpp) were given half an hour before hypoxia while low concentration CO after 2 h of hypoxia. The expression of bcl-2, bax, Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) were detected with immunohistochemical staining, in situ cell death detection, DNA fragment detection, and in situ hybridization. Results　In low concentration CO and hemin group, typical DNA ladder bands and apoptotic cells were found in lung tissues, and the expressions of Fas, FasL, bax, and bcl-2 mRNA were increased in the epithelial cells of alveoli, vascular and bronchial walls. And the expression of bcl-2 mRNA was decreased than in hypoxic group. Conclusion　CO can regulate the expression of bcl-2, bax, Fas and FasL, these apoptotic genes may involve in the regulation of cell apoptosis of lung tissues under HPH and play important roles in the genesis and development of chronic obstructive lung disorders.

BACKGROUNDTanis was reported as a putative receptor for serum amyloid A (SAA) involving glucose regulated protein in insulin regulated resistance. It was found to be dysregulated in diabetic rats (Psammomys obesus, Israeli sand rat) and its homologue for humans is SelS/AD-015. The present study analyzed mRNA expression of SelS in omental adipose tissue biopsies from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and age- and weight-matched nondiabetic patients, the relationship of SelS mRNA with Homa-IR and serum SAA level.

METHODSHuman omental adipose tissues from ten cases of type 2 diabetic patients and twelve cases of nondiabetic individuals were analyzed for the expression level of SelS mRNA by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Homa-IR estimated by standard formula and SAA level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTSSelS mRNA expression, Homa-IR and serum SAA were higher in T2DM sufferers than in nondiabetic control group. SelS mRNA level was positively correlated with Homa-IR and SAA level in each group.

CONCLUSIONSSelS protein may be involved in insulin resistance in Chinese with T2DM by acting as the SAA receptor, thus playing an important role in the development of T2DM and atherosclerosis.

Adipose Tissue ; metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Base Sequence ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Omentum ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Selenoproteins ; genetics ; Serum Amyloid A Protein ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects and the related mechanisms of the components of Dang-Gui-Bu-Xue decoction (DGBXD) on improving blood deficiency.

METHODThe effects of promoting hematopoietic function were observed with the blood difficient model mice, by giving components of DGBXD. RBC, WBC, reticulocytes and bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNC) were determined. The components of DGBXD on proliferation of BMNC and on clony forming unit (CFU) were also determined.

RESULTThe components of DGBXD remarkably increased the quantity of RBC, WBC, and BMNC. Some of the components promoted the proliferation of BMNC and increased the quantity of CFU-Mix. Among them, polysaccharide of angelica was most potent.

CONCLUSIONThe studies show that the extracts and some components of DGBXD can promote the hemopoietic function system of the model mice, and they exert the effects in a comprehensive way.

Angelica sinensis ; chemistry ; Animals ; Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; Blood Cell Count ; Bone Marrow Cells ; drug effects ; Colony-Forming Units Assay ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

In previous study, molecular typing method was performed to identify human enteroviruses (HEVs) isolates collected from acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases from 1989 to 2011 and hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) patients, and 8 HEV-A serotypes were identified. In order to explore the genotypes and molecular evolution characteristics of HEV-A in Shandong province, viral RNA of the remaining isolates was extracted and entire VP1 coding region was amplified, sequenced and identified with HEV-A primers. Another 7 HEV-A Shandong isolates were obtained, and identified as Coxsackievirus A (CVA) 2, 6, 8 and 12 by molecular typing method. Homologous comparison showed that the nucleotide acid identities of Shandong strains ranged from 80.8% to 85.0% with prototype strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on VP1 sequences indicated that CVA8 and CVA12 strains were genetically related with domestic strains. However, CVA2 and CVA6 strains were distinct from both domestic and foreign strains. In addition, multiple transmission chains of CVA2 and CVA6 existed within Shandong province. So far, a total of 12 HEV-A serotypes were identified in Shandong province. This study enriched the distribution of serotypes and genetic evolution characteristics of HEV-A isolates in Shandong, and revealed different transmission chains of CVA2, 6, 8, 12 serotypes co-circulated in Shandong province or in China.
Child, Preschool ; China ; Enterovirus A, Human ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Enterovirus Infections ; virology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny

Objective To analyze the evolution and genetic characterization of echovirus 11 (Echo11 ) from the acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases in Shandong province. Methods Isolation of Enterovirus was performed from stool samples of AFP cases from 1994 to 2009. All positive strains were sero-typed by neutralization test. Entire VP1 coding region from 27 strains typed as Echo 11 was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), and subsequently phylogenetic analyse on VP1 sequences from these strains and others published in GenBank were conducted. Results From 1994 to 2009, altogether 915 non-polio enterovirus (NPEV) strains were isolated with 79(8.6% ) isolates serotyped as Echo11. There were 876 nucleotides (nt) in the complete VP1 genes, encoding 292 amino acids (aa). The nt identities were 76.4%-100.0% among those Echo11 Shandong strains with the aa identities as 91.4% -100.0%. The nt and aa identities were 77.7%-80.7% and 90.7%-94.8% between Shandong strains and prototype strains, respectively.Conclusion All Echo11 strains could be divided into four genotypes. Shandong strains that forming three (A1, A2 and C1) new sub-genotypes, with every sub-genotype had several brands.Sub-genotype A1 appeared to be the lately circulating one.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of Oldenlandia diffusa.

METHODThe column chromatography with polyamide Sephadex LH -20, silica gel as packing materials and HPLC, were used to separate and purify the chemical components. The structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data.

RESULTNine compounds were isolated and identified as 2, 6-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-3-methylanthraquinone (1), 2-hydroxy-1-methoxy-3-methylanthraquinone (2), 2-hydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone (3), quercetin-3-O-[2-O-(6-O-E-sinapoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-beta-glucopyranoside (4), quercetin-3-O-[2-O-(6-O-E-feruloyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-beta-glucopyranoside (5), kaempferol-3-O-[2-O-(6-O-E-feruloyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-beta-galactopyranoside (6), quercetin-3-O-(2-O-beta-D-glucop-yranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), rutin (8) and quercertin (9).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1 and 8 were obtained from this plant for the first time, and compound 1 was a new compound.

Anthraquinones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Oldenlandia ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Rutin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Molecular typing was conducted for three human enteroviruses (HEV) isolated from acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases in Shandong province, China. RNAs from virus supernatants were extracted and complete VP1 genes were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Genotypes of these isolates were identified as HEV type 73, 75 and 97, respectively by BLAST program. Homology and phylogenetic tree analyses were performed. Sequence analysis of VP1 gene showed significant variation compared with prototype strains. This study presents the genetic characteristics of HEV 73, 75 and 97 of specie B in Shandong Province, and the first report of HEV97 in China.
Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; China ; Enterovirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Enterovirus Infections ; virology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Paralysis ; virology ; Phylogeny ; Viral Proteins ; genetics