Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic

Background and purpose:Epirubicin is one of the fi rst line chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of breast cancer, and liposome doxorubicin is a new antitumor drug that has been reported to have less cardiotoxicity and myelosuppression compared to free doxorubicin. Dentritic cells (DC) play important roles in tumor immunity. Our experiment investigated the impacts of epirubicin and liposome doxorubicin on different human breast cancer cell lines and dentritic cells, and evaluated their roles in the treatment of breast cancer. Methods:Human breast cancer cell lines, Bcap37 and MDA-MB-231, along with human dentritic cells isolated and induced into maturation, were cultured with epirubicin and liposome adriamycin at different concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 10.0 ?g/ml), respectively. The inhibitory effects were detected by MTT method after 24, 48, 72 h. Results:Epirubicin and liposome adriamycin could inhibit the proliferation of Bcap37 cells, MDA-MB-231 cells, and human dentritic cells. Liposome adriamycin exhibited a lighter inhibition on dentritic cells than on human breast cancer cell lines (Bcap37 and MDA- MB-231) (F=22.208, P

Brown-Sequard Syndrome ; etiology ; Cervical Vertebrae ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; complications ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To evaluate the significance of standardized ultrasound examination of fetal structures in the ifrst trimester (11-13+6 weeks). Methods The ultrasound data of 29 858 fetuses who underwent the ifrst trimester screening were analyzed retrospectively in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 2010 to December 2012 and followed up the cases with structural abnormalities and increased nuchal translucency (NT). Results Among 29 858 fetuses, 328 structural defects were detected in 284 fetuses (0.95%) by ultrasound in the first trimester, including fetal hydrops (124 cases), choroid plexus cysts (36 cases), exencephaly (32 cases), gastroschisis (24 cases), exomphalos (22 cases), cardiac defects (19 cases), megacystis (14 cases), spine abnormalities (10 cases), meningoceles/encephaloceles (9 cases), alobar holoprosencephaly (8 cases), hydrocephaly (7 cases), abnormalities of extremities (7 cases), acrania (6 cases), amniotic band syndrome (4 cases), abdominal cyst (3 cases) and conjoined twins (3 cases). Pregnancy was terminated in all cases (115) with exencephaly, gastroschisis, exomphalos, meningoceles/encephaloceles, alobar holoprosencephaly, hydrocephaly,abnormalities of extremities, acrania, amniotic band syndrome and conjoined twins, and the defects were verified by the gross appearance of fetuses. Two cases of megacystis were turned out to be normal during follow-up while 1 case was proved to be aneuploid and 1 other case progressed to multiple abnormalities during the second trimester. Most choroid plexus cysts, except 1 case of aneuploid, were normal during the second and the third trimester follow-ups by ultrasound. Thirteen cases of fetal hydrops were found to be aneuploids and 4 hydrops cases were proved to be complicated with other structural defects during the second and the third trimester. NT was increased in 422 cases (1.41%), among which 122 cases (28.91%) were complicated with structural defects and/or fetal hydrops. Ninty-nine cases with increased NT underwent chromosomal examination and 38 cases were found to be aneuploides. During the follow-up of 298 cases with increased NT who continued pregnancy, 21 structural abnormalities were found, including cardiac defects (14 cases), neural abnormalities (4 cases) and diaphragmatic hernia (3 cases). Conclusion The standardized fetal ultrasound in the first trimester is a effective tool for the screening of aneupolides and major structural abnormalities.

Objective To investigate the influence of epigallocatechin gallate ( EGCG)on reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mouse podocytes exposed to high glucose. Methods Mouse podocytes cultured in high glucose were exposed to different concentrations of EGCG (0.2, 10, 100 μmol/L) or α-tocopherol (0.2 μmol/L) for 6, 12, 24 hours. The viability of podocytes was detected by MTT. The intracellular formation of ROS was detected by confocal microscopy with fluorescent probe CM-H2DCFDA and was measured by fluorescence microscopy. RT-PCR was used to examine the expression of p22phox, p47phox and p67phox mRNA in cultured podocytes exposed to different concentrations of EGCG. Results Intracellular ROS generation was significantly higher in high glucose than that in control conditions (P<0.01). EGCG could significantly inhibit ROS induced by high glucose significantly (P<0.01). EGCG (100 μmol/L) led to an inhibition of the increased production of NADPH oxidase components of p22phox and p67phox mRNA in high glucose (P<0.05). The expression of p47phox mRNA in high glucose was inhibited by EGCG(0.2 μmol/L) and ot-tocopherol(0.2 μmol/L) (P<0.05). Conclusion EGCG can protect cultured mouse podocytes from injury of high glucose by inhibiting ROS formation.

Objective To study the effects of the interaction of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the receptor of AGEs (RAGE) on apoptosis of mice podocytes. Methods Podocytes were exposed to soluble AGEs such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), carboxymethyl-lysin (CML)-BSA, AGE-BSA and matrix-bound AGEs (AGE-modified collagen Ⅳ ), and to different concentrations of AGE, such as 10 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was used for the quantification of apoptotic andnecrotic podocytes after Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and propidium iodide (PI) labeling. Apoptosis was described as the ratio of apoptotic cells to the total number cells under the high-power field, siRNA was transfected into podocytes through combining Dharmacon on Targetplus SMART pool siRNA reagents and Amaxa RNAi nucleofection kit. Results The apoptosis rate was higher in podoeytes exposed to either CML-BSA or AGE-BSA than that exposed to BSA. There was a two- to three-fold increase in apoptosis when podocytes were cultured in AGE-modified collagen Ⅳ as compared with native collagen Ⅳ. The apoptotic response of podocytes to AGE-BSA exposure occurred in a dose-dependent manner. Podocyte necrosis occurred only at the highest concentration of AGE-BSA(100 mg/L). AGE-BSA failed to induce apoptosis in podocytes transfected with RAGE siRNA. RAGE-specific gene knockdown did not significantly reduce the apoptosis of podocytes cultured in AGE-modified collagen IV. Conclusions The AGE-RAGE interaction plays a major role in the apoptosis of podocytes triggered by soluble AGEs, but not by matrix-bound AGEs. Reduction of AGE burden and RAGE expression may be important therapeutic approaches to prevent the progression of kidney disease.

OBJECTIVE An understanding of the complex anatomy of the anterior skull base is crucial for the surgeon doing endoscopic surgery. The anatomic data of the olfactory sulcus and adjacent structures in Chinese patients were defined using 3-dimensional reconstruction images. The surgeon is encouraged to develop a detailed pre-operative surgical plan by utilizing these dynamic anatomical observations to avoid intracranial injury. METHODS The paranasal sinus CT scanning images of 100 adults were reconstructed for observation using EBW2.0 software and multiplanar reformation. All data obtained were in the coronal plane from the anterior point of the olfactory sulcus. The cribriform plate depth as compared to the ethmoid roof and adjacent structures, was measured bilaterally. Data obtained on adjacent structures include the vertical height of the lateral lamella of olfactory sulcus, the horizontal distance between the cribriform plate and the orbital lamella, the length of the middle turbinate, the height of the orbit, and the vertical distance between the cribriform plate and the nasal floor. RESULTS The olfactory sulcus was classified into three types: platform type (60 %), sloping type (17 %) and mixed type(23 %), as distinguished from Keros classification. In this study the vertical height of the lateral lamella of olfactory sulcus was (5.03 ± 0.17) mm (R) and (5.39 ± 0.19) mm (L) in platform type, and (2.79 ± 0.49) mm (R) and (4.72 ± 0.49) mm (L) in the mixed type. There were statistically significant differences between the right side and the left side in these two types (P＜0.01). The horizontal distance between the cribriform plate and the orbital lamella on the same side was significantly different between the platform type and the mixed type of olfactory sulcus. A similar result was observed for the vertical distance between the cribriform plate and the nasal floor. Gender differences exist in the horizontal distance between the cribriform plate and orbital lamella on the same side and the vertical distance between the cribriform plate and the nasal floor. CONCLUSION Different types of olfactory sulcus have distinct characteristics, hence care which must be taken into account when doing endoscopic surgery.

Objective To establish the quality control standard for Shuanggen Qingnao Granules.Methods TLC was used to identify Yiyiren SEMENCOICIS,Yujin RADIXCURCUMAE,Banlangen RADIX ISATIDIS. HPLC was used to determine the content of Puerarin in Shuanggen Qingnao Granules.Results The TLC spots developed were fairly clear,and the bland test showed no interference.Puerarin showed a good linear relationship in the range of 5.184～40.50?g/mL,the average recovery of Puerarin was 99.93%,and RSD=1.81%.Conclusion The method is accurate and quick,and can be used for the quality control of Shuanggen Qingnao Granules.

Compared with normal tissues and cells, the tumor microenvironment has significant differences. For example, glutathione-related metabolic enzymes and reactive oxygen species are highly expressed in different subcellular structures, resulting in an unbalanced redox state. Aiming at the specific redox state in tumor tissues and cells, a series of small molecule prodrug self-assembled nanoparticles can be designed and connected by intelligent response linkers including disulfide bonds, sulfide bonds, and selenium bonds, thioketal bonds, etc. The in vitro and in vivo efficiency and metabolic mode of these nanoparticles are related to the type of linker. This review will summarize the tumor redox microenvironment, the design of intelligent responsive small molecule prodrug nanoparticles, and the metabolic pathways of small molecule prodrug nanoparticles with different connecting linkers and their relationship with drug efficacy.

Depression is a common emotional disorder that seriously affects people's life and health all over the world. The pathogenesis of depression is complex, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for antidepressants has a good therapeutic effect because of its multi-component, multi-pathway, and multi-target action mode. At present, the anti-depressive mechanism of TCM has not been fully clarified, but it is clear that depression is closely related to metabolic health. Therefore, in order to further explore the anti-depressive mechanism of TCM, this paper proposes research strategies on the anti-depressive mechanism of TCM based on functional metabolomics from the perspective of metabolism, the potential biomarkers of depression are analyzed with the help of multi-omics combined analysis technology, and the functional molecules of TCM for antidepressant are studied. Molecular biology techniques are used to accurately capture the molecular interactions between biomarkers of depression and functional compounds, which identify effective drug targets and further elucidate the biochemical functions and related mechanisms involved in depression metabolic disorders. This paper systematically reviews the research strategies and applications of functional metabolomics in the anti-depressive mechanisms of TCM, expounds on the core value of functional metabolomics, and summarizes the current research status and hot issues of TCM for antidepressants in recent years, providing new methods and new ideas for the study of mechanisms of TCM with the help of functional metabolomics.