Objective To optimize the extraction conditions of Hyperici Perforate Herba, Coptidis Rhizoma, Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen forJinzao Yuanzhi Capsule.Methods Hyperin extraction rate was set as index, and HPLC was used for determination. The extraction conditions of ethanol concentration, ethanol quantity, extraction time and other factors were studied with orthogonal test and comparative test.Results Ethanol concentration and extracting times were remarkable factors in the test. The optimum extraction technology forJinzao Yuanzhi Capsule was to reflux and extract the materials with 8 times of 70% ethanol for 2 times, reflux extraction for 1.5 hours, filtration. Then 6 times of 70% ethanol was added for 1.5 hours’ reflux, filtering, and merging extracted liquid.Conclusion The optimum extraction technology is reasonable and feasible.

Objective To explore the related structures of retrosigmoid approach by microanatomy and virtual anatomy and provide a reliable approach with more morphologic data. Methods Twenty sides of 10 adult cadaveric heads were dissected to simulate retrosigmoid approach under the microscope. The neurovascular structures of pontocerebellar trigone were observed, and the related structures were simultaneously measured based on the junction of superior petrosal sinus and sigmoid sinus and internal acoustic pore. The internal auditory canal was opened by drilling the margin of the internal auditory meatus and its structures were watched. With the help of Dexotroscope system, the data of five patients' CT and MRI were applied to reconstruct and anatomize the structure of retrosigmoid approach. Results It was found that the distance from the junction of superior petrosal sinus and sigmoid sinus to the trigeminal nerve was (38.50±2.64)mm, to the acoustic-facial bundle (27.80±2.25)mm, to the glossopharyngeal nerve (32.70±2.11)mm, to the hypoglossal nerve (44.30±2.05)mm, and the distance from internal acoustic pore to the trigeminal nerve was (5.68±1.55)mm, to the abducent nerve (13.80±1.81)mm, to the tentorium of cerebellum (5.00±0.66)mm, to the glossopharyngeal nerve (6.34±1.24)mm. The pontocerebellar trigone was divided into the anterior compartment, the middle compartment, the posterior compartment built on the acoustic-facial bundle and the glossopharyngeal nerve. Their structures were displayed after drilling the margin of the internal auditory meatus. Dexotroscope system clearly displayed asterion, the angle of transverse and sigmoid sinus, jugular foramen, internal acoustic pore, basilar artery and its branches, and theirs spatial relationship.Conclusion The three compartments of the pontocerebellar trigone are helpful to understand the feature of the neurovascular layer, the measurement is favorable to quantize the relation of the related structures and to judge the space of each compartment. Recognizing the anatomical marker of internal acoustic pore can support preservation of the inner structures. Virtual anatomy of Dexotroscope system can display local anatomical structure respectively. Both microanatomy and virtual anatomy have their advantages and disadvantages respectively and integration can be beneficial to understand neurovascular structures in the pontocerebellar trigone.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic features of gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs). MethodsThe diagnosis and treatment results of GISTs were studied, and clinicopathologic features and immunohistochemical expressions of CD34, smooth muscle actin (SMA) and S-100 protein were detected in 26 cases of GISTs. ResultsThe tumor was found in the stomach(54%), small intestine(38%) and rectum(8%), and malignant tumors accounted for 77% of the cases. The size of tumors was correlated with the malignancy of GISTs significantly(P0.05). ConclusionsTumor size is a predictor of the malignancy of GISTs, and the immunophenotype is not a predictor.

Objective To investigate the expression and distribution of COX-2 in benign and malignant breast disease,and the relationship among COX-2 expression and the clinicopathologic factors,hormone receptors.Methods Immunohistochemistry Was used to investigate the expression and distribution of COX-2 in 8 accessory.breasts,31 BPBDs(15 in adnosis,16 in fibroadnoma),70 IDCs(35 of them accompany with DCIS);The relationships between the expression of COX-2 and hormone receptor(ER and PR),C-erbB-2.and the clinicopathologic factors were studied respectively.Results①The expression of COX-2 in various kinds mammary diseases:8 accessory breasts were all negative;the positive rate of COX-2 in BPBD was 96.5%(30/31),among these,the positive rate of COX-2 in adnosis was 93.3%(14/15),and in fibroadnonm was 100%(16/16).The positive rate of COX-2 in DCIS was 85.7%(30/35).The intensity of COX-2 expression in DCIS of periph-IDC was higher than that in corresponding carcinoma.The positive rate of COX-2 in IDC Was 84.3%(59/70),the expression of COX-2 Was different among non-cancer gland.②COX-2 expression in BPBD was obviously higher compared with COX-2 in IDC,the difference was significant in statistics(χ2=9.39,P＜0.025).③The expression of COX-2 in DCIS was correlative with low histological differentiation(χ2=10.98,P＜0.005),PR negative(P=0.019,Fisher exact probability),and C-erbB-2 positive(P=0.0008,Fisher exact probability).The expression of COX-2 in IDC was correlative with lymph node metastasis(χ2=4.09,P＜0.05),tissue poorly differentiated(P=0.004,Fisher exact probability),PR negative(χ2=6.91,P＜0.01)and C-erbB-2 positive(χ2=5.94,P＜0.025).Conclusion COX-2 does not express in normal mammary gland.It is high-expressed in BPBD,DCIS and IDC;These indicate the up-regulation of COX-2 expression not only participates in breast carcinogenesis,but also promotes its metastasis and progression,and suggests COX-2 may down-regulate reactivity of endocrine thempy by participating in therapy resistance of PR negative breast cancer.

Objective To observe the protective effect of Ulinastatin in rat islet isolation and advance an improved method in rat pancreas islet isolation.Methods Rat pancreas was perfused with Hanks solution containing collagenase. The rats were divided into 3 group according the Ulinastatin concentrations in collagense: low-concentration Ulinastatin ( 2500 U/ml) group, high-concentration Ulinastatin ( 5000 U/ml) and control group (no Ulinastatin). The isolated pancreases were compared among the groups. Results The shape and number of the isolated pancreases in low-concentration Ulinastatin and high-concentration Ulinastatin groups were superior to those in control group (P

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of adding gold when determing the memory effect and stability of mercury by ICP-MS, and determine the appropriate amount of gold. METHODS: ICP-MS method was used to determine the amount of mercury in the solution. The RF power was 1 550 W, flow rate of carrier gas was 1.05 L•min-1, plasma gas flow rate was 15.0 L•min-1, peristaltic pump speed was 0.2 r•s-1, and sampling depth was 8 mm. The integration time was 0.1 s. RESULTS: Mercury solution began to demonstrate obvious memory effect at the concentration of 0.4 ng•mL-1. It gradually became unstable and the coefficient of variation gradually increased after being placed at room temperature for more than 2 h in the absence of stabilizer. After adding gold, the mercury soulution was stable within 48 h, and the coefficient of variation was within 5%. When the ratio of gold to mercury was 2∶1, the memory effect of mercury was decreaed, and its stability was well guaranteed. There was no difference when the mercury standard solution was prepared with or without other elements. CONCLUSION: This study plays a reference role in the detection and analysis of mercury and provides technical support for the revision and improvement of relevant detection methods.

Objective To investigate the expression of apoptosis-related neuclosome assembly protein-1(NAP-1) gene in related brain region of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP) treated mice and beta-amyloid treated rats. Methods The animal models with central nervous system degeneration were established by consecutive administration of MPTP to C57BL mice and injection of beta-amyloid to brain ventricular of SD rats. The RNA in striatum and substantia nigra of mice and the RNA in cortex and hippocampus of rats were extracted. The levels of NAP-1 mRNA in these samples were estimated by RT-PCR. Results For mice, the expression of NAP-1 were decreased after MPTP treatment in substantia nigra, while its expression showed no significant change in striatum. In contrast, no effect on NAP-1 gene expression by beta-amyloid injection can be detected in cortex and hippocampus of rats. Conclusions The apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in nigrostriatal pathway after MPTP treatment may be related to the expression of NAP-1 gene. But the mechanism of neurodegeneration after beta-amyloid injection in rats may be different.

Objective:To investigate the changes and significances of serum cystatin C and transforming growth factor-β1 levels for the neonatal asphyxia.Methods:Forty-six asphyxia newborns were chosen as the asphyxia group,and thirty healthy newborns were selected as the control group.The TGF-β1,CysC,BUN,Scr,and GFR levels of both groups were detected on the 1st,3rd,7th day after hospitalization.According to the renal injury,the 46 newborns were divided into normal group and asphyxia group,and the serum indexes were detected and analyzed.Results:On the 1st,3rd,7th day after hospitalization,the TGF-β1,GFR of asphyxia group was obviously increased and was lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05);the level of CysC,BUN,Scr in both groups were decreased,and the change degree in asphyxia group were higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05);the CysC,BUN,Scr in renal injured group were higher than those of normal group,and TGF-β1,GFR were much lower (P＜0.05).Additionally,TGF-β1 level of renal injured group was negatively correlated to the BUN and Scr,and positively correlated with the GFR (P＜0.05).The level of serum CysC in renal injured group was positively correlated to BUN and Scr and negatively correlated to GFR (P＜0.05).Conclusion:The serum TGF-β1,CysC in asphyxia newborns had significant changes compared with the healthy newborns and was correlated to the renal injured indexes,which had clinical directive significance on the early diagnosis,condition judgment,and prognosis of neonatal asphyxia with renal injury.

Objective To screen the differentially expressed genes in optic tecta of pigeon with monooccular deprivation. Methods Using suppression subtractive hybridization technique,the differentially expressed cDNA library for the left optic tecta of pigeons was constructed;recombinant clones were sequenced randomly and further proved to be the true positive by reverse Northern blot analysis. Results 150 of EST (expressed sequence tags) were sequenced and 16 of them proved true positive,which included those homologous to known genes and those having no matches.138 of ESTs were assigned Accession Number by Genbank.Conclusion\ Our data provided to be the useful clues for studying the development of visual system and the molecular construction of vision center system.

Objective To explore the application and problems of using high pressure injection combine detaining needle in cere‐bral thrombosis on CT angiography in rabbit models .Methods 38 rabbit models were divided to experimental group and control group (19 cases each) .Rabbits in the experimental group were injected contrast medium into rabbit ear marginal vein with detaining needles and connected high pressure injection and the control group used intravenous infusion combined high pressure injection . Then observe the CT image quality and infusion outcome in two groups .Results There were 18 cases (94 .74% ) in the experimen‐tal group obtained successful infusion and excellent image quality ,and 13 cases (68 .42% ) in the control group got excellent image , the difference has statistical significance (Z = - 2 .099 ,P = 0 .036) .All of the images of experimental group showed thrombosis clearly .Conclusion High pressure injection combine detaining needle on CT angiography can increase test efficiency ,simplify the operation sequence and achieve evaluating goals .