Objective To discuss the methods and significance of exposing recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroidectomy.Methods 328 recurrent laryngeal nerve were dissected and exposed.In 216 procedures(3 nerve were not recurrent,and all were in right lateral.),150(45.73%)nerve were dissected by infra thymid gland route,178(54.27%)by lateral thyroid gland route.Results There was no permanent injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve.It took 5 minutes on average to reveal nerve by infra thyroid gland route and there were 5 cases (2.00%)of temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve injury.It took 3 minutes on average to reveal nerve by lateral thyroid gland route,and there were 2 cases(1.12%)of temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve injury.Conclusions It is safe and convenient to expose recurrent laryngeal nerve during operation.Lateral route has advantages of less time consuming,minimal injury and less bleeding.

Objective To investigate the expression of Survivin,receptor for advanced glycation endproduct(RAGE) and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) gene in human breast cancer and their clinical significance.Methods The expression of Survivin,RAGE and HMGB1 gene was detected by Real-time PCR technology and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technology in the following tissue samples:50 early breast cancers,50 advanced breast cancers,and the corresponding adjacent normal mammary tissues.The relationship of their expression and several factors such as differentiation degree,invasion,lymph node metastasis and TNM stage of cancer was explored.Results The positive expression rate of Survivin,RAGE and HMGB1 gene was 62％,73％ and 79％ detected by Real-time PCR technology,78％,69％ and 72％ detected by FISH technology in breast cancer tissues.The overexpression of these genes was positively correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis.The expression of Survivin gene was positively correlated with the expression of RAGE and HMGB1.Conclusion Overexpression of Survivin,RAGE and HMGB1 gene is of great significance in early diagnosis and prognosis of human breast cancer.

Objective To study the relationship of expression of metastasis suppressor gene nin23-H1 protein in gastric carcinoma tissue and tumor infiltration and metastasis.Methods The expression of metastasis suppressor gene nm23-H1 protein in 50 gastric carcinoma tissues was detected by SP immunohistocbemistry tech-nology.Results Correlations were presented among expression of nm23-H1 protein, infiltrate grade of gastric carcinoma, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage.Conclusions Expression of nm23-H1 may suppress infiltra-tion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma, Low expression of nm23-H1 protein may be of great reference value in judgement of tumor progression, metastasis and reeidivation.

Objective To Study the expression and clinical meaning of nm23-H1,c-Met and survivin protein in gastric carcinoma tissue.Methods Expression of nm23-H1,c-Met and survivin protein in 50 paraffin block samples of gastric carcinoma were detected by S-P immunohistochemistry technology.The relationship of expression to tumor differentiation degree,infiltration depth,lymph node metastasis,TNM stage,tumor metastasis and reeidivation were analyzed.Results The positive expression rates of nm23-H1,c-Met and survivin protein were 46%,72% and 80%,low nm23-H1 protein expression and high c-Met protein expression correlated tightly with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis of gastric carcinoma,high survivin protein expression correlated tightly with differentiation degree,TNM stage and lymph node metastasis of gastric carcinoma,there was a inverse correlation between nm23-H1 protein expression and survivin,but a direct correlation between c-Met and survivin.Conclusions Low nm23-H1 protein expression and high c-Met and survivin expression has important guidance significance of making a early diagnosis and judging prognosis.Selective gene therapy guided by these may be helpful.

Ohjective To investigate the expression of Survivin gene in human breast cancer and its clinical significance.MethodsReal-time PCR technology and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technology were employed to detect the expression of Survivin gene in the following tissue samples:50 breast cancers in stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ,50 breast cancers in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ,and the corresponding adjacent normal mammary tissues.The relationship of Survivin gene expression and several factors such as differentiation degree,invasion,lymph node metastasis,TNM stage was explored.ResultsThe positive expression rate of Survivin gene was 62％ and 78％ respectively detected by real-time PCR and FISH in breast cancer tissues.The overexpression of Survivin gene was positively correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis.ConclusionsOverexpression of Survivin gene can be used as one of the parameters in early diagnosis and prognosis of human breast cancer.Selective gene therapy based on these gene expressions may be useful.

Objective To discuss the operative difficulties and management in laparoscopic thyroidectomy.Method The clinical data of 169 cases undergoing laparoscopic thyroidectomy were retrospectively analyzed.Result Among 169 cases,only 2 cases were switched to open surgery.Among the other 167 cases local thyroidectomy for thyroid adenoma Was performed in 37 cases,one side subtotal thyroidectomy in 63 cases,two side subtotal thyroidectomy in 42 cases,laparoscopic subtotal thyroideetomy was done in 20 cases for Grave's disease,and radical thyroidectomy was undeRaken in 5 cases of thyroid carcinoma.Postoperatively fat colliquation occurred in 2 cases,pneumohypoderma,skin bruise and temporary vocal dullness or hoarsness in 1 each case.There was no postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve injury,nor that of the parathyroid gland. Conclusions Laparoscopie thyroidectomy has its own intraoperative difficulties. Accurate operative skills and careful perioperative management can decrease the occurrence of complications.

Objective To study and summarize the successful experience and the safety, easibility, practicality and operation skills of totally laparoscopic extraperitoneal herniorrhaphy (TEP). Methods From October 2006 to May 2008,225 patients in our two hospitals were performed TEP (265 totally laparoscopic extraperitoneal hernia repairs for inguinal hernia), including 55 direct inguinal hernia, 197 indirect inguinal hernia and 13 complex inguinal hernia operations. Among the 225 patients, 185 patients had unilateral hernia and 40 patients had bilateral hernias, including 29 recurrent hernia. Results The operations were lasted for 30 to 182 minutes(the average operating duration was 48 minutes for unilateral hernia and 106 minutes for bilateral hernia). The patients stayed in hospital for 2 to 8 days(the average inpatient hospital stay was 3.0 ± 1.2 days). The most common complication was scrotum bematomas,which appeared in 18 cases. Urinary re-tention appeared in 21 cases. Inguinal pain appeared in 5 cases. Bladder injury appeared 1 case. All the pa-tients were followed up for 3 months- 3 years. There was only 1 case of recurrence. Conclusions The proce-dure of TEP is safe,with faster postoperative recover,less pain,lower incidence of pain,better comfort quality and lower recurrence rate. TEP should be the main laparoscopic procedure for inguinal hernia repair.

Objective To investigate the expression of heparanase (Hpa) in serum and tissue of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and its clinical significance.Methods Immunohistochemical method (SP) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the expression of Hpa protein in serum and tissues of 38 cases of PTC,37 cases of patients with benign thyroid nodules,and 30 normal controls.Results Expression of Hpa in PTC was higher than that of benign thyroid nodules (P＜0.01).Expression of Hpa in lymph node metastasis group was higher than that in group without lymph node metastasis (P＜0.05).Compared with the normal control group,the content of serum Hpa in patients with benign thyroid nodules had no significant difference (P＞0.05).Hpa content in serum of patients with PTC was higher than that of benign thyroid nodules group and the normal control group (P＜0.01).There was no statistically significant difference of the level of serum Hpa between groups with and without lymph node metastasis.Conclusions Detecting tissue and preoperative serum Hpa concentration is valuable for diagnosis of PTC.Hpa detection in tissues can be used to determine whether there was lymph node metastasis in PTC patients,while Hpa detection in preoperative serum can not judge whether there is lymph node metastasis.

Objective To study the relationship between heparanase( Hpa) , urokinase type plasminogen activator( uPA) expression and lymph node metastasis in thyroid carcinoma.Methods Immunohistochemieal SP method was used to analyze the expression of Hpa and uPA in 113 cases of thyroid carcinoma and 134 cases of be-nign thyroid nodules.The expression of Hpa and uPA in thyroid carcinoma and its clinical significance were ana-lyzed.Results The positive expression rate of Hpa and uPA in thyroid carcinoma and benign nodular thyroid tis-sue were 82.30%,16.42%and 89.38%, 11.19%.The positive expression rate of Hpa and uPA in carcinoma tissues with lymph metastasis and without metastasis were 93.94%,100% and 65.96%,74.47%.Expression of Hpa and uPA in thyroid carcinoma group was significantly higher than that of benign thyroid nodules group( P<0.001) .The rate of positive expression in lymph metastatic tissues were significantly higher than those in tissue without metastasis( P<0.001) .Hpa and uPA expression in thyroid carcinoma tissues was positively correlated( r=0.437, P=0.021).Conclusion The expression of Hpa and uPA is closely related with the occurrence and metastasis of thyroid carcinoma.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of different dose microwave radiation on protein components of cultured rabbit lens, and analyze the mechanisms of lens injury caused by microwave radiation.

METHODSCultured rabbit lens were exposed to microwave radiation with frequency of 2450 MHz and power density of 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 5.00 mW/cm(2) for 8 hours in vitro. The transparency of lens was observed. Changes of protein concentration were detected after different lens protein components were extracted, including water-soluble protein (WSP), urea soluble protein (USP), alkali soluble protein (ASP) and sonicated protein (SP). The influence of microwave radiation on WSP was analyzed using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and coomassie-blue staining.

RESULTSTransparency of lens decreased after radiation. There was obvious opacification of lens cortex after 5.00 mW/cm(2) microwave radiation for 8 hours. After 1.00, 2.00 and 5.00 mW/cm(2) radiation, the percentage of WSP decreased while USP increased obviously. There was no change of ASP. The percentage of SP decreased when the power of microwave was 5.00 mW/cm(2). The low molecular weight protein of WSP decreased while high molecular weight protein increased after microwave radiation.

CONCLUSIONMicrowave radiation higher than 1.00 mW/cm(2) can affect the proportion of WSP and USP in cultured rabbit lens, and cause changes of lens transparency and refractive power, which leads to lens opacity.

Animals ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lens, Crystalline ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Microwaves ; adverse effects ; Proteins ; metabolism ; Rabbits