Objective To investigate the effects of acupuncture at acupoints at different time points on the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) in patients undergoing radical rectal cancer operation.Methods One hundred and thirty ASA Ⅰ - Ⅲ patients,aged 40-59 yr,with body mass index of 20-25 kg/m2,scheduled for elective radical rectal cancer operation,were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n =25 each):control group ( group Ⅰ ),treatment with the conventional drug group (group Ⅱ ),preoperative acupuncture group ( group Ⅲ ),acupuncture during operation group (group Ⅳ ),and postoperative acupuncture group (group Ⅴ ).Granisetron 3 mg was injected intravenously before the end of the operation in group Ⅱ.Acupuncture was performed at 30 min before induction of anesthesia,at skin incision and at the end of operation in groups Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ respectively.Bilateral Neiguan ( PC6 ),Hegu ( LI4 ),Zhigou ( SJ6 ),and Quchi ( LI11 ) acupoints were selected in groups Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ.Acupuncture stimulation lasted for 30 min.Blood samples were collected from the peripheral vein after admission to the operating room (T0),at 1 h after skin incision (T1),at the end of operation (T2 ),and at 24 h after operation (T3) to determine the plasma gastrin concentration.The occurrence of PONV was recorded within 2 h after operation,during 2-6 h,6-12 h and 12-24 h after operation,and within 24 h after operation.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,the incidence of PONV within 2 and 24 h after operation,and the plasma gastrin concentration at T3 were significantly decreased in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ ( P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the indexes mentioned above in groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group Ⅱ,the plasma gastrin concentration at T3 was significantly decreased in group Ⅲ,the incidence of PONV within 2 and 24 h after operation was significantly increased in groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group Ⅲ,the incidence of PONV within 2 and 24 h after operation,and the plasma gastrin concentration at T3 were significantly increased in groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Preoperatvie acupuncture at acupoints can decrease the occurrence of PONV in patients undergoing radical rectal cancer operation,the efficacy is similar to that of the conventional drugs,and the decreased concentration of the plasma gastrin after operation is involved in the mechanism.

Actinidia ; chemistry ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Connexin 43 ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Objective To synthesize glycylproline p-nitroanilide tosylate as a substrate for glycylprolyl dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase(GPDA),and to study its clinical application.Methods The title compound was prepared by DCC-HOBt synthesis.GPDA in human serum was detected by continuous monitoring method using substrate. Results The substrate with purity of 98.5% was obtained.The linearity of the method was up to 358.1 U/L.Intraassay CV and interassay CV of GPDA in diverse serum samples were 3.01% and 5.04%,respectively.It was shown that GPDA level in patients with hepatic cancer was significantly increased,while those in patients with gastric carcinoma and chronic gastritis were significantly decreased compared with that in the control group in clinical detecting(P

The combined use of chemometrics and chemiluminescence（CL）measurements,with the aid of the stopped-flow mixing technique,developed a simple time-resolved CL method for the simultaneous determination of captopril（CPL）and hydrochlorothiazide（HCT）.The stopped-flow technique in a continuous-flow system was employed in this work in order to emphasize the kinetic differences between the two analytes in cerium（IV）-rhodamine 6G CL system.After the flow was stopped,an initial rise of CL signal was observed for HCT standards,while a direct decay of CL signal was obtained for CPL standards.The mixed CL signal was monitored and recorded on the whole process of continuous-flow/stopped-flow,and the obtained data were processed by the chemometric approach of artificial neural network.The relative prediction error（RPE）of CPL and HCT was 5.9% and 8.7%,respectively.The recoveries of CPL and HCT in tablets were found to fall in the range between 95% and 106%.The proposed method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of CPL and HCT in a compound pharmaceutical formulation.

The combined use of chemometrics and chemiluminescence (CL) measurements,with the aid of the stoppedflow mixing technique,developed a simple time-resolved CL method for the simultaneous determination of captopril (CPL) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT).The stopped-flow technique in a continuous-flow system was employed in this work in order to emphasize the kinetic differences between the two analytes in cerium (Ⅳ)-rhodamine 6G CL system.After the flow was stopped,an initial rise of CL signal was observed for HCT standards,while a direct decay of CL signal was obtained for CPL standards.The mixed CL signal was monitored and recorded on the whole process of continuousflow/stopped-flow,and the obtained data were processed by the chemometric approach of artificial neural network.The relative prediction error (RPE) of CPL and HCT was 5.9％ and 8.7％,respectively.The recoveries of CPL and HCT in tablets were found to fall in the range between 95％ and 106％.The proposed method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of CPL and HCT in a compound pharmaceutical formulation.

Hirudin is one of the most potent anti-coagulant protein ever found, and its C-terminus is a key domain for inhibiting thrombin.In order to enhance its specificity,a novel anti-coagulant protein was constructed via fusing the C-terminus of hirudin to Annexin V, which was expected to sustain both anti coagulant activity and phorspholipid affinity. The structure of the designed protein was predicted with both molecular mechanics and dynamics. Molecular dynamics was adopted to simulate the docking interaction between the fusion protein and thrombin. The results showed the inhibitory activity of the fusion protein to thrombin.

Objective To explore the relationship between detective time for serum cardiac troponin I(cTnI) and their positive rate in diagnosis of viral myocarditis(VM).Methods Twenty-one cases of VM were designed as the test group.The serum cTnI were dynamically detected and compared with the normal control group.Results The serum cTnI were all negative in the normal control group,of 6 cases(28.6%) in the test group were positive when admission,of 7 cases(33.3%),8 cases(38.1%),9 cases(42.9%),13 cases(61.9%) and 4 cases(19%) were positive 6,12,18,24,48,72 h and 10 to 14 days laters respectively.There were statistic significances,compared the accumulative total positive rate of 48 h and 72 h after hospitalization with of emission and of 10 to 14 days after hospitalization,respectively.Conclusion Monitoring serum cTnI dynamically may increase the positive rate of cTnI for the suspected patients.

Objective To explore the nicotine dependence levels and the influencing factors of dependence among rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shanghai so as to provide scientific rationales for an effective implementation of tobacco control.Methods Multi-stage randomized sampling was used to select a total of 5 856 rural-to-urban migrant workers from 7 districts in Shanghai.Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence ( FTND) and logistic regression model were used to analyze the association between nicotine dependence and relevant risk factors.Results The current smoking prevalence was 23.7%.The average FTND score for current smokers , high dependence and low dependence were 3.38 ±2.49, 7.00 ±1.07 and 2.23 ±1.71 respectively.The high and low dependence rates were 21.7% and 78.3%.The results of logistic regression showed that education , duration of smoking and length of migration were associated with nicotine dependence.Lower level of education was more prone to high nicotine dependence.Those with a lower education had a higher risk of nicotine dependence ( junior high school: OR=1.742, primary school or lower: OR =1.994 vs.senior high school or higher ).High nicotine dependence increased with the duration of smoking (smoking 6-10 years:OR=3.007, 11-15 years:OR=4.076, 16-20 years:OR=5.451, 20 years or more:OR=5.726 vs.5 years or less).Length of migration over 3 years was less likely to have a high nicotine dependence (3-5 years: OR=0.602, more than 5 years: OR=0.407 vs.<1 year) .Conclusion The rate of high nicotine dependence is high among rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shanghai.Level of education , duration of smoking and length of migration are significant influencing factors of nicotine dependence.

Objective To survey the mental health status of rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shanghai.Methods The survey subjects were selected from migrant workers in Shanghai with a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method.The Symptom Check List ( SCL-90 ) scores were used for evaluation of metal health status.Results The prevalence of mental health problem of 5 626 rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shanghai was 18.8% ( 1 058/5 626 ).The mean total score of SCL-90 was 114.86 ±31.21.Compulsive-obsessive, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility ranked the top three among 9 factors, with scores of 1.37 ±0.43, 1.31 ±0.43 and 1.30 ±0.41 respectively.The mean total scores and scores of 9 factors of rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shanghai were lower than those of Chinese adults norm the mean total scores(129.96 ±38.76) ( t =-15.34, -3.84 --24.08 respectively, all P <0.01) .There were significant differences in mental health among migrant workers with different age , education , marital status , living conditions and occupation (all P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of mental health problems in Shanghai rural-to-urban migrant workers is high, with are related to their age, education, marital status, living conditions and occupation.

Objective To explore the effect of upgrade of dialysate quality on the microinflammation in maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods Fifty-three MHD patients in Kidney Center of the First Affiliated Hospital,Medical College,Zhejiang University in January 2003 were enrolled in the prospectively study.The main end-points were survival at 8 years or weaning from haemodialysis during 8-year period including death, receiving renal transplantation or transferring to peritoneal dialysis.The endotoxin level of dialysate and patients' serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6),tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α),C reaction protein (CRP),and albumin were recorded during the observation period. Results After the upgrade of water management system,endotoxin level of dialysate obviously decreased [(0.046±0.012) EU/ml vs (0.454±0.002) EU/ml,P＜0.01],and serum IL-6 [(3.947±3.624) ng/L vs (13.779±7.106) ng/L,P=0.036],TNF-α [(7.935±3.864) ng/L vs (12.804±8.017) ng/L,P=0.012] as well as CRP [(0.194±0.149) mg/L vs (0.561 ±0.309) mg/L,P＜0.01] decreased significantly,while serum albumin increased [(41.900±6.803) g/L vs (38.140±7.083) g/L,P=0.042].Hemoglobin level did not change significantly after the system upgrade,however,the dose of erythropoietin decreased [(93.0±12.7) U·kg-1·week-1 vs (131.0±10.1) U·kg-1·week-1,P=0.015]. Conclusions The upgrade of central dialysis fluid delivery and water management system by application of double reverse osmosis,high frequency heat disinfection and endotoxin filter can improve the quality of dialysate.Improvement of dialysate quality can ameliorate the microinflammation state of MHD patients.