Objective To explore the nicotine dependence levels and the influencing factors of dependence among rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shanghai so as to provide scientific rationales for an effective implementation of tobacco control.Methods Multi-stage randomized sampling was used to select a total of 5 856 rural-to-urban migrant workers from 7 districts in Shanghai.Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence ( FTND) and logistic regression model were used to analyze the association between nicotine dependence and relevant risk factors.Results The current smoking prevalence was 23.7%.The average FTND score for current smokers , high dependence and low dependence were 3.38 ±2.49, 7.00 ±1.07 and 2.23 ±1.71 respectively.The high and low dependence rates were 21.7% and 78.3%.The results of logistic regression showed that education , duration of smoking and length of migration were associated with nicotine dependence.Lower level of education was more prone to high nicotine dependence.Those with a lower education had a higher risk of nicotine dependence ( junior high school: OR=1.742, primary school or lower: OR =1.994 vs.senior high school or higher ).High nicotine dependence increased with the duration of smoking (smoking 6-10 years:OR=3.007, 11-15 years:OR=4.076, 16-20 years:OR=5.451, 20 years or more:OR=5.726 vs.5 years or less).Length of migration over 3 years was less likely to have a high nicotine dependence (3-5 years: OR=0.602, more than 5 years: OR=0.407 vs.<1 year) .Conclusion The rate of high nicotine dependence is high among rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shanghai.Level of education , duration of smoking and length of migration are significant influencing factors of nicotine dependence.

Objective To survey the mental health status of rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shanghai.Methods The survey subjects were selected from migrant workers in Shanghai with a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method.The Symptom Check List ( SCL-90 ) scores were used for evaluation of metal health status.Results The prevalence of mental health problem of 5 626 rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shanghai was 18.8% ( 1 058/5 626 ).The mean total score of SCL-90 was 114.86 ±31.21.Compulsive-obsessive, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility ranked the top three among 9 factors, with scores of 1.37 ±0.43, 1.31 ±0.43 and 1.30 ±0.41 respectively.The mean total scores and scores of 9 factors of rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shanghai were lower than those of Chinese adults norm the mean total scores(129.96 ±38.76) ( t =-15.34, -3.84 --24.08 respectively, all P <0.01) .There were significant differences in mental health among migrant workers with different age , education , marital status , living conditions and occupation (all P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of mental health problems in Shanghai rural-to-urban migrant workers is high, with are related to their age, education, marital status, living conditions and occupation.

Objective To observe serum and callus leptin expression in rats model with fracture and traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods 72 male SD rats were randomized equally into 4 groups: control, SCI group, fracture group, and fracture/SCI group. Rats were sacrificed at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after fracture/SCI. Serum leptin was detected by radioimmunoassayat 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, and callus formation was measured radiologically at 14, 21 and 28 days. Callus leptin was analyzed with immunohistochemistry. Results Serum leptin in the fracture group, SCI group and combined fracture/SCI group were all higher than in control group at the 1, 7, 14 and 21 day time-point (P < 0.05). Serum leptin in the combined fracture/SCI group was significantly higher than the fracture group at 7, 14 and 21 days (P < 0.05), and higher than SCI groups at 14 and 21 days after operation (P < 0.05). The percentage of leptin-positive cells in the fracture/SCI callus, and callus volume was significantly higher than the fracture-only group (P < 0.001). Conclusions Leptin expression increases in the recovery process after SCI, and the recovery of fracture becomes sooner.

Aged ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; blood ; therapy ; Emergency Treatment ; Female ; Hemoperfusion ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; poisoning ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Serum ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the feasibility and the efficacy of the Harmonic scalpel (HS)dissection compared with general electricoagulation(EC) in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.Methods In this nonrandomized prospective study，82 patients between May 2002 and December 2006 underwent elective laparoscopic colorectal resection.Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy(4)，left hemicolectomy(5)，sigmoidectomy(25)，or low anterior resection(48)were randomized to either electricoagulation or Harmonic scalpel dissection.The data for conversion to open surgery，operative time，blood loss，clips，complication rate，and hospital stay were compared.Results Intraoperative blood loss was significantly less in HS(180.6 ml)versus EC(229.6 ml)(P＜0.05).The number of clips was less in HS(2.3)versus EC(5.1)(P＜0.05).No differences were observed in postoperative time to recover bowl function and postoperative hospital stay.Postoperative complication rates in HS (2.3％)was significantly less as compared to EC(10.5％)(P＜0.05).Conclusion Harmonic scalpel in laparoscopic colorectal surgery can redues intraoperative blood loss，completes majority of laparoscopic procedures，and is technically easy，feasible，reliable.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and the efficacy of the Harmonic scalpel (HS)dissection compared with general electricoagulation(EC) in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.Methods In this nonrandomized prospective study，82 patients between May 2002 and December 2006 underwent elective laparoscopic colorectal resection.Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy(4)，left hemicolectomy(5)，sigmoidectomy(25)，or low anterior resection(48)were randomized to either electricoagulation or Harmonic scalpel dissection.The data for conversion to open surgery，operative time，blood loss，clips，complication rate，and hospital stay were compared.Results Intraoperative blood loss was significantly less in HS(180.6 ml)versus EC(229.6 ml)(P＜0.05).The number of clips was less in HS(2.3)versus EC(5.1)(P＜0.05).No differences were observed in postoperative time to recover bowl function and postoperative hospital stay.Postoperative complication rates in HS (2.3％)was significantly less as compared to EC(10.5％)(P＜0.05).Conclusion Harmonic scalpel in laparoscopic colorectal surgery can redues intraoperative blood loss，completes majority of laparoscopic procedures，and is technically easy，feasible，reliable.

OBJECTIVETo determine the effect of arousal methods for prolonged coma of 175 patients with severe traumatic brain injury and related factors.

METHODSThere were 175 cases with persistent coma longer than 1 month after severe traumatic brain injury. Coma lasted 1-12 months. Arousal procedures included hyperbaric oxygen, physical therapy and arousal drugs.

RESULTSIn the 175 prolonged coma patients 110 got recovery of consciousness; in 118 cases with coma of 1-3 months, 86 cases recovered consciousness (72.9%); in 42 cases with coma of 4-6 months, 20 cases recovered consciousness (47.6); and in 15 cases with coma of longer than 6 months, only 4 cases recovered consciousness (26.7%). The recovery of consciousness depended on patient's primary brain stem damage, cerebral hernia, GCS score, and age.

CONCLUSIONSApplication of appropriate arousal procedures improves recovery of consciousness in patients with prolonged coma.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Brain Injuries ; therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Coma, Post-Head Injury ; therapy ; Female ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recovery of Function ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of Liuweidihuang pills on pancreatic islet structure in OLETF (Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty) rats.

METHODSForty male OLETF rats were divided randomly into Liuweidihuang pills group (Liuwei group) and control group (n=20). Ten male LETO rats were used as normal control group (LETO group). The rats in Liuwei group were given Liuweidihuang pills at the daily dose of 2.4 mg/kg intragastrically since the age of 8 weeks. Blood glucose was determined by OGTT. The rats were sacrificed at 8, 32 and 40 weeks and the pancreatic tissue was isolated to examine the morphological changes of the pancreas by HE staining and Masson trichrome staining.

RESULTSAs the age of the rats increased, the pancreatic islets in the control group gradually showed fibrosis and islet atrophy, which were not found in Liuwei group. Masson staining visualized no fibrosis in Liuwei group. No significant pathological change occurred in the pancreatic islet of LETO rats. The rats in Liuwei group developed diabetes since 30 weeks of age and the incidence was 28.6% at 40 weeks, significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONLiuweidihuang pills can prevent degeneration of the pancreatic islets in spontaneous OLETF rats.

Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Islets of Langerhans ; pathology ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Protective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred OLETF

A fetal/maternal multi-parameter monitor is introduced here in the paper. It can monitor the vital signs of a fetus and his/her mother in a same screen synchronously. It is more useful in obstetric clinics. Its other functions include management of patient file, computer-assistant analyses.
Adult ; Automatic Data Processing ; instrumentation ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Female ; Fetal Monitoring ; instrumentation ; Heart Rate, Fetal ; Humans ; Microcomputers ; Monitoring, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; Pregnancy ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Software

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between plasma adiponectin and insulin resistance in OLETF rats.

METHODSTwenty male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and 10 male Long-evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 13 and 40 weeks of age. At 8, 32 and 40 weeks of age, the rats were sacrificed to measure the blood glucose, plasma insulin and adiponectin levels, and serum levels of TG, CHOL and FFA.

RESULTSThe plasma adiponectin level was significantly decreased in 8-week-old OLETF rats compared with that of LETO rats (P<0.05). The plasma insulin level, TG, CHOL, and FFA were significantly higher in OLETF rats than in LETO rats at 32 and 40 weeks of age.

CONCLUSIONA decreased plasma level of adiponectin preludes insulin resistance and is inversely correlated to insulin sensitivity. Hypoadiponectinemia may be an important reason leading to insulin resistance.

Adiponectin ; blood ; Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; metabolism ; Insulin ; pharmacology ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred OLETF ; Rats, Long-Evans