Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that occurs after a traumatic event. The core symptoms of PTSD are intrusiveness of traumatic event, avoidance of trauma-related stimulus, negative change of cognition, hypervigilance, and extreme behavior, et al. PTSD is highly relevant to war: The prevalence of PTSD ranged from 10%-13% among veterans who had combat experience. PTSD can severely impair individual function of work, family, intimacy and social life in a long time. The lifetime prevalence of PTSD varies from 1.3% to 12.2%. Therefore, finding effective treatment of PTSD has always been an important field in research. This article has a comprehensive review and summary of randomized control trials focused on PTSD psychotherapies in recent 5 years. The results indicate that: 1) Compared with traditional exposure therapy and non-exposure therapy, prolonged exposure had some advantages in treating PTSD. Modified prolonged exposure (PE) is also effective to PTSD. 2) In trials comparing PE with traditional PTSD drugs, PE was non-inferior to drugs in treatment effect. 3) When compared with control group, PE demonstrated considerable outcomes in alleviating PTSD symptoms. In conclusion, PE is an evidently effective psychotherapy for PTSD. Efforts should be made in enhancing therapeutic effect and decrease dropout rate by innovating and improving implements, assessing patients before treatment, and carrying out personalized treatment, et al.

Objective To investigate the effect of 17β-estradiol on insulin resistance and the expression of insulin receptor-α in skeletal muscle of ovariectomized rats with insulin resistance induced by high fructose.Methods Forty-eight mature female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: the normal control group (NC, n= 12) rats were fed with the normal diet for 8 weeks; the model group (M, n= 12)rats were ovariectomized and fed with the high fructose diet for 8 weeks, meanwhile the physiological-dose of 17βestradiol (30 μg · kg-1 · d-1 ) was injected subcutaneously every day; the vehicle control group (VC, n= 12) rats were ovariectomized and fed with the high fructose diet for eight weeks, meanwhile equivalent alcohol was injected subcutaneously every day. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and fasting serum insulin (FSI) were measured and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was calculated. The expressions of mRNA and protein of insulin receptor-α in quadriceps femoris were measured by RT-PCR and Western-blot. Results Compared with the normal control group, SBP (P<0.05), FBS (P<0.05) and FSI (P<0.01) were increased significantly while ISI was decreased significantly (P < 0. 05) in the model group. The expressions of mRNA and protein of insulin receptor-α and phosphorylated Akt were decreased significantly in quadriceps femoris in the model group (P<0.05), compared with the normal control group. However, these effects were reversed by 17β-estradiol in the 17βestradiol replacement group. Conclusions 17β-Estradiol inhibits insulin resistance, and up-regulates the expression of insulin receptor-α and the level of phosphorylated Akt in ovariectomized rats with insulin resistance induced by high fructose diet.

Animals ; Decompression ; Decompression Sickness ; physiopathology ; Electrocardiography ; Electroencephalography ; Electromyography ; Electrophysiology ; Male ; Rabbits

Trypanosoma is a human parasite severely affecting poor tropical areas.However,current frontline drugs for Trypanosoma treatment have severe side-effects with decreased effectiveness.Based on the fact that aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is a bonafide drug target for several microorganisms,including bacteria and fungi,it is plausible that it may also be effective target of Trypanosoma.The Trypanosoma brucei leucyl-tRNA synthetase(tbLeuRS)was cloned,expressed and purified to develop an in vitro enzymatic assay system.The assay conditions were further optimized for the effective screening of tbLeuRS inhibitors thus establishing an anti-Trypanosoma drug screening system targeting tbLeuRS.The results indicated that this system can be employed for the effective screening of anti-Trypanosoma drugs with satisfactory specificity.In addition,this system can also be used for compound optimization,as well as IC50 testing.Using this system a series of compounds are identified that are effective Trypanosoma inhibitors without toxicity to human cells.Therefore,targeting tbLeuRS may represent a new venue for the development of anti-Trypanosoma drugs.

Objective To explore the relationship between X - linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SEDL) gene escaping X chromosome inactivation( XCI) and SEDL phenotype. Methods RT - PCR was performed on total RNA which was isolated from blood samples of patients, female carriers and controls. Patients and female carriers were selected from the pedigree with SEDL caused by the mutation (IVS2 - 2A→C) of the gene. cDNA was analyzed by polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis(PAGE). Results PAGE data indicateed that female carriers expressed both normal and mutant SEDL mRNA,meaning the SEDL gene escaping XCI. Family investigation showed carrier females in the SEDL pedigree presented no symptoms. Conclusions The SEDL gene escaping X chromosome in-activation is firstly identified from human body. This may explain that carrier females present no symptoms.

Aim To investigate the effects of arecoline on glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats and its mechanisms in glucose metabolism.Methods A type 2 diabetic rat model was established by fed with high fructose-high fat diet.The animals were randomly divided into 7 groups: control group,high fructose-high fat diet group(HF)and high fructose-high fat diet+arecoline(1 mg?kg-1,5 mg?kg-1,10 mg?kg-1,20 mg?kg-1,50 mg?kg-1)groups.The blood glucose,lipid level,hepatic function and liver histology were measured.The mRNA expression of liver glucose-6-phosphatase(G6Pase),phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase(PEPCK),Forkhead Box O1(FoxO1)and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-? coactlvator-1? (PGC-1?)were observed through RT-PCR.Results In comparison with the high fructose-high fat diet group,the fasting blood glucose and TC of the rats were significantly decreased by arecoline in a dose-dependment manner in high fructose-high fat diet+arecoline group.But hepatic function was damaged by 10 mg?kg-1,20 mg?kg-1 and 50 mg?kg-1 arecoline.The mRNA expression of hepatic G6Pase,PEPCK,FoxO1 and PGC-1? was decreased by treatment with 1 mg?kg-1 and 5 mg?kg-1 arecoline compared with the high fructose-high fat diet group.Conclusions Low dose arecoline can decrease fasting blood glucose and TC in type 2 diabettic rats,and the mechanism in glucose metabolism may be related to its effect on the inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis.

Objective To summarize our experience in prevention and treatment of stricture after esopageal burns in the past thirty years.Methods There were 168 cases in this series.Of them,158 cases underwent surgical management in this study.Modified intraluminal stenting was used in 34 cases, colon interposition without resection of strictured esophagus in 77 cases,gastric transposion with resection of the stricture in 27,repair of cervical stricture with platysma myocutaneous flap in 22,and miscellane- ous operation in 12.Eleven cases experienced operation twice or more at our department.Results Twenty-nine cases recovered after treatment with intraluminal stenting,and 5 re-experienced stricture after stent removal.One of the 5 cases with failed stent responded to bougienage,and the remaining 4 cases re- quired esophageal reconstruction later.Of the 77 colon interpositions,5 cases died postoperatively,and complications of cervical anastomotic fistula occurred in 14 cases,anastomotic stenosis in 4,and abdomi- nal incision dehiscence in 2 cases.In the 27 cases with gastric transpositions,postoperative complications of anastomotic stricture occurred in 2 cases and empyema in 1 patient.There was a cervical leak in 3 ca- ses of the 22 cases treated with the repair of cervical esopageal or anastomotic stricture with a platysma myocutaneous flap.In the 12 cases treated with miscellaneous operation,one died of intestinal obstruc- tion.All the survivors had regular diet after discharge.Conclusions Intraluminal stenting can prevent the formation of caustic esophageal stricture.The location of the cicatricial esophagus dictates whether to perform concomitant esophagectomy during esophageal reconstruction.Platysma myocutaneous flap repair is an excellent method for the treatment of severe cervical esophageal or anastomotic stricture.

Based on site-specific transposition of an expression cassette into a baculovirus shuttle vector (Bacmid) which propagated in Escherichia coli, the Bac-to-Bac System provides a rapid and efficient method to generate recombinant baculoviruses and is widely used for high level expression of heterologous proteins. And the efficiency of recombinant baculovirus infecting cells plays an important role on the protein expression. In this study, we introduced an EGFP expression cassette driven by polyhedrin promoter into the p74 locus of Bacmid by homologous recombination. The target Bacmid-egfp was then transformed into E. coli DH10B containing the transposition helper plasmid to gain a new transposition receipt strain E. coli DH10Bac-egfp. Because of the intact attTn7 sites and lacZ', target gene cloned in a pFastBac vector can be transposed into the Bacmid-egfp shutter vector to construct recombinant baculovirus, which would allow the tracing of the target protein expression and the recombinant Bacmid transfection or recombinant baculoviral infection under fluorescence microscopes. Recombinant virus Bac-egfp-DsRed was constructed by transposing DsRed into the Bacmid-egfp in E. coliDHl0Bac-egfp, and the Sf9 cells infected with the recombinant virus expressed DsRed and EGFP efficiently. Another protein IL-6 fused with 6 x his tag was expressed and purified sucessfully from Sf9 cells infected with recombinant virus Bac-egfp-6 x his-IL6 constructed by the improved Bac-to-Bac system.
Animals ; Baculoviridae ; genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; Interleukin-6 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Spodoptera

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of MK2 gene with low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-Α) between different gender in Xinjiang Uygur population.

METHODSA total of 350 Uygur males and 595 females were recruited randomly from Hetian area. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (44890c/t, rs 45514798) in MK2 gene were selected and genotyped by Taqman-PCR in these subjects. All subjects underwent questionnaire-based survey, physical examination, measurement of lipid profiles and plasma TNF-Α determination.

RESULTSAmong the male subjects, the concentration of total cholesterol (TC) [TT vs. CT vs. CC: (4.35±1.20) mmol/L vs. (4.69±1.34) mmol/L vs. (4.83±1.44) mmol/L, P=0.033]and TNF-Α [TT vs.CT vs.CC: (106.63±62.39) ng/dL vs. (128.44±86.15) ng/dL vs. (153.06±82.99) ng/dL, P=0.001]were significantly different in 3 genotypes of 44890c/t. However, the LDL-C levels in TT, CT, and CC genotypes of 44890c/t were not different neither in males nor in females [males: (2.64±1.16) mmol/L vs. (2.81±1.28) mmol/L vs. (3.04±1.32) mmol/L, P>0.05; females: (2.42±1.11) mmol/L vs. (2.36±0.99) mmol/L vs. (2.43±1.05) mmol/L, P>0.05]. None of the allele and genotype frequencies of 44890c/tand rs 45514798 were different between high LDL-C group and control group. Linear regression analysis indicated that body mass index (BMI) (beta=0.089) and TNF-Α (beta=0.092) were significantly associated with LDL-C levels in males (P<0.05), while the age, BMI, and waist/hip ratio with LDL-C levels in females (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe nucleotide polymorphisms (44890c/t and rs 45514798) in MK2 gene may not be associated with LDL-C in both males and females in the Uygur population in Hetian, Xinjiang.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minority Groups ; statistics & numerical data ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; genetics ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood