There is rich scientific information in the traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) patents . However , few of them have been efficiently utilized by the academic researchers for a long time . In this paper , TCM patent literatures from 1992 to 2011 were collected by retrieving with SooPat patent searching engine . A total of 638 TCM entries have been indexed, which are consistent with the index in the Modern Chinese Materia Medica. The patents with special academic values were manually screened , and were finally stored in an Access database . A survey on the filed patents was outlined . The work provided a new information resource for the TCM researchers. And it was important to promote the effective use of TCM patents.

Objective To assess the value of end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PETCO2) combined passive leg raising (PLR) test on volume responsiveness assessment in shocked patients post cardiac operation.Methods A prospective,self-controlled,and observational study was conducted.The shocked patients post cardiac operation undergoing complete mechanical ventilation admitted to Department of Critical Care Medicine of First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine,Zhejiang University from June 2014 to October 2015 were enrolled.PETCO2 and hemodynamic parameters including stroke volume variation (SVV),cardiac index (CI),mean arterial pressure (MAP) monitored by a pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) were determined before and after PLR and volume expansion (VE).Volume responsiveness was defined as an increase in CI (△ CI) of 15％ or greater after VE,namely response group (△ CI ≥ 15％) and non-response group (△ CI ＜ 15％).The value of PLR-induced PETCO2 change (△PETCO2 PLH) to predict volume responsiveness was evaluated by receiver operating.characteristic curves (ROC).Results Among the 41 patients enrolled,21 had volume responsiveness (response group),and 20 had no responsiveness (non-response group).After PLR,the changes in CI and PETCO2 were both significantly increased in the response group compared with non-response group [△ CI:(13.5 ± 4.6)％ vs.(3.6± 3.5)％,△ PETCO2:(7.4 ± 3.4)％ vs.(2.8 ± 2.5)％,both P ＜ 0.05].△ PETCO2 PLR and baseline SVV were positively correlated with PLR-induced CI change (△ CI PLR) (r1 =0.50,r2 =0.38,both P ＜ 0.05).VE-induced PETCO2 change (△ PETCO2 VE),baseline SVV and △ CI PLR were positively correlated with VE-induced CI (△ CI VE) (r1 =0.58,r2 =0.56 and r3 =0.84,all P ＜ 0.01).The area under ROC curve (AUC) of △ PETCO2 PLR was 0.875±0.054 [95％ confidence interval (95％CI) =0.769-0.981,P ＜ 0.05].△ PETCO2 PLR ≥ 5.8％ predicted volume responsiveness with sensitivity of 76.2％ and specificity of 90.0％.AUC of △CI PLR was 0.933±0.036 (95％CI =0.862-1.000,P ＜ 0.05).△CI PLR ≥ 10.4％ predicted volume responsiveness with sensitivity of 81.0％ and specificity of 90.0％.AUC of baseline SVV was 0.831 ±0.066 (95％CI =0.702-0.960,P ＜ 0.05).Baseline SVV ≥ 12.5％ predicted volume responsiveness with sensitivity of 85.7％ and specificity of 75.0％.Conclusion The change in PETCO2 induced by PLR is a convenient,reliable and non-invasive indicator to predict volume responsiveness in shocked patients post cardiac operation with mechanical ventilation.

Objective:To design an intra-abdominal pressure measuring device applied to children on peritoneal dialysis (PD), and evaluate the feasibility and safety of the application of the device.Methods:The device consisted of a three-way stopcock with extension tubing, a three-way stopcock, a manometer tube, and a "Y" system peritoneal dialysis bag. The intraperitoneal pressure of different fill volumes was measured when a child was supine and relaxed in a horizontal position. The subjects of the study were children who received PD at the Pediatric Hospital of Fudan University from May 2019 to February 2020 and had PD dialysis age of>1 month. The children's demographic and clinical information were collected. During the measurement, the child’s complaints of pain, bloating, vital signs, and catheter-related contamination were recorded. Additionally, the occurrence of dialysis-related infections and complications during the hospitalization and outcomes of PD after three months of the measurement were tracked. A scatter plot and Pearson correlation test were used to explore the correlation between fill volumes and the intraperitoneal pressure.Results:Nine PD children were included in our study. The age of the children was (8.4±4.7) years old. The body surface area is (0.84±0.29) m 2. The intraperitoneal pressure was (12.6±1.9) cmH 2O at the fill volume of 1 000 ml/m 2 and (13.8±1.9) cmH 2O at the fill volume of 1 200 ml/m 2. The measurement was smoothly and safely taken without any case of contamination and dialysis-related infections during the hospitalization. After three months of the measurement, one child was transferred to temporary hemodialysis due to the aggravation of the umbilical hernia. Conclusions:The intraperitoneal pressure measuring device is feasible and safe to perform among children with PD. It can achieve non-invasive and continuous measurement of intra-abdominal pressure, and has guiding significance for the dialysis prescription of children with PD.

OBJECTIVETo study the concentrations of IL-4 and IL-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and concurrent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

METHODSSixty-eight neonates with RDS undergoing mechanical ventilation for over 48 hrs were enrolled. IL-4 and IL-13 levels in BALF were measured using ELISA 1, 72 and 96 hrs after mechanical ventilation. The results were compared between the neonates with concurrent VAP (n=37) and without (n=31).

RESULTSThe levels of BALF IL-4 96 hrs after ventilation in the VAP group (35.34+/-1.78 ng/mL) were significantly higher than those in the non-VAP group (13.69+/-2.47 ng/mL, P<0.05). The levels of BALF IL-13 96 hrs after ventilation in the VAP group (33.74+/-2.74 ng/mL) also increased significantly compared with those in the non-VAP group (13.50+/-3.81 ng/mL) (P<0.05). There were significant differences in BALF IL-4 and IL-13 levels between 1 hr and 96 hrs in the VAP group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSBALF IL-4 and IL-13 levels increase in neonates with RDS and concurrent VAP. IL-4 and IL-13 may involve in the regulation of the inflammatory immune response.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Interleukin-13 ; analysis ; Interleukin-4 ; analysis ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated ; immunology ; microbiology ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; immunology

Objective To investigate the distribution status of coal-burning fluorosis (endemic fluorosis) areas in Luoyang and to provide scientifc evidence for making strategies in prevention and control. Methods In 2006, a household per village was chosen to carry the general survey so as of disease condition, living habits and housing structure among 941 coal-burning pollution fluorine sickness natural villages in Yanshi, Mengjin, Xin'an, Luanchuan counties and Geely area which were under the jurisdiction of Luoyang. In the general survey, the sampled village having a population of more than 500 person was considered as a major survey village, and water fluoride, 8 - 12 year-old child fluorine spot on tooth and the urinary fluoride were surveyed. Water fluoride and the child urinary fluoride determination used the fluoride ion selective electrode method, and the children's dental fluorosis used Dean method. Results The endemic fluorosis of Luoyang existed 742 in endemic fluomsis villages, compared with history, a decrease of 199 in number. Ninety-six point seven per cent( 142 543/147 419) of the households were consuming smoke-free coal. Households using intact kitchens accounted for 93.6%( 137 919/147 419). Of which 63.0%(86 889/137 919) of kitchens were mixed up with bedrooms. Total 125 060 people were using coal- fired furnace for heating, of which 87.8%(109 802/125 060) had smoke-free facilities, 12.2%(15 258/125 060) had none. Among 52 endemic villages with population of more than 500 people surveyed, a total of 183 water samples were collected, 2 had water fluoride exceeding 1.0 rag/L, the highest water fluoride being 1.04 rag/L, averaging 0.39 mg/L Sixteen villages had a prevalence rate of dental fluorosis for children less than 30.00%, accounting for 30.8% (16/52), 36 endemic villages the prevalence of dental fluorosis detection rate of more than 30.00%, accounting for 69.2%(36/52). Twenty-thrce villages had a dental fluorosis index greater than 0.6, severe dental fluorosis was not found. Real-time measurement of 1408 urine samples of children aged 8 - 12 showed that urine fluoride highest value 6.88 nag/L, the minimum value of 0.10 mg/L, geometric mean 1.10 mg/L. The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis for children was 36.06%. Conclusions In Luoyang city, numbers of coal-burning endemic fluorosis villages are less than before, children's dental fluorosis has significantly declined, however some people still use kitchens connecting with bedrooms and lack smoke-free facilities, they need to be educated to change lifestyle and improve furnace to reduce soot fluoride pollution.

OBJECTIVETo extract two kinds of phenols 4-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxy-4-(2-oxopropyl) cyclohexa-2, 5-dien-l-one and 6-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxy coumarin (named as I and H compounds respectively) from Ajania salicifolia and to investigate their antioxidation and cytotoxicity to tumors and explore their pro-apoptosis mechanism.

METHODSThe antioxidant activities of two compounds were assessed by ABTS and DPPH radical-scavenging assays. Two compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against human chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562) cells using the MIT assay. The expression of NF-kappaB P65 mRNA in K562 apoptotic cells was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time quantitative PCR. In addition, protein expression levels of the NF-ICB P65, p-Akt, Fas, P-catenina and E-cadherin were also measured by Western blot.

RESULTS(1) We found that compound I displayed significant inoxidizability, while compound II had no obvious antioxidizability. (2) In cytotoxicity experiments, compound I didn't display cytotoxicity while compound H displayed obvious cytotoxicity. (3) Compared with the blank group, the expression of NF-kappaB P65 mRNA in K562 cell after treatment with compound II was obviously up-regulated. (4) Compared with the blank group, the expression levels of NF-kappaB P65, Fas, beta-catenina and E-cadherin were significantly increased in compound II treated groups and it appeared obvious dose-effect relationship between the expression of protein and drug concentration.

CONCLUSIONTwo phenols have obvious antioxidizability and cytotoxicity respectively. On the one hand, the tumor-suppressing mechanism of compound II maybe act by up-regulation the expression of NF-kappaB P65 and Fas protein; thereby, affecting the classical Fas apoptosis signaling pathways. On the other hand, it can also up-regulate the expression of protein beta-catenin and E-cadherin, which participate in the adhesion between cells, and accordingly, playing an important role in preventing the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells.

Apoptosis ; Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Oncogene Protein v-akt ; metabolism ; Phenols ; chemistry ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; beta Catenin ; metabolism ; fas Receptor ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the risk factors for hearing impairment in premature infants.

METHODSA total of 895 premature infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit from January to December 2010 were evaluated using distortion product otoacoustic emission to detect hearing impairment. The failure rates in initial screening and secondary screening were recorded. The risk factors for failure to pass hearing screenings were elucidate using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSThe failure rate in initial screening was 38.4%, and the failure rate in secondary screening was 18.3%. In the auditory brainstem response test conducted at three months after birth, the failure rate was 22.2%. In premature infants with a gestational age of 28-29(+6) weeks, 60.5% did not pass the initial screening; 48.1% of the premature infants with a birth weight of 1 001-1 499  g failed the initial screening; 70.0% of the premature infants with a birth weight of ≤1 000  g failed the initial screening; 53.8% of the premature infants who had severe asphyxia failed the initial screening; 45.0% of the premature infants who used invasive ventilation failed the initial screening; 47.9% of the premature infants with a total bilirubin of ≥340 µmol/L failed the initial screening; 54.6% of the premature infants with septicemia failed the initial screenings. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the following independent risk factors for failing the initial and secondary hearing screenings: gestational age, birth weight, hyperbilirubinemia and septicemia.

CONCLUSIONSPremature infants are susceptible to hearing impairment because they have immature organs and tissues and incomplete blood-brain barrier function and are sensitive to such factors as hyperbilirubinemia and infection. Early hearing screening and follow-up are necessary for premature infants to ensure timely interventions.

Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Female ; Hearing Loss ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Premature, Diseases ; etiology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Neonatal Screening ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of short-term intensive therapy on blood glucose control, BETA-cell function, and blood lipid levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.

METHODSOut-patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled for intensive treatment with sulfonylureas and metformin for 12 weeks, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated.

RESULTSAfter the intensive treatment, FPG, 2 hPG, and HbA1c decreased significantly (P<0.01); HOMA-IR decreased and HOMA-B increased significantly (P<0.01), and TG, CHOL, LDL decreased significantly (P<0.01) after the treatment.

CONCLUSIONShort-term intensive treatment with glimepiride combined with metformin is safe and effective in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with HbA1c>9%.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metformin ; therapeutic use ; Sulfonylurea Compounds ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDStudies suggested that anesthetics administered upon the early reperfusion or "anesthetic postconditioning" could protect post-ischemic hearts against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI). However, the mechanism responsible for such protection was not well-elucidated. We investigated the cardioprotection induced by sevoflurane postconditioning (SpostC) in rat hearts in vitro, and the respective role of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK 1/2), mitochondrial K(ATP) channels (mitoK(ATP)) and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), by selectively inhibiting PI3K, ERK 1/2, mitoK(ATP), with LY294002 (LY), PD98059 (PD), 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) and by directly opening of mPTP with atractyloside (ATR), respectively.

METHODSIsolated rat hearts were randomly assigned to one of the 12 groups (n = 15): Time control (continuous perfusion), ISCH (30 minutes of ischemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion alone), SpostC (3% sevoflurane postconditioning was administered during the first 15 minutes of reperfusion after 30 minutes of ischemia), ISCH + LY, ISCH + PD, ISCH + ATR, ISCH + 5-HD and ISCH + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) groups (LY, PD, ATR, 5-HD and DMSO (the vehicle) was administered respectively during the first 15 minutes of reperfusion following test ischemia), SpostC + LY, SpostC + PD, SpostC + ATR and SpostC + 5-HD groups (LY, PD, ATR and 5-HD was coadministered with 3% sevoflurane, respectively). Hemodynamics was compared within and between groups. Infarction size was determined at the end of experiments using triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) released from necrotic myocardium, were compared among TC, ISCH and SpostC groups. To investigate the relationships between RISK and mPTP implicated in SpostC, NAD(+) content in myocardium, a marker of mPTP opening, was compared among some experimental groups (TC, ISCH, ISCH + LY, ISCH + PD, ISCH + DMSO, SpostC, SpostC + LY, SpostC + PD). To further investigate whether the anti-apoptotic mechanism is implicated in SpostC-induced cardioprotection and its association with mitochondria, TUNEL staining was performed in some experimental groups (TC, ISCH, ISCH + 5-HD, ISCH + ATR, ISCH + DMSO, SpostC, SpostC + 5-HD, SpostC + ATR).

RESULTSWhen compared with unprotected hearts subjected to 30 minutes of ischemia, exposure to 3% sevoflurane for 15 minutes during early reperfusion significantly improved functional recovery, decreased myocardial infarct size, decreased LDH, CK-MB and cTnI release, and decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis (P < 0.05). However, such cardioprotective effects of hemodynamic recovery and infarct size reduction by sevoflurane was completely abolished by any one of LY294002, PD98059, atractyloside and 5-hydroxydecanoate (P < 0.05). Additionally, either LY294002 or PD98059 could reverse the inhibitory effect of SpostC over mPTP opening upon reperfusion (P < 0.05). Both atractyloside and 5-hydroxydecanoate could abrogate the anti-apoptotic effects of SpostC (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThese findings demonstrate that PI3K, ERK 1/2, mitoK(ATP) and mPTP are key players in sevoflurane postconditioning induced cardioprotective mechanisms in isolated rat hearts subjected to MIRI.

Anesthetics, Inhalation ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Heart ; drug effects ; Male ; Methyl Ethers ; therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo describe the clinical features, treatments and prognosis of very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) requring mechanical ventilation, to assess the risk factors associated with the mortality of VLBWIs, and to evaluate the significance of the scoring system based on clinical risk index for babies (CRIB) and the score for neonatal acute physiology-perinatal extension II (SNAPPE-II) for predicting mortality risk for premature infants in China.

METHODSPerinatal data were collected from 127 VLBWIs requring mechanical ventilation who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from January 2010 to October 2011.

RESULTSThe enrolled infants had a mean gestational age of 31±2 weeks, a mean birth weight of 1290±170 g, a male/female ratio of 1.23∶1, and extremely low birth weight infant accounting for 6.3%. Of the 127 cases, 48.0% were administered with pulmonary surfactant (PS), and 49.6% received endotracheal intubation ventilation. The overall in-hospital mortality was 41.7%. Multivariate logistic regression revealed the following independent risk factors for mortality: low birth weight, multiple birth, cesarean section, and low PaO2/FiO2 ratio (OR = 1.611, 7.572, 4.062, and 0.133 respectively; P<0.05). SNAPPE-II and CRIB showed good performance in predicting prognosis, with areas under the ROC curve of 0.806 and 0.777 respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe overall mortality rate of VLBWIs is still relatively high. The high-risk factors for VLBWI mortality include low birth weight, multiple birth, cesarean section, and low PaO2/FiO2 ratio. The neonatal illness severity scoring system (using SNAPPE-II and CRIB) can be used to quantify illness severity in premature infants.

Adult ; Female ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; ROC Curve ; Respiration, Artificial ; Risk Factors