Objective To investigate the effect of stress induced by fear on germ cells apoptosis in rat's testis. Methods 36 SD rats were randomly assigned to acute stress group, subacute stress group, chronic stress group and control group, respectively. The model of the stress rat induced by fear was reproduced. The levels of caspase-3 mRNA and bax /bcl-2 mRNA expression in rats' testis were determined by fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR. The apoptosis of spermatogonic cell, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte and spermatid was identified by TUNEL. Results Caspase-3 mRNA, compared with that in control group, was expressed highly in the subacute stress group (5.34?1.13 vs 3.67?0.34, P0.05). The ratio of bax /bcl-2 mRNA, compared with that in the control group, was increased significantly in the subacute stress group (2.68?0.86 vs 1.60?0.42, P0.05). Compared with that in control group (1.50?0.58), the apoptotic index of germ cells was higher in the subacute stress group (10.50?1.29, P0.05). Conclusion Stress induced by fear plays an important role in inducing germ cells apoptosis, and caspase-3, bax and bcl-2 were involved in this process.

BACKGROUND:Spiral acetabular prosthesis has good stability during total hip arthroplasty.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the early therapeutic effect of Zweymüler spiral acetabular prosthesis in total hip arthroplasty for patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip.
METHODS:Totaly 38 patients (48 hips) with developmental dysplasia of the hip received total hip arthroplasty with Zweymüler spiral acetabular prosthesis from January 2011 to June 2013 were selected. The clinical effect was observed after the operation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 38 patients were folowed up for 21-46 months (averagely 42.3 months). One case suffered from deep venous thrombosis. Harris scores and Charnely scores apparently increased after surgery compared with that before surgery. The mean length of the osteotomy was 2.42±0.48 cm, and the mean extended length of the affected limb was 4.58±1.15 cm. X-ray films showed that there was no disunion of the osteotomy, no subsidence and loosening of prosthesis. The position of the acetabulum was suitable. The healing time of bone graft was 3-11 months (averagely 5.3 months). The coverage of the acetabular component was 92.5%, with a good initial stability, and the excelent rate of the operation was 90%. The satisfaction rate of patients was 84%. These results indicate that the Zweymüler spiral acetabular prosthesis has the advantages of reasonable design, good initial stability, low loosening rate and high satisfaction degree. However, the number of cases of this study was relatively smal, the folow-up time was short, and only the short-term effect was evaluated. Thus, the midterm and long-term effects need to be observed by the folow-up evaluation.

Objective To investigate the effects of different depths of propofol sedation on patients under neurally adjusted ventilator assist (NAVA)ventilation.Methods A total of fifty patients supported by NAVA ventilation admitted from June 2012 to June 2015 into intensive care unit (ICU)were enrolled for prospective study.The patients were randomly divided into light sedation group (n =20)and deep sedation group (n =20).The respiratory mechanics index:peak inspiration pressure (PIP),mean airway pressure (Pmean),electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi),gas exchange index,pH value of arterial blood, partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2 ), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2 ), patient-ventilator synchrony,trigger delay time,off cycle delay time,hemodynamic indexes,mean arterial blood pressure (MAP),heart rate (HR)of the two groups were detected and documented.Enumeration data were analyzed with χ2 test,measurement data were analyzed with t test,and P <0.05 was considered to be significant.Results The PIP,Pmeam and EAdi under light sedation and deep sedation were lower than those in wakefulness (compared with wakefulness,the t values of PIP,Pmean and EADi under light sedation were 2.519,2.363,2.980,respectively and the t values of those under deep sedation were 3.158, -4.307,4.462,P <0.05).Compared with light sedation,the PIP,Pmeam and EAdi were significant decrease under deep sedation (the t values were 2.018, -2.441,3.402,respectively,P <0.05).There were no significant differences in MAP,HR,PaCO2 between light sedation and before sedation (the t values were 1.620,1.492, -0.267,respectively,P >0.05 ),while under the deep sedation,MAP and HR were lower than those in wakefulness and under light sedation (compared with wakefulness,the t values of deep sedation respectively were 2.805,2.944,and compared with light sedation,the t values of deep sedation were significantly reduced to 2.175,2.019,respectively,P <0.05)and PaCO2 under deep sedation (the t values respectively were -4.644,-0.315,P <0.05)was significant increased compared with light sedation and before sedation.There were no significant difference in pH,PaO2 ,trigger delay,off cycle delay between after sedation and before sedation,and between light sedation and deep sedation (compared with wakefulness,the t values of light sedation were -1.470, 1.250, -0.745, -0.555,respectively,and the t values of deep sedation respectively were -1.090,-0.333, -1.088, -0.717,while compared with light sedation,the t values of deep sedation respectively were -0.612, -0.542,0.379,1.225,P >0.05 ).Conclusions Light sedation of propofol could reduce the EAdi and airway pressure without effect on gas exchange,haemodynamics and patient-ventilator synchrony in the patients under NAVA ventilation.

Wuhan Pu Ai Hospital implemented the pharmaceutical direct supply mode since October 2006 as an experiment.The pilot proved the mode as successful in reducing drug costs proportion,promoting rational use of drugs,and raising business volume of the hospital.Authors also recommend to further efforts in drug supply price supervision mechanism,government subsidy mechanism,direct supply catalogue and drug supply mode among others.Other recommendations include innovation in directly supply mode,hospital internal reform,packaged performance appraisal and incentive mechanism for medical workers,and building a ceiling mechanism for total medical expense control.

Objective To analyze the related factors in new born failed in hearing screening and its audiological characteristics . Methods From May 2009 to Febrary 2012 ,952 infants within the 3 to 6-month-old with detailed birth records and hearing screen-ing records were reviewed in the study .They were born in Chongqing and surrounding areas ,but failed in the first and second hear-ing screening .They were tested by auditory brainstem response (ABR) ,distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) ,tympan-ometry and stapedius reflex .Results The normal ratio of tympanogram ,normal group(74 .25% ) was higher than the high-risk group(69 .61% )(P<0 .05);The pass proportion of DPOAE in normal group(34 .57% ) was higher than high-risk group(27 .94% ) (P<0 .05);In normal group ,ABR response threshold >30 dBnHL was 55 .80% ,60 .36% in high-risk group .High-risk group′s hearing abnormality rate was significantly higher than the normal group (P<0 .05);In normal group ,mean threshold of ABR was (47 .64 ± 22 .86)dBnHL .While it was(50 .58 ± 25 .02)dBnHL in high-risk group .The threshold was higher in normal group than high-risk group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion premature birth ,low birth weight(<1 500 g) ,hyperbilirubinemia ,neonatal asphyxia ,pal-ace the virus infection ,mechanical ventilation ≥ 5 days ,≥ 2 high-risk factors are risk factors for hearing loss .Newborn hearing screening is a long and arduous task ,We should enhance screening efforts in infant with high risk factors ,and actively prevent and treat neonatal perinatal risk factors and reduce the incidence of hearing loss .

The development and wide application of assisted reproductive techniques(ART) help many couples suffered from infertility and/or sterility to get baby.Meanwhile,the usage of ART led to much ethic problem.We,hence,investigate the strategies to deal with the ethic problem in ART correctly.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of high incidence of cardiovascular diseases and the levels of plasma lipids and oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein(Ox-LDL) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods: Fifty-five patients with RA(24 case of active type,31 non-active) and 60 healthy controls were randomly chosen.Plasma lipids and Ox-LDL levels were studied.All the data were subjected to statistical analysis.Results: Compared with the control,total cholesterol(TC),LDL cholesterol(LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B(apoB) levels were increased in patients with active RA,while TC,triglyceride(TG),LDL-C,apoAⅠ,B and Ox-LDL levels were elevated in those with non-active RA.Furthermore,plasma lipids and Ox-LDL level decreased in the active patients as compared with the non-active ones,while only the change of apoAⅠhad statistical significance.The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was found negatively related with TC,LDL-C,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and apoAⅠ,while C-reacting protein was found negatively related with LDL-C and HDL-C.Conclusion: Ox-LDL and plasma lipid levels were changed in RA patients.Inflammation may induce changes of lipoprotein and play an important role in atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND:The post-core crown system is an effective method for dental defect repair, but its repair outcomes are influenced by various factors;thereby, a further study is needed to optimize this method.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the stress distribution in different degrees of dental defect after post-core crown restoration under different occlusal contacts. METHODS:Three-dimensional models of the mandibular first molar were established by CT images, and models of complete natural teeth, six different defected teeth (total maxil ofacial slight and severe defects, distal middle maxil ofacial slight and severe defects, proximal middle maxil ofacial slight and severe defects) and two different post-core crowns (fiber post and zirconia post) were created by software. These models were imported into ANSYS software to analyze the stress distribution in dentin and periodontium under stable occlusal contact (ABC) and unstable occlusal contact (AC), respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The stress in dentin and the periodontium after post-core crown restoration under AC was obviously higher than that under ABC, and AC affected the restored teeth more markedly. The post-core crown material with higher elastic modulus could induce higher stresses, and severe defected teeth showed higher stress distribution. Different defected types made no overt effects on the stress distribution in the periodontium. These results suggest that the B area contact is critical in regulating occlusal contacts of restoration.

Objective\ To study whether gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR)mRNA exist in rat submaxillary gland and it's gene sequence. Methods\ The total RNA isolated from rat submaxillary gland was amplified by RT\|PCR, the PCR products were identified by sequencing with Sanger's method. Results\ The specific amplified band of GnRHR mRNA was detected through agarose gel electrophoresis and gene sequence is identical to the sequence of GnRHR which has been reported in rat pituitary. Conclusion\ GnRHR can be produced by submaxillary and response for modulating biological function of submaxillary.\;

Objective To investigate the effects of exogenous glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)on colon glial cells in slow transit constipation (STC ) rats,and to explore the optimal concentration of GDNF in order to provide evidence for intestinal neurotrophic therapy in the treatment of STC.Methods A total of 132 SD rats were divided into STC group and control group,66 rats in each group.STC rats were established by feeding with rhubarb.Six rats were randomly selected from either groups to verify whether STC model was successfully established.And the left 120 rats of two groups were randomly divided into six subgroups:STC group one to group six and control group one to group six,ten rats in each group,which were untreated,injected through tail vein with saline,and 0.001 ,0.010, 0.050,0.100 μg/L GDNF 2 mL respectively for one week.The expression of Sox-8 at protein level of either group were detected by Western blotting.Independent sample t test was performed for statistical analysis.Results After treated with 0.001 μg/L GDNF (STC group three),there was no significant
difference in expression level of Sox-8 between STC group three and STC group one (13.38 ±0.70 vs 13.39±0.45 ,t = 0.042,P = 0.969 ).After treated with 0.010 μg/L GDNF (STC group four),the difference in expression level of Sox-8 between STC group four and STC group three was significant (21 .11 ±2.56 vs 13.38±0.70,t=5 .040,P <0.01).After treated with 0.050 μg/mL GDNF (STC group five),the expression level of Sox-8 was higher than that in STC group four (31.86±1.57 vs 21.11±2.56,t=-6.198,P <0.01 ).The Sox-8 expression of untreated,saline treated,0.001 and 0.050 μg/L GDNF treated STC rats (STC group one,two,three and five)were lower than those of the corresponding control groups (t= 3.394,12.103,10.302,- 6.120,all P < 0.05 ).Conclusion Exogenous GDNF could increase Sox-8 expression in colon tissue of STC rats,an increase in the number of colon glial cells could repair enteric nervous system,and 0.050 μg/L was the optimal concentration.