Tumor chemoresistance can lead to chemotherapy failure.Research have identified multiple mutations in both the death receptor and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways,which result in tumor resistance to chemotherapy.Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of abnormal apoptosis will facilitate the development of targeted tumor therapies.Novel drugs targeting the mutated apoptotic pathways are availble or in the clinic trial.

Objective:To evaluate reproductivity of nucleotide sequencing for quantitative determination of viral fitness. Methods:F gene fragments from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) A2 strain,palivizumab escape mutants,F212 and MP4,were amplified by RT-PCR,gel purified,quantified by spectrophotometry and adjusted to same concentration. A2,F212 and MP4 RT-PCR products were mixed at different ratios and determined for nucleotide sequence. Electropherograms at sites with ambiguity were visually measured by using ABI EDIT software. Proportion of RT-PCR products from prototype virus or escape mutants represented viral fitness level. Molecular cloning was utilized to validate input ratios of RT-PCR products. Results:Dual peaks were seen at 816 and 828 positions in the F gene for A2/F212 and A2/MP4mixtures,respectively. Proportion of prototype virus and escape mutants were gained by measuring the heights of dual peaks. Measured ratios were similar to premixed ratios which were confirmed by molecular cloning. Conclusion:Nucleotide sequencing is reliable,easy assay for evaluation of viral fitness and practical for screening escape mutants and viral fitness in viral infections,such as HIV infection.

The arterial supply of the proximal end of the human femur in 100 specimens ranging in age from newborn to 67 years were studied by perfusion method. A complete extracapsular anastomotic ring, formed by both the medial and the lateral femoral circumflex arteries, was present surrounding the base of the femoral neck in 71％. An incomplete subsynovial intraarticular anastomotic ring, formed by the four ascending cervical arterial groups (medial, posterior, lateral and anterior), was present at the margin of the articular cartilage in 74％ of the specimens. There might be defect at anterior, posterior or both aspects. The lateral epiphyseal arteries, giving off many multiarcaded branches towards the articular cartilage, supplied the superior, medial, central and the lateral parts of the head. The medial ascending cervical arteries supplied the infero-posterior part of the head. The medial epiphyseal arteries supplied a limited subfoveal area. The nutrition of the free surface of the articular cartilage was derived from the vascular networks in the synovial membrane near the periphery of the articular cartilage and the fovea capitis femoris, and from the synovial fluid. The nutrition of its deep part near the chondro-osseous junction was derived from the looped epiphyseal capillaries. The superior metaphyseal arteries supplied the lateral two thirds of the neck. The medial, anterior and posterior ascending short cervical arteries supplied the corresponding areas of the neck. During the ossification of the chondroepiphysis the medial and lateral epiphyseal vessels and the medial ascending cervical artery established particular vascular anastomotic arch in the epiphysis. With epiphyseal plate closure in the adult the diaphyseal arteries crossed into the head, established free anastomoses with the epiphyseal arteries. The clinical significance of the topographical characteristics, the course and the distribution of the arterial supply to the proximal end of the femur were discussed.

HL7 is a widely-applied international standard for medical information exchange. With a HL7 data interface applied to a mainstream fully automatic biochemical instrument, this paper implements the information exchange between biochemical instruments and LIS following HL7 standard. This paper can be referred to when HL7 applied in other instruments.

Objective:To explore the mental health change among college freshmen,taking the age of late 1980,early 1990 and 1995 as the Qividing years.Method:We randomly selected 300 participants (total 900) in each period from the 2006-2015 year coollege freshman newborn psychological assessment data in a university in Xi'an.The data was analyzed by T-test and variance analysis.Results:There were significant differences among gender,family structure and the local institution in both China college students mental health scale (CCMHS) and college students' Psychological Adaptation (CCSAS).The level of mental health and psychological adaptation of college students after 95 is better than the students at the end of 80 and beginning of 90.Conclusion:College students' mental health and psychological adaptation level showed a trend of rising.But it still needs to carry out sexual mental health knowledge lecturer aiming at the existence of psychosexual disorder,continue to strengthen the newborn adaptability education and activities,establish required course of mental health and popularize mental health knowledge.

Ultrasound molecular imaging has become one of the hotspots of molecular imaging because of its advantages of non-invasion, non-radiation, repeatability and real-time dynamic imaging. The key of imaging is to select the appropriate target and ligand to bind to the ultrasound contrast agent. The formation of blood vessels in the development of tumor is a significant feature. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) is an important specific molecule on tumor vascular endothelial cells, and which can be used as a target for tumor ultrasound imaging. In recent years, many scholars have carried out related studies on the imaging of ultrasound molecules targeting VEGFR. This paper reviewed the mechanism and application of tumor ultrasound molecular imaging with VEGFR as target in recent years.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of D98A,a newly developed superparamagnetic oral MRI contrast agent,in the diagnosis of abdomen.Methods Plain and contrast MRI after taking 500～1000 ml D98Ain 80 patients were performed by using different field strength MR scanners,and the sequences included T 1WI,T 2WI,and fat suppressed sequences.The contrast effect,distribution,influence on demonstration of contours of abdominal organs,and side effects were studied concerning this suspension.Results It showed that this oral contrast agent had good security character,wide consideration area,low cost,good contrast effect,and high value of clinical application.The gastrointestinal tracts appeared as hypointensity on various MR sequences,and thus,made them easy to be identified.The margins of abdominal organs were easier to be located after taking the contrast,and the distinction had statistical denotation.The demonstration rate of gastrointestinal tracts was raised from 10% to 89% after using D98A.There were no side-effects in all patients. Conclusion D98A is safe and effective in facilitating the localization of the abdominal organs.It can improve the accuracy in delineating the gastrointestinal tracts and in diagnosing the lesions of abdominal organs.

Object To study the effect and mechanism of heart beneficial recipe (HBR) on ? amyloid induced neuronal apoptosis Methods In order to establish neurotoxic model, the primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons were treated with 25 ?mol/L aggregated ? amyloid fragment 1 42 (A? 1 42) Neuronal survival was assessed by viable counting after double stained with fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and propidium iodide (PI) Apoptosis of neurons was determined by Hoechst 33258 staining and terminal transferase deoxyuridine nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining The protein expression of Caspase 3 was examined by immunocytochemical SABC method The transcription of mRNAs related to bcl 2, bax, c jun and c fos gene were observed by Northern Blot or RT PCR method Results In the A? 1 42 treated neurons, the number of viable cell was decreased Hoechst 33258 staining showed condensation of nuclear chromatin and nuclear fragmentation TUNEL staining revealed that the number of positive neuron was increased The expression of Caspase 3 protein was elevated The expression of bcl 2 mRNA was decreased, but bax and c jun mRNA were inereased After HBR treatment, the above indexes were improved Conclusion HBR could regulate the expression of apoptosis associated gene and Caspase 3, attenuate the neurotoxic action of A? 1 42 and improve neuronal viability via suppressing apoptotic process

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Diabetic cataract is an metabolic-type cataract. Its pathogenesis mechanism is not completely clear. Researches demonstrated that glycosylation plays an increasingly important role in the formation of diabetic cataract,and increased blood glucose level promote the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic disease by accelerate the glycosylation response. Therefore, more researches on advanced glycation end products(AGEs) and its inhibitors is being concerned. The advance in the study of AGEs concept, its effect on diabetic cataract formation, the influence of AGEs inhibitor on diabetic cataract are summarized in this article.