Nowadays,aging is the general trend of population development in the world.Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the elderly.Because of the atypical symptoms and signs,accompaniment of chronic cardiovascular disease and vulnerability to low blood glucose in the elder patients with diabetes,we should to make safe,effective,and individualized therapeutic programs for them.This paper will review the current prevalence,characteristics,and oral drug selection among elderly individuals with T2DM.

The main reason of recurrence and metastasis in breast cancer is the resistance for the radiotherapy and chemotherapy,and the mechanism of radio-resistance and chemo-resistance may be related to the DNA damage response (DDR).There is a complicated system of the DDR pathway,including cell cycle checkpoint,DNA repair,transcription and apoptosis to maintain the integrity of cell genes.In the cancer treatment,DDR occurs in various kinds of cytotoxic drugs and radiation to cause genetic damage,which limits the curative effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.This promotes the targeted therapy of DDR pathway,especially checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1).Recently,the new viewpoint supports that CHK1 is a main marker of the DDR pathway activation,which shows that CHK1 not only activates the check point but also affects the DNA repair and apoptosis directly.Thus,the role of CHK1 in DDR will promote CHK1 inhibitor to be one of the new treatment strategies for the cancer patients who resist the radiation and chemotherapy.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of PCNL with the use of different percutaneous renal access in treatment of renal calculi.Methods:Percutaneous renal minimal access(F14～F16)or small access(F18～F20)was established randomly in 142 patients,and PCNL were performed in all patients.The clinical parameters including operative time,complication and stone-free rate were compared in the two groups.Results:The operative time of simple renal calculi were(78.3?15.6)min and(91.2? 18.2)min(P0.05)in small access group and minimal access group respectively.The operative time of complicated renal calculi were(115.3?20.1)min and(130.7?28.7)min(P

Calculi ; chemically induced ; Ceftriaxone ; adverse effects ; Child ; Humans ; Lithiasis ; chemically induced

Abnormalities, Multiple ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Child ; Deafness ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Ear ; abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; abnormalities ; Renal Insufficiency ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy

Objective:To investigate the airborne pollen concentration in Beijing city during autumn and to grade the Artemisia pollen concentration .Method:Burkard volumetric trap was used to sample the airborne pollen in Beijing city from August 1st 2007 to October 10th 2007. Patients only allergic to mugwort pollen were followed up, and their symptom scores and the mugwort pollen concentration were analyzed statistically.Result:①Mugwort and Humulus(including Cannabis Sativa L) were the main airborne pollen during August and September in Beijing city, accounting for 31% and 51%,respectively; ②Mugwort pollen season was from 8th August to 8th October;③The daily peak concentration of Mugwort pollen was 267 g/m~3,with an average of 71 g/m~3,the daily peak concentration of Humulus pollen was 672 g/m~3,with an average of 124 g/m3;④88.5% out-patients suffering from hay fever or asthma during Autumn were allergic to mugwort, 28.2% allergic to Humulus;⑤the grading of airborne Mugwort pollen concentration: 0～14 g/m~3 as grade 0, 15～40 g/m~3 as grade Ⅰ, 41～116 g/m~3 as grade Ⅱ,more than 117 g/m~3 as grade Ⅲ.Conclusion:It was the first time that Burkard volumetric sampler was employed in monitoring Mugwort and Humulus concentration in Beijing city. Average concentration of mugwort pollen was about 100 g/m~3, and concentration grade Ⅲ of mugwort pollen was distributed during the last ten days of August and the beginning of September.

Angiocentric Glioma has been newly identified as an epilepsy associated tumory. Up to now, reported cases are still scarce. The tumor causes drug-resistant epilepsy. On histological findings, monomorphous bipolar tumor cells are arranged around vessels. Imaging studies show that the tumor is diffused or rimlike hyperintensity on T1-weighted SE sequences and a stalklike extension to the ventricle on T2-weighted sequences. The World Health Organization listed this new entity in its fourth edition of the WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system published in 2007.

Objective To learn about the mastery level of midwives and obstetric nurses about fetal monitoring knowledge.Methods 77 midwives and obstetric nurses attending a fetal monitoring education programme in Huaxi Second Hospital of Sichuan University were investigated by using a self-made questionnaire.Results Some respondents lacked of systematic training in fetal monitoring knowledge,and they could not accurately answer the purpose or contents of fetal monitoring,as well as the basic elements and related knowledge about fetal electronic monitoring.Most of the respondents focused on fetal monitoring in clinical practice,but neglected the corresponding frontier progresses.Conclusions The training and education on fetal monitoring knowledge should be strengthened to improve obstetric quality because of the unsatisfactory survey results in midwives and obstetric nurses.

Objective To take the initiative in Huaibei region of Pseudomonas aeruginosa OprM efflux phenotype and the presence of genetic analysis to explore the multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the active efflux mechanism.Methods assignment pump inhibitor carbonyl cyano-right-chlorophenyl hydrazone(CCCP)on Pseudomonas aeruginosa ciprofloxacin(CIP) reversal of the sensitivity tests to screen active efflux of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phenotype-positive bacteria;using PCR amplified active efflux phenotype-positive bacteria OprM genes.Results CCCP under the action of 36 Pseudomonas aeruginosa,24 strains of the CIP to improve the sensitivity of four times more active efflux phenotype positive rate was 66.7%(24/36);in OprM gene PCR extension by experiment,there are 16(44.4%,16/36)was amplified 848bp fragment of OprM.Conclusion active efflux phenotype in clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa in widespread;OprM of Pseudomonas aeruginosa genes in active efflux of the most common bacteria.

The rapid cooling contracture in myocardial protection is getting more and more attention. Rapid cooling contracture is referred to as the undepolarized myocardial contracture induced by rapid cooling, which is related with the sudden increase of Ca2+. The Ca2+ released from sarcoplasmic reticulum subsequently causes myocardial contracture through the myofilaments sliding. Its deleterious effects include: more energy consumption, impaired cardiac function, Ca2+ overload, et al. And some investigators have put forward some principals to prevent the bad influences of rapid cooling contracture.