Wheezing in children is a common problem.Approximately 30 percent of infants will have at least one wheezing episode.Although asthma is the condition most commonly associated with wheezing,the high prevalence of wheezing as a common presenting complaint requires consideration of a broad and age-dependent differential diseases.A high index of suspicion of cardiovascular anatomic anomalies should be maintained in infants and children with recurrent wheezing and minimal improvement despite reasonable treatment.Compression of the pediatric airway is a relatively common and often unrecognized complication of a variety of cardiovascular diseases.The most common congenital anomalies associated with airway compression are the vascular rings.Vascular ring abnormalities are aortic arches abnormalities,aberrant left pulmonary artery (pulmonary sling) or aberrant i nnominate artery (innominate artery syndrome).Aortic arches abnormalities include double aortic arch,right/left sided aortic arch with ligamentum arteriosum and aberrant left subclavian artery or cervical aortic arch.Other rare reasons could cause the compression of airway are absent pulmonary valve,aneurysm,left atrial enlargement or massive cardiomegaly.Imaging techniques are usually required for diagnosis.First-tier evaluation of the child with recurrent wheeze should include a chest radiograph.Echocardiography,multi detector computed tomography (MDCT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are performed as the diagnostic pathway.Bronchoscopy is currently the techniques to assess the degree of bronchial malacia and narrowing in pre-operation.Treatment of these abnormalities usually is surgical.

BACKGROUND: Anchorage control is a critical part of orthodontic treatment, and physiologic anchorage loss consists of molar growth and drifting.OBJECTIVE: To detail the principles of physiologic anchorage spee-wire system through the growth and biologic force aspects.METHODS: A computer retrieval of PubMed and CNKI databeses was performed for relevant articles published from June 1976 to October 2016 using the keyword of physiologic anchorage control;anchorage loss; mandible growth in English and Chinese, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The physiologic anchorage spee-wire system cannot only avoid natural growth-induced physiological anchorage loss but also preserve molar anchorage,so as to achieve the request of maximum anchorage.

Tracking changes in the number and function of T cells is of great value to clinical diagnosis and evaluation of the efficacy of allergen immunotherapy. This review summarizes research progress in detection methods for allergen-specific T cells and their application, such as carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester dilution assay, enzyme-linked immunospot assay, intracellular cytokine staining assay and microarray immunosensors, providing references for selecting and developing appropriate detection methods in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical efficacy of warming-needle moxibustion on cervical headache.

METHODSSixty-one patients of cervical headache were randomly divided into a warming-needle moxibustion group (30 cases) and an acupuncture group (31 cases). Tianzhu (BL 10), Fengchi (GB 20), Wangu (GB 12), Tianyou (TE 16), Hegu (LI 4), Taichong (LR 3) and Zulinqi (GB 41) were selected in the two groups. Patients in the acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture; patients in the warming-needle moxibustion group were treated with warming-needle moxibustion at Tianzhu (BL 10), Fengchi (GB 20) and Wangu (GB 12) and acupuncture at the remaining acupoints. The treatment was given once every other day, 3 times a week, and totally 4-week treatment was given. The duration and frequency of headache, numerical rating scale (NRS) of headache and cervical range of motion (ROM) were compared before and after treatment in the two groups; also the efficacy of the two groups was evaluated.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the duration and frequency of headache, headache NRS.and cervical ROM score were improved in both groups (all P < 0.05), which were more significant in the warming-needle moxibustion group (all P < 0.05). The total effective rate was 84.3% (25/30) in the warming-needle moxibustion group, which was significantly superior to 61.3% (19/31) in the acupuncture group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe warming-needle moxibustion presents significant efficacy on cervical headache, which can obviously improve headache symptoms and cervical ROM.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Cervical Vertebrae ; physiopathology ; Female ; Headache ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Neck Pain ; complications ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

AIM: To investigate the effect of sodium nitrite (SN) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and its underlying mechanism in mice. METHODS: All male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were randomly divided into five groups: Control group;LPS group;and SN 4.8 nmol/L, SN 48 nmol/L, SN 480 nmol/L (ip) groups. Lung wet weight/dry weight (W/D) ratio and permeability were detected. Neutrophil infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured by cel1 counting and morphological changes in lung tissues were assayed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The 1evels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in lung were detected. Nitric oxide (NO) level and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in lung were measured according to the specification. RESULTS: Compared to lung in LPS-induced ALI mice, at doses of 4.8 nmol/L and 48 nmol/L, not 480 nmol/L, SN markedly decreased the lung W/D ratio, total leukocyte number and neutrophil percentage in the BALF, lung permeability, and TNF-α/IL-10 ratio, in lung. SN at dose of 480 nmol/L markedly increased the lung NO level compared to control group. In addition, SN decreased the total NOS and inducible NOS (iNOS) activities compared to LPS-induced ALI mice. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the protective effect of SN against LPS-induced ALI in mice is associated with the low dose SN-induced NO, as well as the subsequent decrease in iNOS activity and TNF-α/IL-10 ratio.

Laser scanning confocal microscope is a kind of new analytical apparatus for molecular cell biology research.It has been used in many fields of biomedical research.Brief introduction of its function and feature is given in this article.Recent development is summarized in application of laser scanning confocal microscope for localization and quantification of tumor tissue and cell protein,observation of sub-cellular structure of tumor ceils,study on tumor related receptor,distribution of antitumor drug and mechanism of tumor multi-drug resistance.

Objective To explore the effect of flexible ureteroscope holmium laser treatment on segment kid-ney stones and ureter.Methods 100 cases with stone were randomly divided into two groups according to the digital table method.The control group received puncture percutaneous nephrolithotomy lithotomy,the observation group was treated with flexible ureteroscope holmium laser surgery.The surgical time,hospital stay,surgical removal rates and adverse events were observed.Results The operation time[(46.12 ±11.34) min],hospital stay[(5.34 ± 1.67)d],surgical removal rate(92.00%) and adverse reaction rate (14.00%) of the observation group were better than the control group (t=4.21,2.98,4.53,χ2 =3.97,all P<0.05).Conclusion Flexible ureteroscope holmium laser surgery in the treatment of renal and ureteral calculi can get better treatment.

Retinal neuronal cells are crucial in the formation of vision.Injury or death of these cells may lead to irreversible damage to visual function due to their low regenerative capacity.The P2X7 receptor is a trimeric adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-gated cation channel.Recent studies have shown that P2X7 receptor plays a role in retinal neuronal death.In a series of animal models,when exposed to conditions of hypoxia or ischemia,elevated ocular pressure,trauma and exogenous agonists,P2X7 receptor activated by extracellular ATP can cause death of retinal neuronal cells such as retinal ganglion cells and photoreceptor cells through direct or indirect pathways.Blocking the expression and function of P2X7 receptor by its specific antagonist and gene knocking-out,the loss of retinal neuronal cells is significantly attenuated.P2X7 receptor may become a potential novel neuroprotective target for diseases related to the loss of retinal neurons.

Guanylyl cyclase C( GCC)is a specific intestinal tissue polypeptide expressed in intestinal epithelial cells,and is also expressed in colorectal cancer cell line and primary and metastatic colorectal cancer. Studies have indicated that level of GCC mRNA in blood could contribute to the early detection of colorectal cancer metastasis and recurrence,and is beneficial to the formulation of therapeutic regimen and follow-up. This article reviewed the progress in research on GCC in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of procaterol and montelukast on lung function in children with moderate persistent asthma.Methods 86 children with moderate persistent asthma from January 2014 to December 2014 in our hospital were studied,and according to the random number table method,they were divided into the control group and the observation group,43 cases in each group.The observation group was treated with procaterol combined with montelukast,the control group was treated with procaterol.The cough relief and disappearance time,the improvement of pulmonary function after treatment,the clinical effect and the control of asthma after one month of the two groups were compared.Results After treatment,children cough relief and disappeared time of the observation group was significantly shorter than the control group (t =4.418 5,3.784 4,P =0.000 0,0.000 3).After treatment, the pulmonary function was found to improve the situation of the observation group being good than the control group, PEF,FVC,FEV1 ,FEV1 /FVC predicted values were significantly higher than the control group (all P <0.05).The total effective rate of the observation group (93.00%)was significantly higher than 74.40% of the control group (u =2.223 2,P =0.026 2).After one month of treatment,the basic control rate of the observation group(88.37%) was significantly higher than 67.40% of the control group(u =2.386 6,P =0.017 0).The incidence rate of adverse reactions of the observation group (6.98%)was significantly lower than 51.16% of the control group(P <0.05). Conclusion Procaterol combined with montelukast in the treatment of children with moderate persistent bronchial asthma can improve clinical efficacy,safety,and improve symptom control rate,it is worthy of promotion.