Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) immunoreactive neurons in dissociated cell culture from newborn rat hypothalamus were investigated on days 1,3,5,and 7 in vitro by means of the im-munocytochemical method. The results showed that GnRH was expressed in the first day of culture. GnRH neurons accounted for 12.1-14. 8% of the total neurons in culture,and they were mainly bipolar in type. There were growth cones on the end of GnRH processes. Various patterns of intercellular contacts between GnRH neurons and between GnRH and other neurons were also observed. These findings indicate that the cultured GnRH neurons exhibit the morphological and functional characteristics of the GnRH neurons in vivo,and serve as morphological evidence for pulsatile secretion of GnRH and its regulation.

Objective To observe the morphologic characteristics of the post-traumatic cerebral infarction and discriminate it from brain contusion. Methods From 81 severe brain injury samples 15 were selected which met the criteria of the secondary necrosis and hemorrhage of brain. Another 15 simple brain contusion samples were selected as control. They were cut according to various requirements either coronary or saggittally or horizontally and observed grossly and histologically. Results The post-traumatic cerebral infarctions were found mainly in 5 localities: basal ganglia (3 cases), cingulate gyrus (2 cases), both cuneus of the occipital lobes (2 cases), lateral occipito-temporal gyrus (6 cases, 5 of them complicated with hemorrhage in the midbrain and pons), and occipital gyrus (2 cases). All of the infarctions were located not at the point of coup or contrecoup. They were localized and had clear boundaries. All of the lesions could be traced back to be related to brain hernia. Microscopically, there were extravasation of blood, and necrosis in the infarction, and usually severe congestion and edema with white blood cells infiltration and glia cell reaction. If the lesion was in the cerebrum, it was usually located at the junction of cortex and medulla, in severe cases extended to whole thickness of the cortex and the subarachnoid space, but the pia mater was not ruptured. There were marked ischemic and hypoxia changes in the neurons. The lesions of brain contusion, on the contrary, were always ruptured. The contused brain tissue may be necrotic. Conclusion The Post-traumatic cerebral infarction is synonymous with secondary necrosis and hemorrhage of the brain. The mechanism of the infarction is compression of intra-cerebral blood vessels due to cerebral hernia. It could be differentiated from cerebral contusion by the relation with cerebral hernia, the location of the lesion, the in-tactness of the pia mater, as well as other related histological changes.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between dietary -related behaviors of college students and their health , so as to provide the evidence for the health education for college students .Methods:A question-naire survey was conducted among 2105 college students from Xi′an Jiaotong University with stratified cluster ran-dom sampling .Results:In this survey , college students generally had unhealthy dietary behaviors , cognitive bia-ses of self-images and blind unhealthy weight -losing phenomenon as well .And there was a difference of dieting behaviors between college students of different sex and those of different body mass index .Conclusions:Unhealth-y dietary behaviors of college students were one of the main reasons leading to their abnormal BMI .Hence , it was necessary to improve health ethics education and dietary health guidance for college students , so as to introduce them to consciously assume their own health responsibilities and manage their health .

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of content and content uniformity of vitamin B12 tablets. Method:The HPLC method was conducted on a C18 column. The mobile phase was 0. 02 mol·L-1 disodium hydrogen phosphate solu-tion-methanol(74∶26). The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 and the detection wavelength was 225nm. The column temperature was 30℃and the injection volume was 20 μl. Result: The linearity of vitamin B12 was good within the range of 1. 67-41. 72 μg·ml-1 ( r=1. 000 0). The average recovery was 99. 9%(RSD=0. 40%,n=9). Conclusion:The method is accurate,reliable and reproducible, and can be used in the determination of content and content uniformity of vitamin B12 tablets.

A total of 104 patients with cervical squamous cell cancer (Figo Ⅰ b2-Ⅱ b) were recruited during March 2006 and October 2011.One group (A,n =50) received preoperative intravenous neoadjuvant chemotherapy while another group (B,n =54) had interventional arterial chemotherapy plus bilateral uterine artery embolization.Surgery was performed for those with a change of cancer size either as complete or partial remission at Week 2 post-chemotherapy according to the WHO evaluation criteria.Otherwise radiotherapy was implemented.The ratio of surgery after chemotherapy was 70％ (n =35) in Group A versus 87％ (n =47) in Group B (P ＜ 0.05).For Group A,there were blood vessel invasion (n =6,17％),lymph node metastasis (n =8,23％) and positive margin (n =1,3％).For Group B,(n =7,15％),(n =9,21％) and (n =1,2％).There was no significant inter-group statistic difference (P ＞ 0.05).Preoperative chemotherapy is effective for cervical squamous cancer (tumor diameter ＞ 4 cm)with fewer side effects.

Objective To investigate the effects of electrical stimulation on the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to cardiomyocyte induced by 5-azacytidine in vitro. Methods MSCs from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were cultured and passed repeatedly to P3. MSCs were treated with 5-azacytidine (10 ?mol/L) and incubated for 24 h.The induced MSCs were divided to stimulated group and non-stimulated group, and every groups divided by incubated for 1,2,3 and 4 weeks were named as subgroup Ⅰ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ respectively.MSCs of stimulated group were stimulated for 30 min every day by supra-threshold square biphasic pulses (2 ms duration, 1.5 Hz, 20 ?A), and the stimulation was initiated 1 d after inducing. Light and electronic microscope were used to identify the influences of characteristic morphological of MSCs in every subgroups,and immunocytochemistry was used to identify the expression of ?-actin,cTnT, Cx43 in MSCs. Results The growth of MSCs in stimulated group was better than that of non-stimulated group. MSCs of stimulated group exhibited differentiation into cardiomyocyte-like cell at 1 week after inducing, earlier than that of no-stimulated group (2 weeks). In stimulated subgroup Ⅰ, scattered myogenic structure was observed in the plasma of some cells under electronic microscope, and ?-actin,cTnT expressed in some cells, but not that be observed in non-stimulated subgroup Ⅰ. In cells of stimulated subgroups Ⅱ to Ⅳ, the expression level of ?-actin, cTnT, Cx43 of were all higher than that of non-stimulated subgroups respectively. Conclusion Electrical stimulation (simulating the heart beating) could redound differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to cardiomyocyte induced by 5-azacytidine in vitro.

Objective To investigate the functional mechanism of metformin in improving the fatty liver and the treatment of the relative metabolic abnormalities of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods The model of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with fatty liver was set up by feeding high-glucose-high-fat diet and by injecting STZ.Then,the rats were made an intervention with metformin.At the end of 4 weeks and 8 weeks,the fasting blood glucose,the level of fasting serum insulin.At the end of 18 weeks the fasting blood glucose,the level of fasting serum insulin,ALT,TNF-? and the level of leptin of every group of rats were measured and the expression of TNF-? in the liver was determined.Results Metformin could largely reduce the blood glucose,TG,TC and the fatty content of the liver,improve the state of the insulin resistance and reduce the expression level of the TNF-? in the liver.Conclusion Metformin can have the treatment functions to the rats with fatty liver in the model of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with fatty liver.

Many clinical bone nonunion or delayed union often appear in the early stage of bone healing,but they have been always found too lately.Before X-ray films of visual changes indicates salt content inbones reaching 25%,the very early changes of clinical significance can not be observed.This paper introduces the theory of fracture healing and the definition of bone nonunion and the significance of the basic multicellular unit (BMU) and the OPG-RANKL-RANK system in bone reconstruction.Many technologies such as ultrasonic testing,vibration analysis,mechanical impedance analysis,the bone marrow cavity imaging technologiy,high-resolution CT etc,have been reported in study on the bone,as well as early diagnosis of fracture nonunion.However,the molecular level of early diagnosis is deficiency.

Breast cancer metastasis is the main cause of tumor death and poor long-term effect in clinical treatment. In the process of metastasis, chemokine may play the main role. In the breast cancer cell, some chemokine and receptor were expressed excessively. It has been shown that through the interaction between chemokine and correspondence receptor, phagocyte and lymphocyte infiltration stimulated, tumor cell invasion into normal tissue with angiogenesis, thus the metastasis was formed. This article reviews the mechanisms of chemokine receptor CXCR4 and chemokine RANTES ,IL-8 MCP-1 in breast cancer metastasis.

Objective To evaluate the physical dependence of Zhixieling capsule.Methods The physical dependence of Zhixieling capsule was observed by mouse jump test,rat precipitation test and rat natural withdrawal test.Results Zhixieling capsule showed no obvious withdrawal symptoms.Conclusion Zhixieling capsule has no physical dependence.