Aim To examine the protective effects of allopregnanolone against seizure on different animal models.Methods　The protective effects of allopregnanolone against maximal electrical seizure (MES) and picrotoxin-induced seizure were studied in C57 mice 15 minutes after vehicle or drug intraperitoneal administration.Results　In the MES test, we found that pretreatment with the phenobarbital or allopregnanolone produced a dose-dependent protective effect against seizure. The potency (ED50 value) of phenobarbital in the MES test was 2.40 mg·kg-1, with 95% confidence interval range from 1.22 to 4.72 mg·kg-1. The potency (ED50 value) of allopregnanolone in the MES test was 0.086 mg·kg-1, with 95%confidence interval range from 0.037 to 0.201 mg·kg-1, which was significantly higher than that of phenobarbital (P<0.01). The combination study of half ED50 values of phenobarbital and allopregnanolone resulted in a 80% of protective effect in MES test, which was higher than 50% produced by either phenobarbital or allopregnanolone at their ED50 values respectively. This result indicated that there was a synergism between phenobarbital and allopregnanolone in their anticonvulsant activities. In the picrotoxin test, we found that pretreatment with the allopregnanolone also produced a dose-dependent protective effect against picrotoxin-induced seizure. The potency of allopregnanolone in the picrotoxin seizure test was 0.123 mg·kg-1, with 95% confidence interval range from 0.058 to 0.263 mg·kg-1.Conclusion　Allopregnanolone(ip) could protect different seizures in a dose-dependent manner,had a higher potency than phenobarbital,and had synergism with phenobarbital in the MES test.

Coix seed has anti-tumor effect and the anti-tumor activity composition is coix seed oil. Researches show that inducing cancer cell apoptosis and angiogenesis inhibition and regulation of the immune and analgesic function are the major roles of coix seed oil. Clinical researches prove that the effect can be increased and the life quality of lung cancer patients can be improved and the survival time can be prolonged when coix seed oil is used to treating lung cancer combined with Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy. So it is widely used in the treatment of lung cancer.

Medulloblastoma was a common malignant, invasive neoplasm of the central nervous system occurring in children. This disease had the characteristics of easy recurrence and the prognosis remained relatively poor, which heavily influenced healthy and quality of life of children. In recent years, advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques such as diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)and 1H- magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H- MRS) were the new noninvasive technique of diagnostic imaging to be used in the diagnosis and prognosis of medulloblastoma, which showed very significant clinical value and made some new progress. In this study, we talked about the DWI, DTI and 1H-MRS used in medulloblastoma.

Separation of complex mixtures needs more resolving power. In two dimensional liquid chromatography (2D LC), the sample is subjected to two different separation conditions or mechanisms, which significantly increases the peak capacity,resolving power and reduces peak overlap. Meanwhile, 2D separation is more reliable for peak i-dentification from run to run than single-dimension chromatography, because two independent elution times are ob-tained for each peak. Among different 2D liquid chromatographic combinations/configurations, online comprehensive 2D-LC has appeared to be very attractive due to its high peak capacity, minimal sample loss, good reproducibility, and easy to automation, especially for separation of very complex samples. The present review discusses the theoreti-cal aspects and hardware configuration of online 2D-LC, particularly online comprehensive 2D-LC. It highlights its concept, features, advantages, applications and prospective in TCM quality Control analysis.

In October 2010,the Department of Medical Administration of the Ministry of Healthy of China published Diagnosis and Treatment Standard of Colorectal Cancer.Since then,the diagnosis and treatment of rectal cancer are under regulation.Standardization of preoperative diagnosis and proper selection of imaging or histopathological examinations are key points in improving the efficacy of individual treatment of patients with rectal cancer.In this article,suggestions from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2011 version ),American College of Radiology and College of American Pathologists are analyzed,and the recommendations of imaging and histopathological examinations are highlighted.

Aim To examine the protective effects of allopregnanolone against seizure on different animal models.Methods The protective effects of allopregnanolone against maximal electrical seizure (MES) and picrotoxin-induced seizure were studied in C57 mice 15 minutes after vehicle or drug intraperitoneal administration.Results In the MES test, we found that pretreatment with the phenobarbital or allopregnanolone produced a dose-dependent protective effect against seizure. The potency (ED50 value) of phenobarbital in the MES test was 2.40 mg?kg-1, with 95% confidence interval range from 1.22 to 4.72 mg?kg-1. The potency (ED50 value) of allopregnanolone in the MES test was 0.086 mg?kg-1, with 95% confidence interval range from 0.037 to 0.201 mg?kg-1, which was significantly higher than that of phenobarbital (P

Purpose To study the cytopathologic features of CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy samples and to evaluate the role of cytopathology in the diagnosis and staging of lung carcinomas, as compared to histopathology. Methods Four-hundred twenty-five specimens were collected by CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy which were also confirmed by histological diagnosis. Direct smears were performed for each case. Cytological and histological examination was carried out. Results The sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate, false negative rate and accuracy of cytopathology in diagnosing lung carcinomas by CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy was 86. 6% (264/305), 100% (120/120), 0 (0/120), 13. 4% (41/305), 90. 4% (384/425), respectively. Overall 51. 1%(135/264) of the cases were precisely typed, including 77. 6% (83/107) of adenocarcinoma, 76. 9% (40/52) of squamous cell car-cinoma and 75. 0% (9/12) of small cell carcinoma. Conclusions Cytopathology of CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy specimens is sensitive and accurate for diagnosing pulmonary carcinomas. In some cases, the lung carcinoma can be precisely typed. Therefore, it is useful for diagnosing and staging lung carcinomas.

Objective To explore how to establish and safeguard the peripherally inserted central catheters(PICC) maintenance network for the management and practical activity of PICC,so as to provide continuous high-quality PICC maintenance for discharged patients with PICC. Methods 40 nurses each year from 10 cities and 100 country hospitals affiliated with Shanxi Quality Control Center to train in the 1st and 2nd affiliated hospital of Xi`an Jiaotong University were choosen as 214 PICC maintainers. These maintainers were taken into the inner-net of 1st affiliated hospital of Xi`an Jiaotong University management system complete the PICC maintenance net of Shanxi province. Results After the establishment of maintenance network, the number of patients with PICC increased (from 610 cases in 2008 to 1 434 cases in 2014);A large number of PICC management had been down by the qualified nurses in primary hospitals; Duration of PICC in patients days was prolonged; The PICC related complications including thrombophlebitis, catheter infection,occlusion or dislodgment and unplanned extubate were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 respectively). Conclusions Establishment of PICC maintenance network can provide patients with standardized and convenient PICC maintenance service,decrease the incidence of catheter which related complications and ensure patient safety. The application of PICC maintenance network should be used more and more.

Objective:To explore the protective effects and mechanisms of salidroside on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in middle cerebral artery occlusive(MCAO)rats.Methods:Focal cerebral ischemia in rats was produced by 1.5 h occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and 24 h reperfusion.Salidroside was administered intravenously immediately after occlusion and reperfusion respectively.The neurologic deficit scores were investigated according to Zea-Longa's Standard.The infarct areas were assessed with software Imagepro Plus 6.0 after TTC staining.And the activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)as well as glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)were determined by specific kit.The levels of B cell lymphoma/lewkmia-2(Bcl-2)and Bcl-2 assaciated X protein(Bax)in central neutral system were assessed by western blot.Results:Compared with the model group,salidroside could decrease the neurologic deficit score,reduced the infarct areas of the brain in MCAO-I/R rats,increased the activity of GSH-Px and decreased the activity of iNOS,enhanced the expression of Bcl-2,depressed the expression of Bax.Conclusion:Salidroside has a protective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and this effect is related to attenuating lipid peroxidation,enhancing the expression of Bcl-2 and diminishing Bax expression.

Background Retinal flatmount of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) animal models is a useful tool in the study of ischemic retinopathy.The retinas of OIR of rat or mouse pups were small and thick and difficult in operating of conventional preparation and quantitative analysis of retinal flatmounts.Objective This study was to explore an easy and stable operating method of retinal flatmount combined with immunofluorescence staining in rodent.Methods Forty ＜6-hour-old SD rat pups were randomly assigned to OIR model group and normal control group.The pups were raised with nursing mothers in hyperoxia environment (80％) and normal oxygen environment (21％) alternately at a 24-hour interval for 14 days in the OIR model group,and the pups were raised in the room air for 14 days in the normal control group.The eyeballs of the rats were extracted to isolate the retinas intactly.The retinas were stained with glutamine synthetase (GS)-isolectin B4 firstly and then expanded into flatmounted and cut into 4 petals radially.Adobe Photoshop CS3 imaging analysis system was used to match the pictures into entire retinal vascular images and analyzed under the fluorescence microscope.The pixel values of retinal avascular areas and the entire retina were quantified by this system.The percentage of avascular areas to the entire retina was calculated to analyze the severity of non-perfusion areas.The use and care of the animals complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results An intact and smooth retinal flatmount could be obtained by firstly staining method.Ora serrata structure was seen surrounding the whole retina.Strong green fluorescence was exhibited in retinal vessel net with clearly visible vascular branches;while the background fluorescence was weaker.Fully developed blood vessels were displayed in the retinas of the normal control group.Non-capillary areas around the central optic disk and large peripheral avascular areas could be seen in the retinal flatmounts of OIR models.Conclusions The preparation of retinal flatmount is easy and feasible by first immunofluorescence staining for retinal vessels followed by radially cutting of retina.This method of retinal flatmount can ensure the integrity of retinal vascular system and it is available for the observation and evaluation of retinal vascular structure in OIR models.