Objective To study the mechanism of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. Methods The responses of GluT4 translocation and glucose uptake to the investigational drugs of SB203580 and Wortmannin as well as the effect of insulin on the drugs during differentiation were detected to study the insulin signal pathway. Results The GluT4 translocation and glucose transport were increased under insulin stimulation by 2.5±0.2 and 2.2±0.1 folds, respectively while compared with control; but t1/2 were 3.3 min and 6.0 min, and IC50 to wortmannin were 43 nmol/L and 3 nmol/L respectively.SB203580 inhibited 64% and 62% of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and photolabelling of cell surface GluT4, respectively, but had no effect on GluT4 translocation.The fold increase of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (1.7±0.1 fold vs control)was lower than that of GluT4 translocation (2.3±0.1 fold vs control) in myoblasts. Conclusions In skeletal muscle cells, two insulin signal pathways mediate GluT4 translocation and activation of GluT4, respectively.Insulin engages both of the pathways to stimulate the cells for maximum glucose uptake.

Accidents, Occupational ; Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tetraethyl Lead ; poisoning

Objective To analyze the expressions of thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) and nuclear-associated antigen Ki-67 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and their clinical significances.Methods One hundred and twenty tumor tissue sections of patients with breast cancer who were performed breast conservation treatment or modified mastectomy in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College from June 2009 to December 2010 were collected,and there were 60 cases with TNBC and 60 cases with non-TNBC.The expressions of TK1 and Ki-67 in different breast tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry.The relationships between the expression status and clinicopathologic features were analyzed.Results The positive expression rates of TK1 in TNBC and non-TNBC were 83.33％ and 51.67％ respectively,with a significant difference (x2 =13.713,P =0.000).The positive expression rates of Ki-67 expression in TNBC and nonTNBC were 68.33％ and 31.67％ respectively,with a significant difference (x2=16.133,P =0.000).In TNBC,the expression of TK1 was related to histological staging (x2 =6.125,P =0.013),but it was not related to onset age (x2 =0.809,P =0.369),menopausal stutas (x2 =1.615,P =0.204),tumor size (x2 =0.054,P =0.816) and lymphatic metastasis (x2 =0.672,P =0.412).In TNBC,the expression of Ki-67 was related to histological staging (x2 =13.145,P =0.000) and lymphatic metastasis (x2 =6.182,P =0.013),but it was not related to menopausal stutas (x2 =1.018,P =0.313),onset age (x2 =2.377,P =0.123) and tumor size (x2 =2.401,P =0.121).The expression of TK1 was positively correlated with that of Ki-67 (r =0.369,P =0.023).The results of survival analysis showed that the disease-free survival rates of 5-year were 28.20％ and 66.70％ in the TK1 positive group and TK1 negative group,and the disease-free survival rates of 5-year were 24.30％ and 64.30％ in the Ki-67 positive group and Ki-67 negative group,with significant differences (x2 =4.194,P=0.041;x2 =4.540,P =0.033).Conclusion TK1 and Ki-67 are highly expressed in TNBC,and their expressions are correlated with histological staging and survival,which are expected to become prognostic indicators.

BACKGROUND:5-Fluorouracil occupies an important position in the treatment of gastric cancer, but its long-term use can easily induce adverse reactions such as myelosuppression and leukopenia. Polylactic acid and its copolymers have a higher biocompatibility, and their decomposer cannot gather in the body.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity mechanism of 5-fluorouracil-loaded polylactic acid nanoparticles on gastric cancer cel lines.
METHODS:Ten mice were selected in this study. 5-fluorouracil-loaded polylactic acid nanoparticles (1×10-7, 1×10-6, 1×10-5, 1×10-4 mol/L) were prepared using ultrasonic emulsification method. Kiling effect of polylactic acid nanoparticles on gastric cancer cel lines in vitrowere detected. Then, the inhibition rate was calculated at different concentrations.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Under the transmission electron microscope, 5-fluorouracil-loaded polylactic acid nanoparticles had good shape and relatively evenly distributed with no adhesions. After drug administration, the drug concentration was 50% at 24 hours and 62.9% at 72 hours. After 48 hours co-culture with single 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorouracil-loaded polylactic acid nanoparticles, the viability of gastric cancer cels showed a decrease trend with the increase of drug concentrations, and moreover, 5-fluorouracil-loaded polylactic acid nanoparticles had a better cel inhibition ability than the single 5-fluorouracil (P < 0.05). The IC50value of 5-fluorouracil-loaded polylactic acid nanoparticles was significantly lower than that of 5-fluorouracil (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that polylactic acid nanoparticles as good drug carriers have a strong drug loading capacity and increase drug concentration in the body, but cannot reduce the biological activity of 5-fluorouracil, which provide new ideas for the treatment of gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND:Al oying is a convenient and effective method to alter the microstructure and control the corrosion behavior of magnesium al oy.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the in vitro and in vivo degradation of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr al oy as a degradable medical biomaterial.
METHODS:(1) In vitro static immersion test:The immersion tests were carried out at (37.0±0.5) thermostatic bath. Six Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr al oy samples and six pure magnesium samples were immersed in the 250 mL simulated body fluid and vibrated without agitation during immersion. After 3, 7 and 30 days static immersion, the samples were taken out from the simulated body fluid. Then the in vitro corrosion properties were evaluated using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer analysis. (2) In vivo animal experiment:After bone tunnel was established in the left femur of adult New Zealand rabbits, the Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr al oy rods were embedded in the Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr al oy group, titanium al oy rods were embedded in the titanium al oy group, and only bone tunnel was established in the sham-operated group. At 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks after implantation, an X-ray of the implanted region was taken to determine the location and the degradation behavior℃in a of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr al oy. At 4, 8 weeks after implantation, the corrosion product and its element composition were observed using scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive spectroscopy system.

Objective To explore aescin's inhibition of in vitro proliferatim in L1210 murine acute lymphoid leukemia cells and its in vivo antileukemic effects.Methods MTT assay was used to determine the anti-proliferative effect in vitro;Leukemia transplant models were used to test the antileukemic effect. Mice inoculated with L1210 cells were treated with ten daily doses of aescin or/and each other day of DOX, and were observed for survival.Antileukemic effects were assessed by calculating the extension of lifespan. Results Aescin(20～60?g/mL) was found to be able to inhibit the proliferation of L1210 cells.The effects were in a dose- and time- dependent manner.The IC_(50) value of aescin in L1210 cells after 72 h was (24.86?2.23)?g/mL.In vivo study showed that after treating the L1210 cells bearing mice with higher, middle,and low dosage(4.5,3.5,and 2.5 mg/kg) of aescin for ten consecutive days,The extension of lifespan were 25.8%(P

Objective To evaluate the role and efficacy of preventing bone mineral loss in patients with endometriosis treated by gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRH-a) combined with addback therapy.Methods Prospective,randomized controlled studies of the use of GnRHa with add-back therapy in treatment of endometriosis were enrolled in this study from Medline,Embase,Cochrane library,China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI),Chinese Biological Medicine Disk (CBM) and Data Base of Wanfang.After quality assessment and data extraction,meta-analysis were conducted in the change of BMD,reproductive hormone (E2) and visual pain score (VAS) by Stata 11.0 software.Results A total of 785patients from 13 randomized controlled trail (RCT) studies enrolled in this study after exclude no following up,poor quality and repeat published studies.377 patients were in group of GnRH-a with add-back treatment and 408 patients were in group of GnRna alone.The findinds were showed in meta-analysis:(1) there was a significant difference in percentage change of bone mineral density (BMD) between two groups,the addback therapy was more effective in prevention of bone loss which was (SMD =0.223,95％ CI:0.003 to 0.443,P =0.047).(2) There was no significant difference in the level of reproductive hormone between two groups (SMD =-0.053,95％ CI:-0.479 to 0.373,P =0.807).(3) There was also no significant difference in the visual pain score between the two groups (SMD =-0.157,95％ CI:-0.474 to 0.160,P=0.332).Conclusions GnRH-a with add-back therapy have been shown to be more effective in preventing loss of BMD than GnRH-a treatment alone.However,the long term effect of preventing BMD should be studied.

As a new model of pre-cancer, organoid is essential for the basic understanding of tumor characteristic and effective tumor treatment. Organoids derived from prostate play an especially important role in the research of fundamental oncology and anticancer drug screen against prostate cancer. Prostate cancer cell lines and xenografts derived directly from primary human tumors are widely used now as models to study prostate cancer and have proven very valuable. But there are some caveats and shortcomes of these two models that have to be accounted for. Here we outline organoid as a third preclini?cal cancer model which may potentially overcome the shortcomes of cancer cell lines and PDTX. This article aims to summa?rizee recent progress of the role of organoid in prostate cancer research.

The patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) had higher plasma level of soluble E-selectin than those without DR, and the level of soluble E-selectin showed a positive relationship with the extent of DR, suggesting that E-selectin might play a role in the development of DR.

Objective To observe the changes of serum myostatin (MSTN) level in patients with gastric carcinoma-associated cachexia and to investigate the relationship between MSTN and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) preliminarily.Methods Eighty patients with gastric cancer were divided into two groups based on their Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessement (PG-SGA) scores:gastric carcinoma-associated cachexia group (GCC group,32 cases; PG-SGA stage C) and gastric carcinoma non-cachexia group (GCNC,48 cases; PG-SGA stage A + B).The serum MSTN and TNF-α levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,and relevant parameters including height,weight,albumin,hemoglobin,and C-reactive protein were also recorded before operation.Eighty healthy adults were chosen as the control group.Results The serum MSTN level in the GCC group [(1.36 ±0.50) μg/L] was significantly higher than that in the GCNC group [(0.91 ±0.49) μg/L; x2 =14.67,P =0.00],whereas the serum MSTN level in the GCNC group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(0.70 ± 0.37) μg/L; x2 =36.45,P =0.00].Serum MSTN level was not correlated with TNF-α in the GCC group (r=0.18,P=0.31),GCNC group (r=0.08,P=0.58),or control group (r=-0.16,P＝0.16).Conclusions Serum MSTN level is elevated in patients with gastric carcinoma-associated cachexia.However,it is not correlated with serum TNF-α.