Objective To study the association of SNP of the AdipoR1 gene with T2DM in Xi’an population. Methods The amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS) analysis and gene sequencing were used to investigate the AdipoR1 gene polymorphism in 100 type 2 diabetics and 84 normal control subjects. Results (1) The genotype and allele frequencies of -106A/G, 5843A/G were not significantly different between type 2 diabetics and normal control subjects. (2) The diagnosis age of diabetics was significantly younger in AdipoR1 5843GG genotype group than in other genotype groups. Conclusions The data implicate that the AdipoR1 gene -106A/G and 5843A/G polymorphism may be not associated with pathogenesis of T2DM. AdipoR1 5843 GG genotype may be associated with the earlier diagnosis of T2DM

Objective To investigate the causes and therapy of complications of microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS). Method Totally 255 cases of HFS underwent MVD in our hospital from December 2000 to March 2000. Among the cases,207 patients were followed up for more than 1 year,the occurrence and recovery of their postoperative complications were reviewed in this study. Results In this series,no patient died;cerebrospinal fluid leakage was detected in 15 patients (7.2%) in one week after the operation;facial palsy occurred in 48 cases (23.2%);hearing deficit was shown in 20 patients (9.7%);and tinnitus was found in 12 cases (5.8%). The patients were followed up for 1 to 7.3 years with a mean of (4.2?2.7) years,during the period,none of the cases had cerebrospinal fluid leakage or intracerebral infection,and the cases who had facial palsy and tinnitus recovered completely;only 10 patients remained hearing deficit (including unilateral deaf in 6) during the follow-up.Conclusion Cerebrospinal fluid leakage,facial palsy,hearing deficit,tinnitus are the major complications of MVD,among which cerebrospinal fluid leakage,facial palsy,and tinnitus can be improved after treatments,but hearing deficit is non-reversible.

Child ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; Humans

Objective To study the changes of diamine oxidase (DAO )and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP)levels in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with selective brain hypothermia.Methods Collect a sample of 60newborns with moderate and severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy who were hospitalized in the NICU of Matemal and Child Health Care Hospital of Baoding from June 2013to December 2014.The 60newborns were divided into two groups randomly:hypothermia group(n=30)and conventional treatment group(n=30).Selected 30cases hospitalized at the same period, except the related to the ischemia hypoxia and gastrointestinal dysfunction disease as the control group.The levels of serum levels of DAO and I-FABP were measured by ELISA on admission and 7days after treat-ment,respectively.And the score of gastrointestinal dysfunction were compared.Results Neither the levels of DAO and I-FABP in hypothermia group and conventional treatment group had statistical differences on ad-mission[DAO:(15.77±2.04)U/ml,(15.81±1.85)U/ml,P﹥0.05;I-FABP:(310.01±46.43)ng/L, (301.12±38.61)ng/L,P﹥0.05],but were higher than that in the control group [(7.65±0.74)U/ml, (51.65±6.91)ng/L].Seven days after treatment,both the levels of DAO and I-FABP of hypothermia group and conventional treatment group decreased [DAO:(7.88±1.87)U/ml,(12.51±1.53)U/ml;I-FABP:(59.16±6.17)ng/L,(121.31±21.54)ng/L],meanwhile,the variation of hypothermia group was more significant(P﹤0.05).The correlation of the plasma DAO and I-FABP levels and the score of gas-trointestinal dysfunction was significantly (r1=0.831,r2=0.827,P ﹤0.01).Conclusion Hypothermia treatment could effectively reduce the levels of DAO and I-FABP,thus improve the gastrointestinal function in some extent.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of small gauge vitrectomy (SGV) treatment for proliferative diabetic tractional (PDR) with retinal detachment (TRD).Methods The data of 42 patients (50 eyes) with PDR combined with TRD who had received SGV treatment were retrospectively analyzed.There were 22 males and 20 females,with an average age of (44.5±11.2) years.There were 16 eyes with TRD involving the macular area,34 eyes without TRD involving the macular area.The eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment or retinal hole were excluded.The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was worse than finger counting in 18 eyes,worse than 0.1 in 15 eyes,0.1-0.3 in 16 eyes and better than or equal to 0.3 in 1 eye.Post operative tamponade was delivered for patients with iatrogenic retinal breaks,including 5 eyes with long acting gas and 7 eyes with silicone oil.The mean follow-up time was 9.7 months.The visual outcome,rate of retinal reattachment and complications were analyzed.Results The visual acuity improved in 34 eyes (68.0％),unchanged in 12 eyes (24.0％) and decreased in 4 eyes (8.0％).The difference of visual acuity before and after surgery was statistically significant (t=7.087,P＜0.01).The total rate of retinal reattachment was 96％,and 84％ of eyes achieved anatomic reattachment after single surgery.The rate of retinal reattachment was 89.5％ (34/38) for these eyes without iatrogenic retinal breaks,4/38 eyes without iatrogenic retinal breaks still had retinal detachment in 3 months after surgery and received tamponade of long-acting gas or silicone oil.The rate of retinal reattachment was 66.7 ％ (8/12) for these eyes with iatrogenic retinal breaks and received post-operative tamponade.There were 17 eyes experienced postoperative vitreous hemorrhage,which were treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies or vitreous cavity lavage.There were 9 eyes with transient ocular hypertension,and 4 eyes with neovascular glaucoma (NVG).Among 4 eyes with NVG,2 of which were controlled through anti VEGF treatment or laser treatment,and 2 eyes of 2 patients refused to have further treatment.Conclusion SGV is safe and effective treatment for PDR combined with TRD,and intraocular tamponade is not necessary in the absence of iatrogenic retinal break.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of arginine vasopressin receptor antagonist tolvaptan for treating hyponatremia caused by syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).Methods Six patients diagnosed with SIADH were enrolled in this study.Four cases were allocated to tolvaptan group (oral tolvaptan 15-60 mg/d,the dosage was adjusted based on the level of serum sodium).Two cases were allocated to regular treatment group (liquid was limited 1 000 ml/d,intravenous drip was less than 3％ sodium chloride and/or oral salt capsule 10-15 g/d several times was adjusted based on the level of serum sodium).Data of the level of serum sodium at 4,7 d,baseline value of serum sodium,serum sodium at the first normal time,24 h urine and weight change were collected.Safety assessment was given before and after treatment,including medical history,physical examination,electrocardiogram,laboratory tests,and incidence of adverse events.Results The level of serum sodium in tolvaptan group increased from the first day of the treatment.During the period of treatment,serum sodium at 4 d increased 22,16,14,11 mmol/L compared with the baseline value respectively.No obvious change of sodium was observed in regular treatment group compared with the baseline value.For 7 d treatment,serum sodium level increased 14,13,14,13 mmol/L in tolvaptan group compared with the baseline level respectively.Only 2 cases in regular treatment group increased 4 mmol/L,and sodium level in regular treatment group did not reach the lower limit of normal level of serum sodium.In tolvaptan group,all patients urine output increased after 1 d treatment and began to stabilize in 3 d.24 h urine putouts were much more than 1 500 ml during treatment.Urine putouts 780-1 400 ml were observed in regular treatment group.There was no difference before and after treatment.Although weight dropped after treatment in the two groups,weight in tolvaptan group fell obviously.In the two groups,there was no difference in blood pressure and heart rate before and after treatment.There were no serious complications and adverse events.Conclusions Compare with regular treatment,arginine vasopressin receptor antagonist is more effective therapy because it can correct the SIADH in patients with hyponatremia and reduce water retention.It also has a good security.

Multilocus sequence typing MLST with high solution sensitivity and specificity is widely used to study the population genetic structure of pathogen by amplification and sequencing of the housekeeping genes. MLST also provides more evidence and plays an important role in parasite research. This paper reviews the principle and method of MLST and its applica-tion on population genetic structure analysis of parasites.

Objective To assess the effectiveness of continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions (CASS)in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia.Methods The relevant randomized controlled trials were searched in the Cochrane Library,Pubmed,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang databases.The experimental group received CASS and the control group did not(NASS group).Two reviewers selected studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the quality of studies was critically appraised and data were extracted by two reviewers independently.Meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan 5.2.Results Sixteen randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria and enrolled 2 576 patients.According to the meta analysis,compared with NASS,CASS reduced the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia,shortened the length of stay in the intensive care unit and the duration of mechanical ventilation.There was no effect on hospital mortality.Conclusions Continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions appears effective in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia,decreasing the duration of intensive care unit length of stay and mechanical ventilation among critically ill patients with mechanical ventilation.

BACKGROUND:cells under mechanical stimulation can achieve their biological functions by converting mechanical signals into chemical signals through certain signal transduction mechanism. As the fibrous framework throughout a cell, cytoskeleton is one of the critical components in this process.
OBJECTIVE:Through systemical y analyzing the role of the cytoskeleton in mechanical signal transduction, to provide a potential therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of cytoskeleton related diseases.
METHODS:In order to search relevant articles about the mechanics mechanism of signal transduction of cytoskeleton from PubMed and CNKI databases (from 1990 to 2012), a computer-based search was performed, using the key words of“cytoskeleton, microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, mechanical stimulation, signal transduction”in English and Chinese, respectively. After eliminating literatures which were irrelevant to research purpose or containing a similar content, 48 articles were chosen for further analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Mechanical stimulation plays an important role in cellproliferation, development and apoptosis. With the gradual understanding of the biological function of cytoskeleton, people have found that cytoskeleton is one of the critical components in the process of the mechanical signal transduction. After getting mechanical stimulation, cytoskeleton can be reorganized through Rho, protein kinase C, integrin and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, then converting the mechanical stimulation to chemical signals and finishing its biological functions final y.

BACKGROUND: Buqi tongluo prescription, which is characterized by invigorating qi and promoting blood circulation, dredging collaterals and dispersing stagnation, promoting tissue regeneration, and promoting blood circulation to remove obstruction in the collateral, can promote blood circulation at local injured part and ameliorate nutrien of nerve so as to accelerate axonal regeneration of peripheral nerve and functional recovery of nerve conduction.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of buqi tongluo prescription of various agents on recovery of nerve function after peripheral nerve injury and compare the results with the combination of vitamin B1 and B6.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics of the First Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS: A total of 48 Wistar rats of confined clean grade were selected in this study. After modeling on right sciatic nerve, rats were randomly divided into buqi tongluo capsule group, buqi tongluo parenteral solution group, vitamin group and blank group with 12 in each group.METHODS: All rats were cut their right sciatic nerve laterally, and then anastomosis in situ was used immediately to establish models of peripheral nerve injury. Administration began on the third day after operation once a day. ① Rats in buqi tongluo capsule group were perfused with powder of buqi tongluo capsule (including huangqi, renshen, danggui, chuanxiong and danshen which was diluted with saline) of 0.9 g/(kg·d) raw drugs (ig). ② Rats in buqi tongluo parenteral solution group were injected with 0.9 g/(kg·d) buqi tongluo parenteral solution (ip). ③ Rats in vitamin group were perfused with 15 mg/(kg·d) suspension (1.5 g/L) of vitamin B1 and B6.④ Rats in blank group were perfused with 0.01 mL/g saline.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Four rats from each group were selected for 4, 8 and 12 week time points after administration to record bilateral nerve conduction velocity. Recovery rate was regarded as the ration between nerve conduction velocity at the injured side and nerve conduction velocity at the normal side.RESULTS: A total of 48 rats were involved in the final analysis. ① At each time point, nerve conduction velocity in two buqi tongluo prescription groups were faster than that in vitamin group and blank group (P ＜ 0.05, 0.01), and that in vitamin group was faster than that in blank group (P ＜ 0.05). ②At each time point, recovery rate of nerve conduction velocity in two buqi tongluo prescription groups was higher than that in vitamin group and blank group (P ＜ 0.05, 0.01), and that in vitamin group was higher than that in blank group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Both buqi tongluo capsule and buqi tongluo parenteral solution can promote recovery of nerve function after peripheral nerve injury, and the effect is superior to that of vitamin B1 and B6.