Combining with advances in optogenetics and feedback control of physiological function, we have utilized self-made PPDP (preview, presentation, demonstration, promotion) teaching method to clarify how various physiological functions are regulated by the nervous system and carried out physiological innovation experiment activities. The innovative experiments aim to cultivate students' self-study capability, broaden their vision, enhance their interest in physiology, and finally promote the effect of physiological theory teaching. We herein summarize our practice of closed-loop control of innovative experimental teaching in optogenetics from the following four facets: education concept, students and teacher resources, teaching design, and teaching experience. This summary is trying to explore new experiences of promoting students' participation in teaching activities and improving the teaching quality of physiology.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of anti-infection treatment on the expressions of antigen-presenting-related membrane-surface molecules HLA-DR and CD86 in dendritic cells (DCs) in rabbit buccal VX2 squamous cell carcinoma tissue complicated with local inflammation.

METHODSRabbit buccal VX2 squamous cell carcinoma with local inflammation models that were established by inflammation was induced by inoculation VX2 tumor, mechanical trauma, and drinking of milk with high sugar viscosity. The animals were divided into four groups. Group A (n=12): rabbit buccal VX2 squamous cell carcinoma with local inflammation, procaine penicillin was intramuscularly given, and tinidazole tablets were given by gavage for three consecutive days. Group B (n = 12): rabbit buccal VX2 squamous cell carcinoma with local inflammation, normal saline was intramuscularly given, and aspirin were given by gavage for three consecutive days. Group C (n = 12): rabbit buccal VX2 squamous cell carcinoma with local inflammation, normal saline was given intramuscularly and by gavage for three consecutive days. Group D (n = 10): rabbit buccal VX2 squamous cell carcinoma, normal saline was given intramuscularly and by gavage for three consecutive days. All the rabbits were sacrificed for collection of tumor specimens, and the expression levels of membrane-surface HLA-DR and CD86 in DCs of tumor specimens were detected viaflow cytometry.

RESULTSThe positive expression rate of HLA-DR and the double positive expression rate of HLA-DR and CD86 were group A > group D > group B > group C. The positive expression rate of CD86 were group A > group D > group B and group C (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAnti-infection treatment significantly increased the expressions of HLA-DR and CD86 in DCs of rabbit buccal VX2 squamous cell carcinoma tissue complicated with local inflammation.

Objective:To evaluate the advantages of function-preserving parotidectomy for benign tumors involving deep parotid lobe. Methods:17 patients with benign tumor involving deep parotid lobe were treated by limited partial parotidectomy.All of the tumors were not more than 3 cm of diameter,12 of them were in the deep lobe and 5 involving both superficial and deep lobes.In the operation fascia glandular flap was made,the tumor with the surrounding gland tissue was thoroughly dissected and the glandular parenchyma was preserved.Results:All the operations were successful and the wounds healed well with symmetrical facial contours.No patient experi-enced salivary fistula.Temporary facial palsy was observed in 2 cases(11.76%).No tumor recurrence was observed.Facial nerve function of all patients completely recovered after a median follow-up of 11 months.Conclusion:Function-preserving parotidectomy for benign tumor involving the parotid deep lobe may improve functional outcomes without compromising local tumor control.

[Summary] To evaluate the relationships between plasma GPC4 levels and HbA1C . Plasma GPC4 levels were measured in subjects with different glucose tolerances. The relationship between plasma GPC4 levels and HbA1C were studied. Increasing levels of GPC4 showed a significant linear trend and were independently associated with HbA1C . GPC4 levels gradually declined after gradually increased , which is similar with Fins, 2hIns, and AUCinsulin . GPC4 may be involved in the regulation of blood glucose and GPC4 may be regulated by insulin.

Objective To observe the preventive effect of Anduolin(ADL) on radiation-induced lung injury in mice.Methods Totally 180 of Kunming mice were randomly classified into six groups:normal control group ( N ),irradiation control group ( R),irradiation plus low dose ADL group ( L),irradiation plus middle dose ADL group ( M),irradiation plus high dose ADL group ( H),and irradiation plus Dexamethasone group (D).The mice except group N were irradiated with 20 Gy of 6 MV X-rays on whole lung.The mice in group L,M and H were given with ADL 1 d before irradiation and continued for 6 weeks after irradiation.At 2,4 and 6 weeks after irradiation,the general situation and the lung pathological changes of mice were observed.The lung wet weight,collagen contents of the whole lung tissue,hydroxproline concentration,and TGF-β1 expression in the lung were also delected.Results Compared to the group R,the mice breathing rate,hydroxproline concentration,and TGF-β1 expression in the group L were not significantly changed.While in the groups M,H and D,the breathing rate,the generation of hydroxproline and the expression of TGF-β1 were decreased significantly ( F =2.668-161.646,P ＜0.05).In addition,ADL alleviated the pathological changes on radiation-induced lung injury in mice.Conclusions ADL might have the preventive effect on radiation-induced lung injury in mice.

Objective:To study the effect of paclitaxel liposome on the apoptosis of cancer cells in neck metastatic lymph node of rabbit tongue cancer.Methods:24 New Zealand rabbits with VX-2 tumor at tongue edge were divided into 6 groups randomly after neck lymph node metastasis.Paclitaxel liposome,free paclitaxel and 5％ glucose were injected into the lingual arterial and ear marginal vein,respectively.A week after chemotherapy metastasis lymph nodes were collected.The apoptosis of the cancer cells in the lymph nodes was examined by transmission electron microscope,flow cytometry,and SP immunohistochemical method for P53 protein expression of the cancer tissue.Results:The apoptosis rate of cancer cells in the intra-arterial chemotherapy group was higher than that in the intra-venous chemotherapy group,in the paclitaxel liposome injection group was higher than that in the free paclitaxel injection group(P ＜ 0.05).The positive rates of P53 protein expression in paclitaxel liposome group by intra-arterial injection was the lowest (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:Paclitaxel liposome is more effective than free paclitaxel,regional arterial infusion is more effective than intra-venous infusion in the apoptosis induction of lymph node metastasis cancer cells.

Objective To explore the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic right hemihepatectomy (LRH) via anterior approach for larger tumors in the right lobe of the liver.Methods A retrospective study was conducted based on the clinical data of ten consecutive patients with large right liver cancer undergoing LRH through anterior approach and thirty-seven patients undergoing open hemihepatectomy by anterior approach in recent 6 years.Results Between the two groups there were no significant difference in gender,average age,the mean tumor size,preoperative liver reserve function,cut margin and intraoperative blood transfusion.The LRH group had less average intraoperative blood loss [(408 ± 158)ml vs.(520 ± 153)ml,t =2.047,P =0.046] and shorter postoperative hospital stay [(11.5 ±2.8)d vs.(16.2 ±4.6) d,t=3.091,P=0.003],longer operation time [(302 ±38)min vs.(251±55)min,t=2.732,P=0.009].There was no perioperative death and no significant difference in complications (20.0％ vs.35.1％,x2 =0.812,P =0.367) and similar median survival time (36 mon vs.29 mon,x2 =1.266,P =0.261).Conclusions LRH via anterior approach for larger tumors in the right lobe of the liver is safe and feasible.

Objective To explore the feasibility and safety of total laparoscopic radical resection for a patient of Bismuth type Ⅲ a hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods This patient underwent right hemihepatectomy combined caudate lobectomy,radical regional lymphadenectomy and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy under total laparoscopic techniques.Preoperatively the volume of future liver remnant estimated by CT scan was 46％,and indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min (ICG R15) was 6.0％.Results The total laparoscopic surgery was carried out successfully with operation time of 540 min and intraoperative blood loss 300 ml,without blood transfusion.The results of pathological examination showed well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of hilar bile duct with negative tumor margins and no regional lymph node metastasis(0/13).The postoperative recovery was uneventful with hospital stay time of 10 days and without any complications.Conclusion At experienced hands,total laparoscopic radical resection of Bismuth type Ⅲ a hilar cholangiocarcinoma is feasible and safe for selected patients.

Objective: To investigate the influencing factors for myopia among primary and secondary school students in Suzhou, so as to provide basis for myopia prevention and control. Methods: The students in Grade 4-12 were recruited by stratified cluster random sampling method. Gender, grade, parents＇ myopia history, outdoor activity time and video display terminal time were collected through the questionnaire of National Surveillance Program of Influencing Factors for Common Diseases and Health in Students. Uncorrected visual acuity and cycloplegic refraction were tested. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore myopia-related factors. Results: A total of 990 questionnaires were distributed, and 882 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 89.09%. The prevalence rate of myopia was 78.23% ( 690 cases ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females ( OR=1.703, 95%CI: 1.173-2.474 ) , middle school students ( OR:5.597-11.949, 95%CI: 3.573-28.349 ) , both parents＇myopia ( OR=2.445, 95%CI: 1.597-3.742 ) , video display terminal time over 3 hours per day ( OR=2.026, 95%CI: 1.235-3.325 ) were risk factors for myopia; outdoor activity time over 2 hours per day ( OR: 0.493-0.510, 95%CI: 0.273-0.943 ) was a protective factor for myopia. Conclusion The prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Suzhou is 78.23%. Gender, grade, parents＇ myopia history, outdoor activity time and video display terminal time are influencing factors for myopia.

This paper summarizes the key points of safety management for 15 patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension treated by aerosolized iloprost. All patients achieved significant improvements and none of them suffered any severe side effect. Complete safety management during the therapeutic procedure improved the patients' treatment confidence and compliance,and thereafter strengthened the efficacy of treatment.