Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Aurovertins ; toxicity ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Damage ; drug effects ; Female ; Male ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To compare the efficacy and efficiency of simulation-based training of flexible fibreoptic intubation in novices with virtual reality simulator.Methods A total of 46 anaesthesia residents in their first stage of training in anaesthesiology with no experience in flexible fibreoptic intubation at Peking University People's Hospital were enrolled in the study,and were divided into 2 groups randomly,which were virtual reality simulator group (group S,n=23) and manikin group (group M,n=23).The group S was then trained for 25 times on simulator,while the group M did the same processes on manikin.After training,participants in both groups had their performance assessed with the fibrescope evaluated through the oral route using a simulation manikin,who were instructed to attempt to advance the fibrescope 5 consecutive times to view the carina in the shortest amount of time.The time required to view the carina of each practice during training in both groups were recorded as pooled data to construct group learning curves with the application of SPSS 20.0.By using repeated measures analysis of variance and Ttest,the procedure time and global rating scale (GRS) of fibreoptic bronchoscope manipulation ability were compared between groups,so did the participant's confidence between before and after the training both within-subjects and between-subjects.Results The plateaus in the learning curves were achieved after 19 (15,26) practice sessions in group S and 24 (19,31) in group M,respectively.There was no significant difference in the procedure time [(13.7 ± 6.6) s and (11.9 ±4.1) s] and GRS [(3.9 ±0.4) vs.(3.7 ±0.3)]between groups.There were significant increases in participant's confidences in both groups after training [group S:(1.8 ± 0.5) vs.(3.9 ± 0.6),t=10.928,P=0.000;group M:(2.0 ± 0.7) vs.(3.9 ± 0.5),t=15.306,P=0.000],but there was no significant difference between groups.Conclusion The simulation-based training of flexible fibreoptic intubation in novices with virtual reality simulator is more efficient than the one with manikin,but the similar effects can be achieved in both modalities,after adequate trainings.In the related training a balance between time cost and economic cost should be considered and the appropriate teaching methods and forms should be taken.

OBJECTIVETo compare the short-term curative effect of clozapine (CZ) and its combination with electroacupuncture (EA) in treating schizophrenia.

METHODSNinety schizophrenia patients were randomly divided into two groups equally: the EA group treated with combination of CZ (200 - 300 mg/d in mean) and EA, and the CZ group treated with CZ alone. The effects of treatment were evaluated with PANSS, CGI and TESS before and at the 2th, 4th, 6th and 8th weekend of the treatment.

RESULTSThe initiation of effect in the two groups was the same, the total effective rate was 75% in the EA group and 73% in the CZ group. However, somatic complaint was lower and compliance was higher in the EA group than that in the CZ group respectively.

CONCLUSIONWith the effect equal to CZ, combination of CZ and EA shows higher compliance in treating schizophrenia, which would be beneficial in the later stage treatment for consolidation.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Clozapine ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Schizophrenia ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of alternatively activated macrophages /mononuclear phagocytes(MNP) on breast cancer cells and explore the mechanisms for the action of tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer.

METHODSHuman peripheral blood monocytes were isolated and cultured in vitro and divided into 3 groups, namely classically activated monocytes (CAM) which were induced by lipopolysaccharide, alternatively activated monocytes (AAM) induce by IL-4, and control cells treated with the culture medium only. After cell culture for 48-72 h, the mRNA of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), alternative monocytes activation- associated CC-chemokine 1 (AMAC-1), and beta-actin of the 3 groups were extracted for RT-PCR, or the cells were cocultured with breast cancer cell line SKBR3, or seeded in chicken chorioallantoic membrane along with SKBR3.

RESULTSTNF-alpha mRNA was significantly increased in CAM, and AMAC-1 was highly expressed in AAM. The coculture experiments showed that CAM exhibited obvious inhibitory effect on SKBR3 cells after a 3-day culture whereas AAM significantly promoted the growth of SKBR3 cells after a 5-day culture. In chicken on chorioallantoic membrane experiment, the macrophages promoted tumor angiogenesis and AAM showed the most obvious effect.

CONCLUSIONIL-4 induces high expression of AMAC-1, a molecular marker of AAM, in the macrophages, and AAM can promote the growth of SKBR3 cells and tumor angiogenesis.

Animals ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Chemokines, CC ; metabolism ; Chick Embryo ; Coculture Techniques ; Humans ; Interleukin-4 ; metabolism ; Macrophage Activation ; Phagocytes ; immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of hemoperfusion(HP) about the patients of methamidophos poisoning.

METHODSOn the basis of comprehensive treatment,15 cases of severe acute methamidophos poisoning patients were treated with HP, Blood samples were collected at 7 time points, before and 5, 15, 30, 45, 60mins following the beginning and the end of hemoperfusion. Blood samples were used for measuring the concentration of methamidophos and perfusion devices were used for measuring the volume of methamidophos adsorbed by the device after hemoperfusion.

RESULTS15 patients live in 12 cases, 3 cases of death. HP (former) blood Cholinesterase vigor were 662.60 + 632.05, HP (after) blood cholinesterase vigor were 2577.52 + 920.38 IU/L; The difference of blood Cholinesterase vigor between the before and after HP was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The patients' methamidophos concentration of blood when HP treated 45, 60, 120 min were respectively (851 + 672), (680 + 529), (587 + 520) microg /ml, there were significantly lower than that the patients' methamidophos concentration of blood who were before HP (1659 + 1105) microg/ml, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONHP can be cut down obviously methamidophos poisoning patients serum concentrations of toxic, the experimental method directly prove the clinical application of carbon HP can really adsorption methamidophos.

Adult ; Cholinesterases ; metabolism ; Female ; Hemoperfusion ; methods ; Humans ; Insecticides ; poisoning ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; poisoning ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: The type of brackets is closely related to the efficiency of orthodontic treatment. A self-ligating bracket is characterized by low friction, simple operation, mild pain and discomfort, and it has been an issue of concern in orthodontics. In recent years, studies on the therapeutic efficiency of self-ligating brackets versus conventional brackets for orthodontic correction have been reported, but there is no conclusion. OBJECTIVE: To systematically compare the conventional and self-ligating brackets concerning treatment efficiency. METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, WanFang, VIP and CNKI was performed for randomized controlled trials concerning self-ligating brackets versus conventional brackets for orthodontic correction. The keywords were "orthodontic brackets/ self-ligating, random" in English and "appliance/self-ligating/ conventional/orthodontic correction efficiency" in Chinese. The retrieve time was set from inception to December 2017. Stata12.0 software was used for meta-analysis following literature screening, data extraction and risk assessment of bias. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 9 randomized controlled trials involving 603 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis on the efficiency of the two groups showed that there was no significant difference in overall treatment time, number of visits, time of alignment and time of space closure (P ＞ 0.05). Only the time of chairside operation showed significant difference between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05). These findings indicate that compared with the conventional bracket, the self-ligating bracket has no obvious advantage in the therapeutic efficiency.

OBJECTIVETo study the feasibility of vector-mediated RNA interference for HER-2-positive breast cancer therapy.

METHODSA plasmid vector capable of mediating HER-2 RNA interference was constructed, and HER-2-positive breast cancer cell line SKBR-3 was transfected with this constructed vector. The expression of HER-2 mRNA and protein was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blotting, and the growth and apoptosis of SKBR-3 cells was analyzed after transfection.

RESULTSThe expressions of HER-2 mRNA and HER-2 protein was downregulated in response to vector-mediated HER-2 RNA interference, which also resulted in tumor cell growth inhibition and increased number apoptotic cells.

CONCLUSIONHER-2 is a good target for RNA interference and RNA interference targeting HER-2 can lead to HER-2 breast cancer cell apoptosis and growth inhibition.

Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo explore the differences of PDGF and EGF expression in the wound healing between fatal and adult.

METHODSWith the established animal model of fetal scarless healing and the adult samples, an immunohistochemical technique was used to evaluate the expression of PDGF and EGF in the normal adult skin, normal fetal skin, and the process of their wound healing.

RESULTS1. The expression of the PDGF was not found in the fetal skin, but a mild amount of the PDGF was shown in the epidermis and the upper dermal layer 12 hours and 1 day after the wounding process. In the normal adult skin, expression of PDGF was shown in the dermal fibroblasts, macrophagocytes and blood capillaries, and a strong expression was presented during its wound healing process. 2. In the fetal skin, the expression of the EGF was seen in the epidermis, hair follicles, sebaceous glands and sweat glands, but there were no markedly changes during the wound healing. In the adult skin, a positive stain of the EGF was shown in the basal layer of the epidermis while the mild stain in hair follicles and sweat glands. The level of the expression became gradually decreasing with the time going in the wounded adult skin.

CONCLUSIONThe different expression of growth factors between fetal and adult skin in wound healing may be one of the important reasons that the fetal wound could produce scarless healing.

Adult ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Epidermis ; metabolism ; Fetus ; Fibroblasts ; metabolism ; Hair Follicle ; metabolism ; Humans ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Skin ; injuries ; metabolism ; Sweat Glands ; metabolism ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on plasma levels of MSP and MCP-1 in AIDS patients.

METHODSForty Chinese AIDS patients were treated with HAART for 3 months and 84 German AIDS patients with HAART for 3 to 6 years. The pre-treatment and post-treatment plasma levels of MSP and MCP-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and their correlations with CD4+ cell counts and viral loads were analyzed.

RESULTThe mean levels of MCP-1 were significantly higher and MSP were significantly lower in HIV-infected patients compared with the HIV-negative controls (P <0.01). After HAART for three months, there were no significant changes in the levels of these cytokines. But after long-term HAART (for 3 to 6 y), the level of MCP-1 was increased and that of MSP decreased significantly (P<0.01). There was a negative correlation between MSP and MCP-1 levels, and the same for MSP level and CD4+ cell counts; while there was a positive correlation between MCP-1 levels and CD4+ cell counts.

CONCLUSIONThe changed plasma levels of MSP and MCP-1 are associated with HIV-1 infection and HAART may reverse the levels of these two cytokines.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; blood ; drug therapy ; Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Chemokine CCL2 ; blood ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Macrophage-Activating Factors ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

Objective·To evaluate if ultrasound acoustic force can reduce cerebrovascular micro-emboli after cardiac surgery. Methods·Seven pigs were used during the experiment, three for air emboli injection, three for solid emboli injection, and one for safety study. After anesthesia, right carotid artery, left atrial appendage, ascending aorta, and proximal innominate artery were exposed surgically. An intravenous catheter was inserted into left atrial appendage for injecting air or solid micro-emboli. The ultrasound transducer was placed at the bifurcation of the aorta and the innominate artery, with the sonic beacon toward the descending aorta. Micro-emboli through the right carotid artery were monitored by ultrasound transducer. Micro-emboli mixture (10 mL, air emboli or solid emboli) was injected with or without ultrasonic activation, each repeating three times. Micro-emboli through right carotid artery were measured under each condition. Ultrasonic time-intensity curves were performed and analyzed. For safety test, ultrasound with the same energy on a pig for 5 minutes was applied. The tissue samples were obtained for pathological evaluation from sonicated and non-sonicated areas of the aorta, trachea and the esophagus. Results·Ultrasonic time-intensity curve showed that the mean ultrasonic intensity of the right common carotid artery significantly decreased after ultrasonic activation. The intensity of air emboli reduced from 128.8±32.7 to 56.4±21.1 (P=0.000), while the intensity of solid emboli reduced from 109.8±19.9 to 75.4±21.9 (P=0.000). H-E staining of the surrounding tissues showed no differences between sonicated and non-sonicated areas of the aorta, trachea and the esophagus. Conclusion·Ultrasonic acoustic force can decrease the number of micro-emboli that enter the brain. Thus, it may lower the risk of postoperative neurological complications after cardiac surgery.