Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Data Collection ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Lead ; blood ; toxicity ; Lead Poisoning ; blood ; complications ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Risk Factors

A cutaneous branch of the suprascapular nerve was observed in 9 from 180 Chinese adult arms (5.0?1.62%), it has been found bilaterally in 3, and unilaterally in other 3 male cadavers.The cutaneous branch arose from the stem of an essentially normal suprascapular nerve under the superior transverse scapular ligament. After passing between the coraco-clavicular and coraco-acromial ligaments the cutaneous branch pierced obliquely the deltoid muscle and supplied the proximal third of the antero-lateral aspect of the arm. The distribution territory of the cutaneous branch coincided with the anterior half of the deltoid muscle.

Objective To observe the curative effect of Weifuchun combined with Shenqifuzheng pills in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis.Methods 85 cases patients were divided into the control group of 42 cases and the treatment group of 43 cases.The control group were treated with omeprazole enteric -coated capsules and colloidal bismmth pectin,while the treatment group were treated with Weifuchun and Shenqifuzheng pills.The course of treatment was two months.The patients were treated by endoscopy and pathological review after the treatment,then the datas were comparedwith that before treatment.Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was 67.44%,which of the control group was 40.48%,the was statistically significant difference between the two groups (χ2 =6.22,P <0.05).The symptom scores of stomach tingling,stomach fullness,facial darkness,anorexia and melena in the two groups had statistically significant differences (t =6.14,P <0.05).Conclusion Weifuchun combined with Shenqi-fuzheng pills have good curative effect in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis.It should be popularized in clinic.

Adult ; Angina Pectoris ; etiology ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; complications ; Bradycardia ; etiology ; Female ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Humans ; Prosthesis Failure

Objective To assess the regional left ventricular (LV) rotation motion in the patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) with velocity vector imaging (VVI).Methods This study included 38 patients with isolated MS (mild,moderate and severe) and 55 healthy control subjects.Short-axis parasternal views at the basal and apical level of LV were taken.Peak value of rotation angle and rotation velocity,as well as time to peak value were measured by VVI workplace offline respectively.Results ①In the healthy control subjects LV rotates clockwisely at the base and counterclockwisely at the apex,the same as the patients with MS.② In th patients with MS,rotaion angle and rotation velocity were significantly reduced at the apical level(P ＜0.001),rotation velocity were significantly reduced at some segments of basal level (anterior,lateral,septal) (P ＜ 0.05).③Compared with the healthy control,the difference of time to peak roation angle between base and apex was significantly longer in patients with MS (P ＜0.05).④ There were no significant differences among mild,moderate and severe MS (P ＞0.05).Conclusions The patients with MS may suffer from systolic dysfunctin even in the early stage identified by the alteration of LV rotation motion,which is independent of the hemodynamic severity of MS.

Objective To investigate the effect of isoflurane pretreatment on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced syndecan-1 shedding from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) . Methods HUVECs were cultured in EMB-2 medium and randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 32 each) : control group (group C), H/R group and isoflurane pretreatment group (group I). H/R was produced by 4 h exposure of HUVECs to hypoxia followed by 2 h reoxygenation in H/R and I groups. HUVECs were exposed to the mixture of 5% CO2 and 95% O2 for 30 min and then cultured in normal culture atmosphere (21% O2) in group C. In group I, HUVECs were expased to 1.73% isoflurane and incubated for 30 min before H/R. The syndecan-1 expression, concentrations of shed syndecan-1 in the medium, and cell permeability and viability were measured at the end of reoxygenation. Results Compared with group C, the shed syndecan-1 concentration in the medium and cell permeability were significantly increased, while the syndecan-1 expression and cell viability decreased in H/R and Ⅰ groups ( P ＜ 0.01) . Compared with group H/R, the shed syndecan-1 concentration in the medium and cell permeability were significantly decreased, while the syndecan-1 expression and cell viability increased in group Ⅰ (P ＜ 0.01) . Conclusion Isoflurane pretreatment can protect HUVECs against H/R injury through inhibiting the syndecan-1 shedding.

One hundred upper limbs of Chinese children of about ten years old weredissected for the study of their arterial branches forming the superficialvolar arch.The arches were divided into four types:1)radial arterial type,2)radial-ulnar arterial type,3)median-ulnar arterial type and 4)archlesstype.The first type has the highest percentage of 46%,the second one comesnext with 34%.The archless cases occupy 19%,and only in 1% was thearch formed by branches of the median and ulnar arteries.

The branches of the a. iliaca int. and ext. of 60 Chinese male adult cadavers (120sides) were studied and the findings are as follows: 1. The average length of the internal iliac trunk is 4.35?0.17cm,?=?1.34cm,in the left, and 4.56?0.21cm,?=?1.63 cm in the right. It is inversely proportionalto the average length of the common iliac artery. 2. The patterns of the branching of the superior, inferior gluteal and internalpudendal artieries may be classified into 5 types: type Ⅰ is present in 63 sides (cases)(52.5?4.55%); type Ⅱ and Ⅲ occur in 26 cases (21.67?3.76%); type Ⅳ occursin 4 cases (3.33?1.64%) and type Ⅴ is present only in 1 side (0.85 0.83%). 3. In most of the cases, the superior gluteal artery passes between the lumbosacraltrunk and the first sacral nerve (79.83%), while the inferior gluteal (66.67%) and theinternal pudendal artery (62.19%) usually pass between the second and third sacralnerve into the gluteal region. A few of these vessels may divide into 2 or 3 branchesbefore leaving the pelvis. 4. The accessory pudendal artery is present in 13 cases (10.83?2.83%). 5. The obturator artery originates from the internal iliac artery in 102 cases(85.0?3.26%), most of them spring from the anterior trunk of the internal iliacartery. In the other 18 cases, 2 spring directly from the external iliac artery (1.67?1.17%), 13 from the inferior epigastric artery (10.83?2.85%), and 3 have doubleorigins (2.5?1.42%), in which the 2 branches spring separately from the internal iliacand inferior epigastric artery. These abnormal obturator arteries occur in 14 cadavers(23.33?5.44%). 6. The iliolumbar artery is present in 80 cases (66.67?4.30%) as a singlebranch, in 37 cases (30.83?4.2%) with 2 separate branches and in 3 cases (2.5?1.43%) with 3 branches. It has various origins, most of them spring from the maintrunk or from the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery. 7. The lateral sacral artery occurs in 54 cases (45.0?4.54%) as a single branch,in 57 cases (47.5?4.55%) with 2 branches, and in 9 cases (7.5?2.44%) with 3branches. Its origin is comparatively constant, usually arising from the posterior trunkof the internal iliac artery. 8. Most of the superior vesical arteries spring from the root of the umbilical artery.The number of branches of this vessel varies from 1 to 6, but most of them have 1 (46cases, 38.33?4.43%) or 2 (45 cases, 37.5?4.42%) branches. 9. The inferior vesical artery has 1--3 branches. Most of them have a singlebranch (104 cases, 86.67?3.1%), it springs commonly from the anterior trunk of theinternal iliac artery or from the internal pudendal artery. 10. The deferent artery springs in 85 cases (70.83?4.15%) as a single branch,and in 35 (29.17?4.15%) with 2 branches. In the single-branch type it springsmostly from the root of the umbilical artery, and in the two-branch type both springcommonly from the superior vesical artery. 11. The inferior rectal (middle hemorrhoidal) artery is present only in 106 cases(88.33?2.93%), most of them spring from the internal pudendal and inferior glutealarteries. In 3 cadavers (5.0?1.99%) they spring from the middle sacral artery sym-metrically. 12. In 103 cases (85.85?3.32%) the inferior epigastric artery springs indepen-dently from the external iliac artery, in 16 cases (13.33?3.13%) it springs as a com-mon trunk with the obturator artery, and in one side (0.83?0.83%) with the medialfemoral circumflex artery. Its origin-site on the external iliac artery is proxmal to theinguinal ligament in 69 cases (57.5?4.51%) with an average distance of 0.95?0.10cm,?=?0.59cm in the left, and 0.73?0.08 cm,?=?0.43 cm in the right; in 43cases (35.83?4.67%) the origin-site is just behind the ligament; and in 8 cases(6.67?2.28%) it is distal to the ligament, its average distance is 0.48?0.09 cm,?=?0.18 cm in the left, and 0.45?0.11 cm,?=?0.22 cm in the right. 13. The deep iliac circumflex artery, a single branch, is present in 115 cases(95.83?1.82%), the remaining 5 cases (4.17?1.82%) have 2 branches. In 54cases (45.0?4.54%) its origin-site is just behind the inguinal ligament; in 36 cases(30.0?4.18%) is proximal to the ligament with an average distance of 0.56?0.09cm,?=?0.38 cm in the left, and 0.61?0.09 cm,?=?0.35 cm in the right; and in25 cases (20.83?3.72%) it is distal to the ligament, the average distance shows0.62?0.12 cm,?=?0.45 cm in the left, and 0.69?0.12 cm,?=?0.41 cm in theright.

Object To prepare and study a suitable carrier for paclitaxel in water. Methods Cetyl chitosan (CTCS), prepared by reacting chitosan (CS) with chlorocetane under alkaline condition, was soluble and spontaneously formed nanosphere about 100 nm in diameter. And the release in vitro from paclitaxel loaded CTCS nanosphere was measured in phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH=7 4). Results The balanced release concentration of paclitaxel was deceased and half release time (t 1/2 ) was delayed with the increase of substitution degree of alkyl. Conclusion This kind of nanosphere is an excellent carrier for paclitaxel in water.

The number of projects from free applications of the national natural science foundation of China (NSFC) about pharmacology of antitumor drugs in 2001 increased evidently than before. Those projects were mainly about the exploration of the natural materials with antitumor activity, investigation in new targets of antitumor drugs, study in the inhibition of angiogenesis in tumor cells,etc. The tumor pharmacology in China has made some progress, but it still lags much behind the international study level. Basic work and creative ideas should be strengthened for further development.