Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) is a kind of autoimmune disease with high morbidity characterized in synovitis.It has become a key goal for achieving an early RA remission.It is very important for application of RA remission normatively in the treatment of RA.In this paper, comparison and application of various RA remission criteria were reviewed, such as American College of Rheu-matology (ACR), European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Outcome Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trials ( OMERACT) group, ACR /EULAR remission criteria, etc.

Objective To observe the regulatory mechanism of substance P on the tension of human umbilical vein and the calcium ion of endothelial cells. Methods The tension was recorded by conventional physiological recording methods,and confocal laser scanning microscopy and patch\|clamp technique were used to observe the concentration of intracytosolic free calcium ion and the opening probability of membrane calcium ion channel of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Results Substance P induced the endothelial\|dependent relaxing of human umbilical vein and the increasing of the concentration of intracytosolic free calcium ion and of the opening probability of calcium ion channel in the cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells.Conclusion\ Substance P could be function as the activator of the releasing of the intracellular stored calcium ion,and the inflowing of calcium ion from the outside cell bodies to relax human umbilical vein.

Objective To investigate the expression characteristics of the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on the chromosome 10 (PTEN) in the central nervous system(CNS) of adult rats. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was used to demonstrate the PTEN-like positive immunohistochemical product. Results Expression of PTEN was extensive in the CNS. The distribution of positive cells was strong, moderate or weak and its subcellular localization included the cytoplasm, nuclei and processes. Conclusion The present results identify the expression of PTEN protein in the CNS of adult rats.

Nuclear factor-?appa B(NF-?B) is an important transcription factor in the expression of any inflammatory media.The role of NF-?B in rheumatoid arthritis has been thought high recently.This review presents the role of NF-?B in rheumatoid arthritis,and the research progression of intervention therapy in inhibition of the activation of NF-?B is also introduced.

Objective To investigate the value of Xueshuangtong combined with radiofrequency thermocoagulation in the treatment of lumbar degenerative lumbar pain.MethodsFrom January 1, 2014 to December 30, 2015, 60 patients with lumbar degenerative low back pain admitted in Jiashan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital.All of them were randomly divided into observation group and control group, and each with 30 cases.All patients received radiofrequency thermocoagulation, while the observation group received Xueshuantong for further treatment.All of the patients were assessed by the international Pain Association recommended the use of visual analogue scale (VAS) and McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ) and CRP when treatment before starting and after 1, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 90d of the treatment.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the two groups in VAS, SF-MPQ and CRP before treatment (P<0.05).However, when compared with the control group, patients in the observation group got significantly lower levels of VAS at 1, 3, 7 and 14d after the operation;significantly lower levels of SF-MPQ at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 30d after the operation;and significantly lower levels of CRP at 14, 30 and 90d after the operation (P<0.05).And we found no serious complications occurred in the two groups.ConclusionThe Xueshuantong combined with radiofrequency thermocoagulation treatment of lumbar facet joint is a safe, effective and inexpensive for the low back pain which caused by lumbar degeneration.

Aim To study effects of vigabatrin on absence-like seizures and tonic convulsions in spontaneously epileptic rats (SERs). Method Electrcorticogram and depth electroencephalographic activity in hip- pocampus of SERs were recorded with implanted electrodes after administration of vigabatrin. Results The number of absence-like seizures was significantly reduced from 100% to (54?5)%, (41?9)% and (34?4)% (P

The dendritic cell(DC) has the most powerful function among the antigen presenting cells known hitherto,which stimulates naive T cells and plays a pivotal role in inducing T cell tolerance.The role of DC in rheumatoid arthritis(RA) has aroused more and more attention.This article reviews the role of DC in RA and the researches on the drug intervention in its treatment.

Background Cytokines play a crucial role in mediating immune tolerance or immune rejection of corneal transplantation.However,the study on the expression of cytokines in corneal graft is seldom.ObjectiveThe purpose of the study is to investigate the change of cytokine expression in allografts at different time points after corneal transplantation.Methods BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice aged 6 to 8-week old were used to establish autologous and allografts keratoplasty models.BALB/c mouse was use as donor and receipt in autologous group,and the cornea of C57BL/6 mouse was used to graft on the BALB/c mouse in the allografts group.The graft inflammation was clinically scored,and graft inflammatory scores of ≥5 or opaciflcation scores of ≥2 were identified as rejection.BALB/c mice were randomized into normal control group(3 mice)and allografts group(15 mice).Reverse transcriptPCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) mRNA,interferon-γ (IFN-γ) mRNA,IL-10mRNA and tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α) mRNA in graft 6 hours and 1 day,3,7,14 days after operation.Results The corneal graft opacification score was ＜2 and inflammatory score was ＜5 in the 10 mice with autologous keratoplasty until 60 days with the survival rate 100％.The edema,opacification and new blood vessel were seen in the BALB/c mice received allografts keratoplasty.The inflammatory score was ≥ 5 and the opacification score was ≥2 24 days after surgery with the rejection rate 100％,in the allografts group,and the graft survival time was (17.80±4.66)days.RT-PCR showed that IL-4 and IFN-γ were positively expressed,and IL-10 and TNF-α were absently expressed in normal mouse cornea.In the allografts keratoplasty mice,positive responses for IL-4,IFN-γ and IL-10 were found in 6hours after operation,but TNF-α was absent.From 1 day through 3 days after operation,the expressions of IL-4,IFN-γand TNF-α were enhanced but IL-10 was disappeared in the graft.IL-10,IFN-γ and TNF-α were expressed till the 7th day,but on the 14th day,only IL-10 was detected in graft in the allografts keratoplasty mice.Conclusions TNF-αis a main factor among the variety of cytokines that may influent corneal allograft rejection locally.

35 g/L) by serum albumin determination. Relationship between prognosis and BMI as well as serum albumin was observed. Results:Morbidity of malnutrition was as high as 31.3 %.Concentration of serum albumin was low in most patients. Postoperative complications occurred mainly in malnutrition and hypoalbuminemia group. Conclusions:BMI and serum albumin are related with patients' prognosis and can be used to estimate risks of operations.

Objective To study the effect of ovarian estrogen on the expression of estrogen receptor beta (ER beta) of the basal forebrain of mice. Methods Ovariectomized (OVX) mice were used as animal model, and nickel ammonium sulfate intensified immunohistochemical SP technique was used to detect the changes of ER beta expression in the basal forebrain. Results The expression of ER beta in the basal forebrain of mice decreased dramatically, after OVX decreased to the lowest levels at 3 d after OVX, increased gradually, and recovered to normal level 20 d later. Conclusion Ovarain estrogen can regulate the expression of ER ? of the murine basal forebrain, indicating that estrogen, via ER ?, can regulate the nerous structure and function of the basal forebrain, which may be the mechanism of estrogen replacement therapy on Alzheimer′s brain.