Drug Compounding ; Ivermectin ; analogs & derivatives ; toxicity ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes ; etiology ; therapy ; Pyridazines ; toxicity

Objective:To clarify the relationship between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and the clinicopathologic features of primary lung adenocarcinomas in Xinjiang.Methods:The mutations of EGFR gene at exons 18 -21 in 59 cases (including 15 cases of Uighur and 44 cases of Han) of lung adenocarcinoma tissues,which were obtained from surgical resection,were detected by amplifica-tion refractory mutation system (ARMS)method.And the relationships among mutations,race and clini-copathologic features were analyzed.Results:The frequencies of EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinoma were 20% for Uighur,which was lower than that in Han (54.5%),P <0.05.The deletion mutations at exon 19 were seen in 2 of 15 Uighur cases and 9 of 44 Han cases.EGFR mutations were present,inclu-ding exon 21 L858R in one Uighur case and 12 Han cases,exon 18 G719X in two of 44 cases of Han, exon 21 L861Q in one of them.On histological type,the frequencies of EGFR mutation in alveolar pre-dominant adenocarcinoma was 71% (22 /31),which was higher than both that in solid predominant and mucinous carcinoma (6.7%,20% respectively).According to statistic analysis,EGFR mutations were without correlation with the patient’s gender,age,location,gross type,smoking status and lymph node metastasis(P >0.05).EGFR mutation was more frequent in well-differentiated cancer,mainly in acinar carcinoma,while poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and mucous adenocarcinoma were lower.Conclu-sion:There was a difference of EGFR mutation in primary lung adenocarcinoma between Uighur and Han in Xinjiang,perhaps reflecting ethnic genetic variation,which is worth further analyzing.EGFR mutation was commonly detected in well or middle differentiated adenocarcinoma,mainly in acinar carcinoma.

Objective To explore the correlation and significance between adult nut-cracker phenomenon (NCP) and varicocele. Methods The clinical characters of 226 adult patient (including inpatients and outpatients)with NCP diagnosed by color Doppler ultrasound examination were analyzed retrospectively, whose chief complaints were asymptomatic bematuria or/and orthostatic proteinuria (microalbuminuria). The ratio of left renal vein inner diameter before and after being compressed≥2 was regarded as the criteria of diagnosis of NCP. Among 226 cases, 184 male NCP patients were taken as study group, and the incidence of varicocele was tested. One hundred and fifty-six male adults who had physical examination in the same period and whose ages matched with study group were taken as control group, they were not NCP patients examined by color Doppler ultrasound. The incidence of varicocele was compared between two groups. The indexes associated NCP were examined in detail in study group. Logistic regression analysis was used to study the correlation between NCP and left varicocele. Results There were 184 male patients in study group, among which there were 22 patients with left sub-clinical varicocele (accounted for 11.96%), 47 patients with left varicocele (accounted for 25.54%).The total incidence of varicocole was 37.50%(69/184). There were 156 male adults in control group, among which there were 13 patients with sub-clinical varicocole(accounted for 8.33%), 8 patients with varicocele (accounted for 5.13%).The total incidence of varicocele was 13.46%(21/156). The total incidence of varicocele in study group was significantly higher than that in control group (P=0.000). In study group, there were 22 patients with left sub-clinical varicocele,with average age (24.73±1.03) years. The inner diameter of left renal vein(LRV) in front of spine was (3.65±0.11) mm(a),the inner diameter of LRV at left side of spine was (8.41±0.11)mm(b), and b/a ratio was 2.31± 0.06. The angle between superior mesenterie artery (SMA) and abdominal aorta(AA) was (15.95±0.59)°. There were 47 patients with left varicocele, with average age(26.62±1.74)years. The inner diameter of LRV in front of spine was (3.43±0.08)mm(a),the inner diameter of LRV at left side of spine was (8.72±0.14) mm (b), and b/a ratio was 2.54±0.08. The angle between SMA and AA was (14.54±0.53)°. In study group, Lagistic regression analysis proved that male patients with NCP were complicated with varicocele easier when the angle between SMA and AA became smaller, the inner diameter of LRV at the left side of spine (b)and age increased. Conclusions Male adult patients with NCP are complicated with left varicocele, which is significantly higher than that in non-NCP male adults at the same age. It shows that NCP is one important cause for varicocele and there is a close correlation between NCP and varicocele in male adults.

PurposeTo assess the level of agreement and interchangeability among Excel and CMRtools (2012) for calculation of T2* values in iron overload.Materials and Methods T2* images in 27 cases withβ-thalassemia major were imported into CMRtools (2012). The regions of interest (ROI) were drawn and interference signal removed to obtain T2* values. The T2* images were also measured using default MR software and manually entered into Excel to obtain T2* values after removal of the interference signal. The agreement between the two methods in calculating T2* values was compared.Results For 27 patients withβ-thalassemia major, 10 cases showed myocardial iron overload. 25 cases had liver iron overload. The T2* values from two methods were not statistically significant (t=-0.152 and-0.691,P>0.05) for the liver.Conclusion There is good agreement and interchangeability between Excel and CMRtools (2012) in calculating T2* values. Excel can be used clinically to evaluate iron overload.

AIM To compare the protective effects of norepinephrine preconditioning(NEPC)and ischemic preconditioning(IPC)on myocardial ischemic/reperfused injury in rats in vivo . METHODS Rats were divided into control, ischemia/ reperfusion, classic IPC and NEPC groups. After 20 min reperfusion, several indexes including cardiac function indexes, MDA were tested, the myocardial ultrastr ucture and the injury reaction of catalase observed. RESULTS Both IPC and NEPC could protect myocardial ultra structure, ameliorate left heart function, decrease cardiac MDA content and protect the activity of catalase. CONCLUSION Extra micro norepinephrine preconditioning as a non injury method can mimic the protective effects of classic IPC and shows its clinical values.

Objective To quantitatively analyze total hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA (HBV tDNA),covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and HBsAg in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB),HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),and to analyze the characteristics.Methods HBV tDNA and HBV cccDNA in the serum and liver biopsy samples were measured in 21 CHB,23 LC and 25 HCC patients by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. HBsAg titer was measured by chemiluminescence. Normally distributed variables among multiple groups were analyzed by ANOVA and t-test.Correlation between two variables was tested using Pearson correlation analysis.Skewed distribution was tested using Rank sum test.Results In CHB,LC and HCC patients,the serum HBV tDNA levels were (5.38±2.08),(4.96± 1.65) and (4.18 ± 0.91) lg copy/mL,respectively; the intrahepatic HBV tDNA levels in three groups were (7.18±1.91),(6.51±1.87) and (5.87± 1.47) lg copy/ug,respectively; the intrahepatic HBV cccDNA levels were (3.53±2.03),(2.63±2.13) and (0.58± 1.40) lg copy/μg,respectively; the serum HBsAg levels were (3.30±0.65),(3.12±0.52) and (2.60± 1.03) lg IU/mL,respectively.In CHB patients,the serum HBV tDNA,intrahepatic HBV tDNA,HBV cccDNA and HBsAg levels were all significantly higher than those of HCC patients (t=2.446,P=0.013; t=2.562,P=0.014;t=5.799,P＜0.01 ; t=2.709,P=0.003,respectively).However,only intrahepatic HBV cccDNA and HBsAg levels were statistically different between LC and HCC patients (t=-3.894,P＜0.01;t=-2.237,P=0.023,respectively).HBV cccDNA was all negative in the serum of 69 patients.The serum HBsAg level was positively correlated with serum HBV tDNA (r=0.290,P=0.016),intrahepatic HBV tDNA (r=0.372,P =0.002) and intrahepatic HBV cccDNA (r=0.378,P=0.001).Conclusions The levels of HBV tDNA,HBV cccDNA and HBsAg decrease gradually with the disease progression.The serum HBsAg level is positively correlated with serum HBV tDNA,intrahepatic HBV tDNA and intrahepatic HBV cccDNA.

Objective To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of levothyroxine combined with donepezil hydrochloride in adulthood hypothyroidism rats.Methods A total of 60 male SD rats was divided by random number table into group A,group B,group C and group D,15 rats in each group.The rats in group B,group,C and group D were treated with PLT to prepare hypothyroidism model,and group A was used as the control group.After successful preparation of the model,rats in group C and group D were injected intraperitoneally with levothyroxine(6 g/100 g) every day,and then group D was given another 0.005％ donepezil in drinking water.After 2 weeks,the learning and memory behavior of rats was observed by Morris water maze;the levels of serum T3 and T4 were measured by radioimmunoassay;the expression of syntaxin-1 in hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results The escape latency and swimming distance of rats were prolonged significantly in group B but shorted significantly in group C and group D,and swimming speed was significantly slowed in group B but significantly strengthened in group C and group D;the levels of T3 and T4 were obviously decreased in group B but increased significantly in group C and group D,especially in group D.The results of immunohistochemistry and Western blot showed that the expression level of syntaxin-1 in hippocampus of rats was lower in group B compared to control group but increased significantly in both group C and group D.Conclusion Levothyroxine combined with donepezil hydrochloride can improve the learning and memory ability in adult rats with hypothyroidism,and its mechanism is related to the increase of expression of synaptotagmin-1 in hippocampus.

AIM: To explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Shugan Jianpi Formula on liver fibrosis mice based on TLR4/MyD88/NLRP3 signaling axis. METHODS: The chemical liver fibrosis mouse model was established by carbon tetrachloride (CCl

N 6 -methyladenosine (m6A) is a chemical modification that exists in a variety of RNAs and is most commonly observed in mRNA. The liver is a vital metabolic and digestive organ in human body, and m6A methylation plays an important role in the physiological and pathological processes of the liver. This article reviews the biological role and potential application value of m6A methylation in liver physiology and liver diseases such as viral hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and it is pointed out that m6A methylation can regulate related factors and is involved in the development and progression of liver diseases, which provides new ideas and targets for clinical diagnosis and treatment.