Objective To understand the cognitive status of urology medical staff about hematuria color.Methods The self-designed questionnaire about color cognition was adopted,and the concentration of hematuria samples were determined.The investigation was carried out in 50 health care workers about their cognition of hematuria color.Results The study found that there were differences in color perception between doctors and nurses,doctors and nurses with different titles,doctors and the standard sample,nurses and the standard sample.Conclusions There are differences in judgment and description of the urine sample color in medical personnel,they are more attempted to judge by virtue of work experience and subjective consciousness.Due to the lack of a uniform and objective standards,the medical staff can not accurately and objectively describe the development of patients' condition,thus patients' recovery was affected.Therefore,a unified objective criteria for clinical reference norms of hematuria should be developed as soon as possible to ensure that patients recover quickly and safely.

Objective To evaluate the effect of sevoflurane postconditioning on autophagy during focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Forty-five clean-grade healthy male SpragueDawley rats,weighing 280-350 g,were divided into 3 groups (n=15 each) using a random number table method:sham operation group (S group),cerebral I/R group (I/R group) and sevoflurane postconditioning group (SP group).Focal cerebral I/R injury model was established by Zea-Longa method in chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats.The animals in SP group inhaled 2.4％ sevoflurane for 30 min starting from onset of reperfusion.The expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3 and beclin-1 was detected by Western blot at 2 h of reperfusion.The cerebral cortex was removed for examination of the morphology and number of autophagosomes with an electron microscope.Neurological deficit was assessed and scored at 24 h of reperfusion.Rats were sacrificed at 72 h of reperfusion for determination of the cerebral infarct size.Results Compared with S group,the neurological deficit score was significantly increased,the percentage of cerebral infarct size was increased,LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio in cerebral cortex was increased,the expression of beclin-1 was up-regulated,and the number of autophagosomes was increased in I/R and SP groups (P＜0.05).Compared with I/R group,the neurological deficit score was significantly decreased,the percentage of cerebral infarct size was decreased,LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio in cerebral cortex was decreased,the expression of beclin-1 was down-regulated,and the number of autophagosomes was reduced in SP group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Sevoflurane postconditioning mitigates focal cerebral I/R injury through inhibiting autophagy in rats.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus disease and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of scrub typhus disease. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the population and regional distribution of scrub typhus. Seasonal characteristics were analyzed using concentration method and circular distribution method, and incidence trend was analyzed using joinpoint regression model. Results The annual incidence rate of scrub typhus was 0.95/100 000 from 2010 to 2022. The incidence rate of male was 0.77/100 000, lower than that of female 1.12/100 000 (χ²=18.89, P<0.05). The incidence rate of the 60-74 years old group was 3.38/100,000, and the total number of cases in the age group 45-74 years was 416 (74.95%). Occupational distribution was mainly among farmers, with 448 cases (80.72%). The top three regions with the highest number of reported cases (in order: Donghai County, Ganyu District, and Guannan County) reported a total of 416 cases, accounting for 74.95%. Concentration ratio was M=0.9408, and the incidence of scrub typhus disease was strictly seasonal. Circular distribution results showed a^-=-62.3728, S=20.8960. The circular distribution results indicated that the peak day was October 19th, and the peak period was between October 7 to December 19. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) of the incidence rate from 2010 to 2022 was 13.70%, 95% CI (-8.62%~41.48%), and the incidence rate showed an upward trend (t=1.15, P=0.249). Conclusion The incidence of scrub typhus disease is strictly seasonal, and the incidence rate over the years shows an upward trend. It is necessary to strengthen monitoring and take various intervention measures to reduce the risk of scrub typhus disease.

The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling exert essential regulatory function in microbial-and onco-immunology through the induction of cytokines, primarily type I interferons. Recently, the aberrant and deranged signaling of the cGAS-STING axis is closely implicated in multiple sterile inflammatory diseases, including heart failure, myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, aortic aneurysm and dissection, obesity, etc. This is because of the massive loads of damage-associated molecular patterns (mitochondrial DNA, DNA in extracellular vesicles) liberated from recurrent injury to metabolic cellular organelles and tissues, which are sensed by the pathway. Also, the cGAS-STING pathway crosstalk with essential intracellular homeostasis processes like apoptosis, autophagy, and regulate cellular metabolism. Targeting derailed STING signaling has become necessary for chronic inflammatory diseases. Meanwhile, excessive type I interferons signaling impact on cardiovascular and metabolic health remain entirely elusive. In this review, we summarize the intimate connection between the cGAS-STING pathway and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. We also discuss some potential small molecule inhibitors for the pathway. This review provides insight to stimulate interest in and support future research into understanding this signaling axis in cardiovascular and metabolic tissues and diseases.