ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of National Natural Science Foundation ( NSFC ) on the progress of the discipline of endocrine and metabolic research from 1987 to 2010.MethodsThe data regarding the NSFC allocated to endocrine and metabolic research from 1987 to 2010 were collected.Total expenses and numbers of the majority of programs,unit distribution,times of funding and the situation of completed program finished in recent two years were provided.ResultsFrom 1987 to 2010,a total of 731 projects and 178 398 thousands Yuan expenses of NSFC were allocated to endocrine and metabolic research.The detailed allocations are as follows:general program ( n =462 ),Young Scientists Fund ( n =187 ),regional fund ( n =28 ),Key Program ( n =9 ),National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars ( n =5 ),Joint Research Fund for Overseas Chinese Young Scholars( n =2 ),Fund for Creative Research Groups ( n =1 ),International ( regional )joint research program ( n =11 ),and the others ( n =26 ).Taking the projects ( n =102 ) completed in 2009 and 2010 as an example,279 papers were published in Science Citation Index ( SCI ) included journals and 236 papers were published in Chinese journals.During the time of the projects completed,8 post-doctoral students,169 students for PhD degree,and 227 students for Master degree have been graduated.ConclusionOver the past 25 years,the continuously increased funding of NSFC on endowrine and metabolic research has led to substantial achievement.The grants of talent training and research program have increased dramatically,and the units of funding increased yearly.Talent training and subject-specific development have increased greatly.

The effects of adsorption time, solid-liquid ratio, sample concentration, flow rate on the adsorption properties of supported ionic liquids(the N-methylimidazolium functionalized silica, SilprMin) for flavonoids were investigated. The results indicated that the adsorption equilibrium for tested compounds, genistein, luteolin and quercetin, was achieved within 30 min, the adsorption efficiencies of these three compounds were improved with the increase of solid-liquid ratio, and decreased with the increase of their concentrations. Moreover, the adsorption isotherm data of the three tested compounds were in good concordance with the Langmuir model. The saturated adsorption capacity of SilprMim for genistein, luteolin and quercetin was 47.7, 52.5 and 63.2 mg/g, respectively. Adsorption efficiency of SilprMim could reach more than 90% at a sample flow rate of 0.5～1.5 mL/min. Using methanol as eluent, the saturated desorption efficiencies of genistein, luteolin and quercetin were 86.1%, 83.3% and 84.6%, respectively. The elution order of the three tested flavonoids was genistein, luteolin and quercetin. SilprMim had strong adsorption and separation capacity for three tested flavonoids, which was hopeful to be applied in separation and purification of naturally occurring flavonoids.

Objective To research and develop a model of the representative active component's content by NIR spectroscopy,so as to realize the on-line quality control of extracting process for multiple herbal medicine system in product scale.Methods The on-line NIR detection of extracting process was used to obtain the NIR spectrum,HPLC detection of the extracts was carried out to determine the content of danshensu,and PLS method was used to establish the relationship between the information of NIR and HPLC.Results The optimum NIR wavelength range was 9 715-7 082 cm-1,R=0.959 4,RMSEC=0.049 4,the average relative error was 7.2%.Conclusion NIR Technique could be used in the on-line quality control of Compound Danshen's extracting process.

Objective To study the preventive effect of cluster intervention strategies for central venous catheter(CVC)on catheter-related bloodstream infection? Methods One hundred and eighty six patients with CVC during Jan? to Oct? 2011 before application of cluster intervention strategies were assigned in the control group and another 193 with CVC during Jan? to Oct? 2012 after using cluster intervention strategies in the cluster group? The two groups were compared in terms of the incidence and time of CRBSI as well as the catheteration? Results After using the cluster intervention strategies,the incidence of CRBSI was decreased from 8?31‰to 1?67‰ (P < 0?001)? The time of CRBSI was prolonged from(7?47±2?44)to(13?75±1?92)d(P < 0?05)? The catheteration in subclavian vein was significantly increased from 39?78% to 71?50%(P < 0?05)and the catheteration was significantly deceased from 45?70% to 18?65%(P < 0?05)? Conclusion The CVC cluster intervention strategies may effectively reduce the incidence of CRBSI?

Objective To supply the fastest and most effective first aid for patients with the least medical workers and within the shortest time after the occurrence of emergent public health accidents by application of emergency management. Methods We carried out retrospective invetigations about 55 great medical succors from the year of 2004 to 2006.Results Application of emergency nursing management played a pivotal role in these 55 great medical succors. The medical workers handled all the emergencies without confusion and a large number of patients got first aid in time. Conclusion It could facilitated the first aid for emergent public health accidents by application of emergency nursing management.

Objective To investigate the effects of tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (TSG) on cytochrome P450(CYP) in mouse livers .Methods Kunming male mice were divided into the blank ,low dose and the high dose of TSG groups .3 ,5 and 7 after intra-gastrical administration of TSG ,mice were sacrificed and the mRNA expressions of CYP isoenzymes in mouse livers were measured by real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) ,respectively .Results TSG significantly inhibited CYP1A2 and CYP 3A4 mRNA expressions at 3th ,5th and 7th day after treatment .TSG time-dependently increased CYP2E1 mRNA expres-sion .TSG inhibited CYP4A14 mRNA expression at 7th day after treatment .Moreover ,TSG had no significant effects on CYP2B10 , CYP3A11 and CYP3A25 mRNA expressions .Conclusion TSG has significant effects on CYP1A2 ,CYP2E1 ,CYP3A4 and CYP4A14 mRNA expressions but no significant effects on CYP2B10 ,CYP3A11 and CYP3A25 mRNA expressions .

Objective To construct a ciaR gene-knockout (ΔciaR) mutant of Streptococcus pneu-moniae ( S. pneumoniae) and to investigate the effects of CiaR in CiaH/CiaR, a streptococcal two-component signal-transducing system, on the expression of genes encoding penicillin-binding proteins ( pbps genes) and cia-dependent small RNAs (csRNAs). Methods Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (ESMA) was per-formed to detect the recombinant CiaR (rCiaR)-binding pbps genes. A suicide plasmid pEVP3ciaR for ciaR gene knockout was constructed and then aΔciaR mutant was obtained through homologous recombination and insertion inactivation of the suicide plasmid, and screening with chloromycin. The mutant was identified using PCR and sequencing analysis. E-test was used to detect the minimal inhibitory concentrations ( MIC) of penicillin ( PCN) and cefotaxime ( CTX) against S. pneumoniae strains. Changes and differences in the expression of pbps genes and csRNAs in theΔciaR mutant and its wild-type strain before and after treatment with 1/4 MIC of PCN or CTX were detected using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Results The rCiaR could bind to the promoter regions in pbp1a, pbp1b and pbp2b genes of S. pneumoniae. The ciaR gene in ΔciaR mutant was inactivated by insertion according to the results of PCR and sequencing analysis. After treatment with 1/4 MIC of PCN or CTX, the expression of pbps genes at mRNA level ( pbps-mRNAs) in theΔciaR mu-tant was significantly increased (P<0. 05), but the levels of csRNAs were significantly decreased (P<0. 05);whereas a significantly decreased pbps-mRNAs (P<0. 05) and increased csRNAs (P<0. 05) were observed in its wild-type strain. The result of E-test showed that the MICs of PCN and CTX against ΔciaR mutant were increased by 250-fold as compared with those against its wild-type strain. Conclusion The CiaR can enhance the drug resistance of S. pneumoniae to PCN and CTX through down-regulating the expres-sion of PBP1a, PBP1b and PBP2b and up-regulating the expression of csRNAs to inhibit the expression of PBPs.

Objective To investigate if Chondrus yendoi decoction(CYD) and polysaccharide(CYP) have the effects of scavenging superoxide anion(O?—2),antioxidation,protecting mitochondria from damage.Methods Lipid peroxidation and swelling of mouse liver and brain mitochondria were induced by Fe2+-L-Cys system in vitro.Superoxide anion was generated by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)-N-methylphenazonium methyl sulfate(PMS)-4-nitrobluetetrazolium chloride(NBT) system.Lipid peroxide malondialdehyde(MDA),mitochondrial swelling and superoxide anion formation were determined by spectrophotometry.Results CYD and CYP could inhibit MDA production,protect mitochondria from swelling,and scavenge O?-2 obviously in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion CYD and CYP had the effects of scavenging O?-2,antioxidation,protecting mitochondria from injury.CYP was the major bioactive component.

microRNAs is a group of small non-coding RNAs that play a negative regulation role in expression of target genes at post-transcriptional level by inhibition or degradation of target mRNAs after combination of the seed sequence (SS) in microRNAs with the SS-binding sequences usually located at 5'ends of target mRNAs.microRNAs was firstly found in Caenorhabditis elegans.Subsequently,many different microRNAs in eukaryocytes were revealed.In eukaryocytes,microRNA precursors are transcribed at first and then become functional microRNAs with 21-23 nt in size after splice.Most of eukaryocytic microRNAs combime with the sequences at 3'end of target mRNAs that cause the translation inhibition or degradation of the mRNAs.In the recent years,many different prokaryocytes,such as bacteria,have been confirmed to possess microRNAs.However,the microRNAs in prokaryotes such as bacteria are 50-400 nt in size and have the biological activity without splice.Moreover,the characteristics,action sites and mechanisms of the prokaryotic microRNAs have some certain diversity compared to the eukaryotic microRNAs.Our review briefly introduce the major regulation mechanisms of gene expression as well as the general characteristics of microRNAs and their regulation mechanisms of gene expression in prokaryocytes and eukaryocytes,which will provide a basis for further and profound study on the gene expression regulation and pathogenic mechanisms of prokaryotic microbial pathogens.