MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short nucleotide non-coding RNAs which widely exist in eukaryotic organisms,involved in the body's life process,including cell growth,differentiation,proliferation,apoptosis and autophagy.MiR-204-5p is located on chromosome TRPM3 in the 9q21.12 large intron 6 expression,and miR-204 plays an important role in corneal wound healing process;and it regulates retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tight junction integrity and maintains the blood retina barrier in a quiescent state;in human trabecular meshwork cells,miR-204 appears to play an important role in the regulation of responses to endoplasmic reticulum stress,apoptosis,and production of inflammatory mediators.Identification of additional target genes will be necessary to fully understand the biological functions of miR-204.These studies found that it is a multidimensional expression in the eye,suggesting that miR-204 is likely to be the key miRNA in different eye diseases.This article reviews the biosynthesis of miRNA,the relationship between miR-204 and diabetic keratopathy,RPE cells,human trabecular meshwork cells,age-related cataract,diabetic retinopathy,retinoblastoma and autophagy,and explore the prevention of ocular refractory diseases with new targets.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of National Natural Science Foundation ( NSFC ) on the progress of the discipline of endocrine and metabolic research from 1987 to 2010.MethodsThe data regarding the NSFC allocated to endocrine and metabolic research from 1987 to 2010 were collected.Total expenses and numbers of the majority of programs,unit distribution,times of funding and the situation of completed program finished in recent two years were provided.ResultsFrom 1987 to 2010,a total of 731 projects and 178 398 thousands Yuan expenses of NSFC were allocated to endocrine and metabolic research.The detailed allocations are as follows:general program ( n =462 ),Young Scientists Fund ( n =187 ),regional fund ( n =28 ),Key Program ( n =9 ),National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars ( n =5 ),Joint Research Fund for Overseas Chinese Young Scholars( n =2 ),Fund for Creative Research Groups ( n =1 ),International ( regional )joint research program ( n =11 ),and the others ( n =26 ).Taking the projects ( n =102 ) completed in 2009 and 2010 as an example,279 papers were published in Science Citation Index ( SCI ) included journals and 236 papers were published in Chinese journals.During the time of the projects completed,8 post-doctoral students,169 students for PhD degree,and 227 students for Master degree have been graduated.ConclusionOver the past 25 years,the continuously increased funding of NSFC on endowrine and metabolic research has led to substantial achievement.The grants of talent training and research program have increased dramatically,and the units of funding increased yearly.Talent training and subject-specific development have increased greatly.

Objective:To analyze genetic diversity of Fluconazole(FLZ)-resistant and -susceptible Candida albicans(C. albicans) strains isolated from patients with Sjgren's Syndrome (SS). Methods:30 C.albicans strains were isolated from the patients with SS and identified using standard criteria. Microdilution method was performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of C.albicans to FLZ. A composite genotype was generated for each strain through random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) using three different primers, RSD10, RSD11 and RSD12. Results:The DNA fingerprinting profiles indicated genetic diversity amongst both the FLZ-resistant as well as -susceptible isolates, and no specific features emerged distinguishing the drug-resistant and -susceptible groups. Conclusion:These observations cast doubt on the theory of a clonal origin of FLZ-resistant C. albicans isolates. The emergence of FLZ resistance in SS patients may be associated with continuous exposure to FLZ.

OBJECTIVE:To study clinical efficacy and adverse drug reaction(ADR) of Cyclopentolate hydrochloride eye drops,Tropicamide eye drops and Atropine eye drops.METHODS:600 asthenopic children were divided into 3 groups according to visiting time sequence(n=200).3 groups were treated with 1% Cyclopentolate hydrochloride eye drops,1% Tropicamide eye drops and 1% Atropine eye drops respectively.Mydriasis effects of 3 groups were observed and results of retinoscopy were recorded.Ocular ADR and systemic ADR were surveyed.RESULTS:The level of ocular ADR and systemic ADR of tropicamide group were lower than other 2 groups(P

Objective: To compare the biotype and genetic similarity between groups of commensal and pathogenic strains of candida species. Methods:Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to analyse the type of Candida albicans. Results: 12 pathogenic isolates of Candida albicans, 3 commensal isolates of Candida abicans and 3 isolates of pathogenic non-albicans were obtained. The similarity coefficient of albicans with non-albicans was 51.7% by RAPD. Intra-candida similarity coefficient was more than 70%. Both the commensal and pathogenic isolates showed the genetically similar to C. albicans. Intro-isolate DNA polymorphism was observed by RAPD. Conclusion: Both the commensal and pathogenic groups contain a major cluster of genetically similar C. albicans isolates.

ObjectiveTo enhance the fund efficiency of dental research programs supported by National Natural Science Foundation (NSFC) and to reveal the achievements and progresses of the funds.MethodsThe data of programs in dental and craniofacial field supported by NSFC from 1999 to 2006 and completed between 2003 and 2009 were collected based on the final reports by the investigators.The data of personnel training,research publication,patent,awards,and academic communication at domestic and international levels were all collected and analysed. Results There were 307 grants in total,including 185 general programs,73 Young Scientists Funds,13 regional funds,3 Key Programs,1 National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars and 32 others.An average of 4 postgraduate students was trained by each program.In general,the outcomes of general programs were better than those of Young Scientists Fund,and the latter was better than regional fund.There was steady increase each year in the amount of papers published in SCI journals,and about half of the investigators published SCI papers.In addition,9 patents were registered and 13 prizes were won, and the investigators participated 610 domestic and international exchanges.Conclusions The continuously increase of NSFC support in dental field has led to substantial achievement,although patent application,the quality of papers and novel ideas need to be improved.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of heart rate deceleration capacity (DC) measurement in predicting the car-diotoxicity of malignant tumor patients treated with epirubicin-based chemotherapy. Methods:The clinical medical records, including CK-MB and cTnI levels and dynamic electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters before and after each chemotherapy cycle, of 140 patients treated with epirubicin-based chemotherapy were analyzed. Patients were divided into the DC>4.5 ms group and the DC≤4.5 ms group based on the calculated DC values. The CK-MB and cTnI levels and the dynamic ECG parameters of the two groups were compared af-ter two and four cycles of chemotherapy. Results:Patients in the two groups exhibited no statistically significant difference in their rele-vant clinical and pathological data before receiving chemotherapy (P>0.05). However, after four cycles of chemotherapy, the DC≤4.5 ms group showed a significantly greater increase in serum CK-MB and cTnI concentrations over the pre-chemotherapy levels compared with the DC>4.5 ms group. After two and four cycles of chemotherapy, the DC≤4.5 ms group also exhibited a significantly greater in-crease in mean heart rate (beats/min) and supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmia counts (times/24 h) over the pre-chemotherapy values compared with the DC>4.5 ms group (P<0.05). After four cycles of chemotherapy, 23 cases showed abnormally elevated cTnI levels in the DC≤4.5 ms group. In this group, patients with elevated cTnI level exhibited no statistically significant difference in CK-MB and cTnI concentrations, mean heart rates, and supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmia counts compared with those with nor-mal cTnI level before chemotherapy (P>0.05). However, the DC values of patients with elevated cTnI were significantly lower than those with normal cTnI level (P<0.05). Conclusion:The risk of epirubicin-induced cardiotoxicity increased with decrease in DC value. The DC test was shown to be an effective predictor of the risk of epirubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

To investigate how to promote the psychotherapy work of TCM in community hospitals. After a period of time developing the group psychotherapy of TCM and the community health education, Psychotherapy of TCM in community were promoted. In the community hospitals the psychotherapy work of TCM was carried out smoothly, and has been widely recognized and praised.

AIM: To make a comparison between 64-multidetector computed tomography (64-MDCT) and coronary angiography (CAG) for assessing the clinical significance of coronary lesions and the coincidence rate of these two methods. METHODS: From May 2005 to July 2006, totally 85 patients, who were suspected or diagnosed as coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, were performed with both 64-MDCT and CAG in the General Hospital of Chinese PLA. They included 64 males and 21 females, aged 41-83 years, with a mean of 61 years. Informed consents were obtained from all the patients. Coronary artery stenosis was detected with the stenosis rate of diameter method and area method, which was calculated by 64-MDCT and analysis software for vessels. Coronary luminal diameter was evaluated as normal, mild stenosis (25%-49%), mild-moderate stenosis (50%-74%), moderate-severe stenosis (75%-94%), severe stenosis (95%-99%), and occlusion (100%). RESULTS: The 64-MDCT images were evaluated for the existence of occlusions or significant stenosis (≥50% lumen reduction) in native coronary arteries. Its coincidence rate with CAG was 89% in left coronary artery main stem, 93% in left anterior descending coronary artery, 68% in left circumflex coronary artery, and 48% in right coronary artery. CONCLUSION: The 64-MDCT has a high diagnostic accuracy in detecting coronary artery stenosis, and is identical with CAG in the assessment of left coronary artery main stem and left anterior descending coronary artery. Thus it is potential for the clinical application on the evaluation of coronary artery stenosis, qualitative and quantitative detection of coronary atherosclerotic plaque.

This paper reviewed and analyzed the 72 fulfilled projects in the discipline of Otorhinolar-yngology supported in division Ⅱ of basic research of clinical medicine by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China (NSFC) from year 2002 to 2006, and gave a brief introduction to the part of research a-chievements. The science foundation promotes Otorhinolaryngology to a quick development, and produces some outstanding research achievements with international recognition. Thus, it plays an important role in el-evating the level of discipline and bringing up specialists. According to the retrospection and analysis of the fulfilled projects and their research achievements, we hope it can objective and overall reflect research pro-gress in the field of Otorhinolaryngology, and offer as a reference to the relevant researchers and scientific re-search managers.