OBJECTIVE:To study clinical efficacy and adverse drug reaction(ADR) of Cyclopentolate hydrochloride eye drops,Tropicamide eye drops and Atropine eye drops.METHODS:600 asthenopic children were divided into 3 groups according to visiting time sequence(n=200).3 groups were treated with 1% Cyclopentolate hydrochloride eye drops,1% Tropicamide eye drops and 1% Atropine eye drops respectively.Mydriasis effects of 3 groups were observed and results of retinoscopy were recorded.Ocular ADR and systemic ADR were surveyed.RESULTS:The level of ocular ADR and systemic ADR of tropicamide group were lower than other 2 groups(P

Objective To evaluate two different histopathological classification systems (Fletcher and Miettinen) for the risk in cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Methods One hundred and sixty-five GIST cases with complete clinicopathologic and follow-up data were evaluated for their biologic potential by the histopathological classification systems of Fletcher, and among those, 164 cases GIST were evaluated by the histopathological classification systems of Miettinen. The implication of two classification systems were compared by survival analysis. Results Evaluated by Fletcher histopathological classification system, 59 cases (35. 8%) were graded as high risk, 49 cases (29. 7%) as intermediate risk, 43 cases (26. 1%) as low risk and 14 cases (8. 5%) were very-low risk. Evaluated by Miettinen's system, 68 cases (41.5%) were as high risk, 23 cases (14. 0%) were intermedatie risk, 60 cases (36. 6%) were low risk and 13 cases (7. 9%) were very-low risk. Evaluated by both two systems, the survival time and disease-free survival time of high risk GIST were lower than those of very-low, low and intermediate risk GIST(P <0. 05), the survival time and disease-free survival time of intermediate risk GIST were lower than those of low risk GIST(P<0. 05). According to Fletcher's system, in the high risk GIST, the disease-free survival time of small intestinal, colonic and rectal GIST was lower than that of gastric GIST(P = 0. 022), and in the intermediate risk GIST, the survival time of small intestinal, colonic and rectal GIST was lower than that of gastric GIST(P =0. 032). According to Miettinen's system, in the risk subgroup of GIST, the survival time and disease-free survival time of gastric, small intestinal, colonic and rectal GIST has no statistical difference(P > 0. 05). Conclusions Fletcher histopathological classification system is simple and easy to use, while Miettinen's system for evaluating biological potential by anatomic site is more accurate and predictive in the selection of high risk patients for target adjuvant treatment.

Objective To investigate the relationship between tumor subclassifieation and the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Method From June 2000 to June 2007, 63 gastrointestinal DLBCL cases were enrolled. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect CDIO, Bcl-6 and MUM1 expression. Tumors were subclassified according to CDIO, Bcl-6 and MUM1 expression. Results CD10 expression was positive in 13 cases. Bcl-6 expression was positive in 53 cases. MUM1 expression was positive in 52 cases. According to the expression of CD10, Bcl-6 and MUM1, 17 cases(27%) were of germinal center B cell-like (GCB) DLBCL and 46 cases (73%) were of non-GCB. There was a significant difference in local lymph node metastasis between GCB group and non-GCB group, but there was no significant difference in terms of tumor size and infiltrate depth between the two subgroups. The survival time of patients in GCB group(76 months) was significantly longer than that of non-GCB group (28 months). Among cases receiving postoperative chemotherapy (CHOP), the survival of GCB group (76 months) was longer than non-GCB group (24 months). All 4 GCB cases and 4 non-GCB cases under R-CHOP chemotherapy are alive (22 ～ 47 months). Conclusion Gastrointestinal DLBCL subclassification is closely correlated with local lymph node metastasis, and this in combination with the expression of CD10 could be used to predict the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal DLBCL.

Objective To explore the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features, diagnosis and treatment,prognosis of hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach with neuroendocrine tumor.AFP, Syn, CgA, Ki-67, P53 were stained by immunohistochemistry and follow-up was conducted by telephone.Methods Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach with coexisting neuroendocrine tumor was identified in 13 cases from June 2004 to June 2014 in Ren Ji Hospital.Results Among the 13 cases of hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach coexisting with neuroendocrine tumor patients, there were 7 males and 6 females, with an median age of 62 years.Tumors located in the gastric cardia in 2 cases, in the gastric antrum in 8 cases and in the gastric body in 3 cases.Tumor ranged from 1-19 cm.The follow-up rate was 100％.The median overall survival rate was 12 months, two patients died of liver metastasis and one patient died of anastomotic recurrence.Serum AFP increased in 10 patients with hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach coexisted with neuroendocrine tumor.The structure consisted of hepatoid cell differentiation and adenocarcinoma differentiation and neuroendocrine differentiation area by histological microscope examination.Immunohistochemical staining showed that tumor regional AFP, Syn, CgA, Ki-67, P53 were positive.Conclusions Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach coexisting with neuroendocrine tumor is very rare, it is made up of three structures : hepatoid cell differentiation, adenocarcinoma differentiation and neuroendocrine differentiation area.Diagnosis relies on immunohistochemical and histological examination.

Objective:To investigate the KRAS gene mutation features in lung and gastric cancers and their relationship with clinicopathologic characteristics. Methods:A total of 128 lung cancer and 115 gastric cancer patients were included. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and DNA sequencing were conducted to detect mutations in exon 2 of the KRAS gene. Results:The mutation frequency of KRAS was different in lung and gastric cancers;however, it did not show any statistical significance (6.3%vs. 4.3%, P>0.05). The KRAS codon 12 gene mutation ranks the first in both types of cancer. No significant correlation was observed between the prevalence of KRAS mutations and patient's age and gender. KRAS gene mutation rate was higher in lung adenocarcinoma than in non-adenocarcinoma, such as squamous cancer (10.7%vs. 0%, P<0.05). Conclusion:No correlation was found between the KRAS gene mutation and the sex and age of lung and gastric cancer patients in Jiangsu Province. The rate of KRAS mutation was low. KRAS gene mutation rate was relatively higher in lung adenocarcinoma patients;thus, the mutation status of the KRAS gene should be evaluated be-fore undergoing EGFR-TKI therapy.

Objective To investigate if Chondrus yendoi decoction(CYD) and polysaccharide(CYP) have the effects of scavenging superoxide anion(O?—2),antioxidation,protecting mitochondria from damage.Methods Lipid peroxidation and swelling of mouse liver and brain mitochondria were induced by Fe2+-L-Cys system in vitro.Superoxide anion was generated by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)-N-methylphenazonium methyl sulfate(PMS)-4-nitrobluetetrazolium chloride(NBT) system.Lipid peroxide malondialdehyde(MDA),mitochondrial swelling and superoxide anion formation were determined by spectrophotometry.Results CYD and CYP could inhibit MDA production,protect mitochondria from swelling,and scavenge O?-2 obviously in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion CYD and CYP had the effects of scavenging O?-2,antioxidation,protecting mitochondria from injury.CYP was the major bioactive component.

Objective To analyze the clinico-pathological characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma(G-NEC).Methods Clinical data of 40 cases of G-NEC form January 2003 to August 2013 at Ren Ji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University were analyzed.Tumors were classified into different grades and stages according to the 2010 WHO classification and the 2006 European neuroendocrine tumor society (ENETS).Follow-up was conducted by telephone.The survival curves were drawn using Kaplan-Meier method.Univariate analysis was performed by the Log-rank test and multivariate analysis was performed by the COX proportional hazards model.Results Among the 40 G-NECs patients,29 were male(72％) and 11 were female(28％),with an median age of 61 years.Tumors located in the gastric cardia in 20 cases,in the gastric antrum in 11 cases and in the gastric body in 9 cases.Tumor ranged from 1 cm-20 cm.All patients were G-NEC (G3).Follow-up rate was 100％ (40/40).The median overall survival rate was 12 months,and one-year survival rate was 82％.Immunohistochemically G-NEC cells were positive for CgA and Syn in 11 cases.Gender (x2 =5.673,P ＜ 0.05),Ki-67 index (x2 =8.612,P ＜ 0.05),and lymphnode involvement (x2 =0.559,P ＜ 0.05) were prognostic factors of G-NEC patients.Conclusions The symptoms of G-NEC are nonspecific.Its diagnosis relies on pathological examination and immunohistochemistry.Syn and CgA are the most important markers.Female gender,lower Ki-67 index and lower lymph node metastasis predict a survival advantage.

ObjectiveRetrospectively investigate the characteristics of neoplasma of health checkup participants to find ways to improve cancer detection rate.Methods A total of 186 confirmed cancer patients were enrolled in this study.Personal information,including age,gender,andlocation were collected.The contribution of clinical symptoms,physical examination and laboratory test to cancer detection was investigated.ResultsBiopsy confirmed cancers accounted for 0.133％( 186/140 127 ).Lung (0.036％ ),liver ( 0.017％ ),kidney ( 0.014％ ),colorectal ( 0.013％ ) and gastric cancer ( 0.011％ )were the most commonly found neoplasma.Detection rate of liver cancer in male was significantly higher than that in female (x2 =6.181,P＜0.05 ).Asymptomatic cancer was found in 158 adults (84.9％ ).Ultrasound showed a significantly higher sensitivity to liver,kidney and thyroid cancer than tumor biomarkers.The detection of lung cancer was improved with the combination of X ray,tumor marker( TM ),clinical symptom and low-dose chest CT scan.In 2008,the detection rate for digest system carcinoma (0.083％ ) and lung cancer (x2 =8.538,P＜0.05) was significantly increased (x2 =11.792,P＜0.05).ConclusionsHealth check-up plays an important role in early detection of cancer.The combined use of physical examination,chest X ray,ultrasound test,TM and CT may improve the detection of cancer.

Objective To investigate the expression characteristics of BRAF,RAS and TERT genes in ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration specimens and their application value in the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 537 cases of fine needle aspiration speci-mens of thyroid nodules in the Aviation General Hospital.The cell smear and liquid-based cell section prepara-tion from each specimen conducted the Papanicolaou's stain and the results were interpreted according to the Bethesda grading system.The gene mutation situation in punctured tissues was analyzed by real-time quantita-tive PCR.Results There were 65 cases (12.10％) of Bethesda class Ⅰ nodules,153 cases (28.49％) of class Ⅱ,84 cases (15.64％) of class Ⅲ,9 cases (1.68％) of class Ⅳ,73 cases (13.59％) of class Ⅴ and 153 cases (28.49％) of class Ⅵ.There were 220 cases (40.97％) of BRAF V600E mutation,21 cases (3.91％) of NRAS mutation,6 cases (1.12％) of KRAS mutation and 2 cases (0.37％) of HRAS mutation.Among them,there was BRAF V600E and KRAS co-mutation in 1 case.BRAF V600E gene mutation had the correlation with cytological diagnostic results (P<0.05),BRAF V600E mutation was more likely to occur in younger ones (P<0.05),and BRAF V600E mutation was more common in males than in females (P<0.05).KRAS mutation was more likely to occur in nodules in the left lobe of the thyroid gland (P<0.05).Conclusion BRAF V600E gene mutation is the most common among thyroid fine needle puncture specimens,and the NRAS mu-tation is in the majority for RAS gene mutations.

The pediatric reference intervals in clinical laboratory play an important role in diagnosis of illness,therapeutic monitoring,prediction of prognosis and health evaluation.Compared with establishing reference interval for adults,there are more challenges to establish pediatric reference intervals.Therefore,the procedure and key technologies of direct method and indirect method are stated based on the characteristics of children population and pediatric,by which to define,transfer and validate pediatric reference intervals.This study will provide systematically methodological ideas for clinical laboratories to establish pediatric reference intervals.