A method was evaluated for determination of twenty-one doping (including nandrolone, boldenone and methandienone) in human urine by gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction, concentrated, TMS derivatization and limit of detection at ng x mL(-1) by MID/GC/HRMS. According to the code of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), precision and recoveries of the procedure were evaluated by replicate analysis (n = 6), the recoveries in the range of 66%-103%, with the RSD below 10.0%. The precision within the day of the method with three different concentrations was also determined RSD were less than 9.5%, 10.0% and 9.7%.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and efficiency of monitoring noninvasive respiratory effort and respiratory load-capacity ratio in patients undergoing weaning from mechanical ventilation by mean inspiratory pressure(Pi) which were calculated on the basis of the formula, Pi = 5 × P 0.1 × Ti, as well as the noninvasire tension index calculated from Pi(TTIi). Method Totally 12 patients undergoing weaning from mechanical ventilation were enrolled in the study and their underlying diseases included COPD( n = 9), ARDS( n = 2) and status asthmaticus(n = 1) respectively. Esophageal pressure(PesoM) was monitored via the insertion of esophageal balloon and corrected esophageal pressure(Peso) was acquired by subtracting elastic pressure of chest wall from PesoM. P 0.1, Maximal inspiratory pressure on esophageal pressure curve(MIPeso) and on airway pressure curve(MIPaw) was measured with conventional technique. Pi was calculated on Pi = 5 × P 0.1 × Ti. Pi and MIPaw were used to calculate the noninvasive tension-time index TTIi, whereas Peso and MIPeso were used to calculate the invasive counterpart TTIeso. Comparisons, Correlation and Bland-Altman agreement analysis were made between P0.1 and Peso as well as between TIIi and TTIeso. Results There were no significant differences between Pi and Peso as well as between TTIi and TTIeso(P > 0.05) ,and the correlation coefficients were 0.974 and 0.957 respectively. In the agreement analysis, the mean difference between Pi and Peso, and between TTIi and TTIeso were lower than the minimal values of(Peso + PiSB )/2 and of(TIIi + TTIeso)/2, respectively. Conclusions There is a good correlation between Pi and Peso as well as between TTIi and TTIeso, in which Pi is calculated calculated from P 0.1 and in turn the TTIi is calculated from Pi. The noninvasive indices including Pi and TTIi can be used to monitor respiratory effort and respiratory load-capacity in patients undergoing weaning from mechanical ventilation.

Objective To compare negative expiratory pressure (NEP)technique with conventional test in detecting expiratory flow limitation (EFL)in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases( COPD) patients. Methods EFL was measured with NEP technique and conventional method respectively in 72 COPD patients;EFL was measured with NEP technique in 20 COPD patients who failed to perform conventional test. Results EFL was detected in 54 of the 72 COPD patients. NEP test was successfully performed on the 20 patients, and 19 of them were found with EFL. The level of forced expired volume in one second percentage( FEV_1 % ) of the patients with 2-score group (46. 92 ± 12. 74) % and 3-score group (33. 35 ± 8.96)% were significantly lower than that of the 1-score group(63. 60 ±16.65)%. Area under curve of NEP technique and conventional test in ROC is 0. 903 and 0. 761 respectively. Conclusions As compared with conventional test, EFL detected with NEP technique is more reliable in evaluating dyspnea of COPD patients. It is simple and doesn't require any cooperation of the patients. NEP technique can be applied in COPD patients who fail to receive conventional test.

Objective To investigate the role of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-2 (DDAH-2)/asymmetric dimethylarginine(ADMA)in pathophiology of preeclampsia by detecting expression of DDAH-2 in placenta and serum plasma ADMA.Methods From Jan.2004 to Jan.2005,30 preeclampsia patients(PE group)were chosen in the Third Affiliated Hospital.Guangzhou Medical College matched with 10 normal third trimester women as control(control group).The placental DDAH-2 mRNA expression was detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(FQ-PCR)and the plasma concentration of ADMA WSB determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results(1)The level of ADMA in PE group was significantly higher that than of control group[(18.0±7.2)mg/L vs.(10.3±1.7)mg/L,P<0.01].The expression level of ADMA in preeclampsia occurring before 34 gestatinal weeks WaS significantly higher than that of preeclampsia occurring after 34 gestational weeks[(22.0±7.0)ms/L vs.(12.7±2.8)mg/L,P<0.01].(2)The Placental DDAH-2 mRNA expression in preeclampsia patients was remarkably lower than that of control group[1×10(5.23±0.45)copy/μlvs.1×10(5.65±0.08)copy/μl,P<0.01].The Placental DDAH-2 mRNA in preeclampsia occurring before 34 gestatinal weeks was significantly lower than that of preeclampsia occurring after 34 gestational weeks [1×10(5.02±0.46)copy/μl vs.1×10(5.61±0.19)copy/μl,P<0.01].Conclusion Our results suggested that low expression of DDAH-2 in placenta and increased serum ADMA level might confer the susceptibility to preeclampsia.

Objective To study the frequency of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR)mutations in patients with congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens(CBAVD).Methods Eighty-five CBAVD patients were collected from May 2007 to May 2009.The diagnosis of CBAVD included azoospermia,normal of 4 sex hormone items,absence of seminal vesicle,normal volume of testicular and epididymis dilated siltation.And 85 normal fertile men served as controls.Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood.The mutations of CFTR exons 10,11 were detected by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism,and direct sequencing was performed on 85 cases of CBAVD and the control males.Results Of the 85 CBAVD,10 cases(11.8％)exhibited an abnormal CFTR gene mutation,with 4 cases I556V,2 cases M469V,and 1 case of E527N,A F508,L558S,S485C.No mutations were detected in 85 controls.There was a significant difference between the 2 groups(x2 =8.606,P =0.003).Conclusions CBAVD might be caused by the CFTR mutations.The frequencies and the spectrum of CFTR mutations might be different from those Caucasian population in the west country.

Objective To discuss the method of stomach tube instead of normal nasointestinal tube for severe craniocerebral injury patients.Methods Placing the stomach tube into the jejunum blindly according to the patient's gastrointestinal peristalsis for 99 severe craniocerebral injury patients and observing the success rate and plugging rate.Results Ninety-two tubes were successfully placed,the success rate was 92.9％(92/99).The placement time was (45.9±26.7) min.The time of successful insertion tube enteral nutrition was (46.0±34.2) d.No clogging occurred during this period.Conclusions The method of stomach tube instead of normal nasointestinal tube is safe and effective.

Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; blood ; diagnosis ; Plasma Cells ; cytology ; Plasmacytoma ; blood ; diagnosis

In order to obtain three isoforms of apolipoprotein E (apoE), the cDNA encoding apoE3 was obtained by RT-PCR from normal human liver tissue. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to obtain the cDNAs encoding apoE2 and apoE4 isoforms. The 3 cDNAs were subcloned into vector pGEM-3Z and verified by DNA sequencing. The expression recombinant which can express the target protein as a (His) 6-tagged fusion was constructed by subcloning apoE cDNA into vector pT7-PL. The purified proteins were gained by Ni-NTA column. The SDS-PAGE results revealed the 6 His fusion proteins (apoE2, apoE3 and apoE4) were correctly expressed and purified successfully.

Objective:In recent years,the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy(DN)has increased significantly.An increasing number of studies have shown that lymphocyte-associated inflammatory responses play a role in DN.This study aims to investigate the relationship between lymphocytes and DN in patients with autoimmune diabetes. Methods:The clinical data of 226 patients with Type 1 diabetes(T1D)and 79 patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults(LADA)were retrospectively studied and stratified according to the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio(ACR).Risk factors associated with DN were analyzed using correlation analysis and logistic regression. Results:In T1D and LADA patients,systolic blood pressure(SBP),uric acid duration,and diabetes duration in patients with normoalbuminuria were lower or shorter than those in patients with macroalbuminuria(P＜0.05).The lymphocyte count of T1D patients was significantly higher than that in LADA patients(P＜0.05),while the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR)of T1D patients was significantly lower than that in LADA patients(P＜0.05).The lymphocyte count in the T1D patients with normoalbuminuria was lower than that those with macroalbuminuria(P＜0.05).The NLR was lower in the T1D patients with macroalbuminuria than those with microalbuminuria and normoproteinuria(all P＜0.01).Based on logistic regression analysis,lymphocytes were independently associated with DN in T1D after adjusting for various known risk factors such as course of disease,age,gender,dyslipidemia,hypertension,and smoking status.Analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve of subjects predicting lymphocytes in normoalbuminuria showed that the area under the curve was 0.601(95% CI 0.510 to 0.693,P=0.039),and when the cutoff value of lymphocytes was 2.332,the sensitivity was 37.0%,and the specificity was 82.5%. Conclusion:Lymphocyte counts in autoimmune diabetic patients are closely associated with DN,suggesting that lymphocyte-mediated inflammation may be involved in the pathogenesis of DN in autoimmune diabetic patients.This study provides a possible perspective for using lymphocytes as a potential biomarker for the early identification of individuals at risk for DN and potential therapeutic targets for DN.

This paper summarized the experience in treating bronchiectasis with Mahuang Shengma Decoction （麻黄升麻汤）. The pathogenesis of bronchiectasis is “lung-spleen qi deficiency” as the root， and “phlegm-heat obstructing the lung” as the branch. The key point of treatment is to improve the internal environment of phlegm， heat， and deficiency. According to clinical experience， Mahuang Shengma Decoction is good at raising the yang qi to dissipate fire， clearing the upper and warming the lower， which is in accord with the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis. In clinical practice， Mahuang Shengma Decoction is usually used as the basic formula， and the heat-clearing medicinals and center-warming medicinals of the formula will be adjusted according to the abnormal exuberance of heat or cold of the pathogenesis； and the formula can also be modified in accordance with the symptoms. At the same time， importance should be attached to the application of Mahuang （Herba Ephedrae）， and its dosage should be flexibly adjusted according to the constraint degree of the pathogenic qi， so as to expel the constraint fire， bank up earth to generate metal， regulate heat and cold simultaneously， and treat both the root and the branch.