Objective To determine the relationship between cigarette smoking and the incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus.Methods Database including Cochrane Library,Pubmed,OVID and Elsevier were electronically searched to collect case-control and cohort studies on the relationship between cigarette smoking and incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus.The literatures were screened and the data were extracted independently according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.The quantitative analysis were performed by using Stata 12.0 software.Results The pooled OR values (95％ confidence interval)of current smoking and ever smoking were 1.82 (95％CI 1.42～2.34) and 1.22 (95％CI 0.96～1.56) respectively.Conclusions Our Meta-analysis revealed a moderate but statistically significant association between current smoking and development of systemic lupus erythematosus.However,it is still not confirmed whether the past smoking is one of the risk factors of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective:To explore the mechanism and characteristics of total saponin of stibmata maydis in decreasing blood glucose by study the effect total saponin of stibmata maydis on carbohydrate tolerance reducing mice model and ?-glucosidase activity in vitro.Methods:The model was established by intramuscular injecting Dexamethasone.Fasting blood sugar and serum blood sugar level were measured to observe the effect of total saponin of stibmata maydis.An enzyme-inhibitor model was established to study the effect of total saponin of stibmata maydis on ?-glucosidase activity.Results:Compared with model group,total saponin of stibmata maydis of middle dosage can remarkably reduce blood sugar level after irrigating the glucose for 30min,60min and 20min;high and low dose of total saponin of stibmata maydis and the group of Diamicron can obviously reduce the blood glucose level at every time period;total saponin of stibmata maydis can inhibit the activity of ?-glucosidase in vitro and have obvious dose-effect relationship.Fifty percent of ?-glucosidase activity is inhibited at 45.07?l(20mg/ml).Conclusion:Total saponin of stibmata maydis had the remarkable function of improving carbohydrate tolerance on reducing mice model induced by Dexamethasone and inhibits ?-glucosidase activity.

Objective To investigate the effect of neonatal overfeeding on the expression of lipid metabolic associated enzymes and molecular mechanisms in the livers of rats. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to litter sizes of three group ( small litters,SL group) or ten ( normal litters,NL group) on postnatal day 3. Body weight,milk intake,liver and fat pad (epididymal and retroperitonea) weight,and hepatic histological anal-ysis were recorded in week 2 and week 3,respectively. The levels of lipids were detected by the automatic biochemical analyzer. The mRNA expressions of acetyl-CoA carboxylase ( ACC) ,lipoprotein lipase ( LPL) ,liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1(CPT1),microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptorα(PPARα) in liver were determined by real time PCR;the protein expressions of SREBP-1c and PPARα were determined by Western lot. Results As early as week 2,the body weight of rats in SL group began to elevate (t=-5. 997,P<0. 001) and food intake (t=-3. 462,P=0. 002) compared with the rats in NL group,and persistent to weaning (body weight:t=-17. 019,P<0. 001;food intake:t=-2. 276,P=0. 031). By the time of 3 weeks old,SL rats increased visceral fat pad [ret-roperitonea (t=-7. 643,P<0. 001),epididymal (t=5. 997,P=0. 001)],liver weight (t=-7. 812,P<0. 001),hepatosomatic index (t=-3.829,P=0. 003) and serum triglyceride (TG) level (t=-2. 703,P=0. 022) compared with those of NL rats,as well as the level of hepatic ACC mRNA (t=-3. 751,P=0. 007),LPL (t=-2. 721,P=0. 017) and L-FABP mRNA (t=-2. 521,P=0. 026) . While CPT1 mRNA (t=-1. 531,P=0. 155) and MTP mRNA (t=-1. 741,P=0. 098) levels remained unchanged in both groups. Hepatic SREBP-1c mRNA expression increased in SL rats after 2 to 3 weeks (t=-2. 836,P=0. 016),paralleled with ACC and LPL mRNA expression;while the mRNA and protein expression of PPARα re-mained unchanged (t=-0. 854,P=0. 411). Conclusions Postnatal overfeeding can promote higher liver pad and dyslip-idemia at the time of weaning. The process may be regulated by up-regulated expression of ACC, LPL and L-FABP. SREBP-1c may be participated in the regulation of ACC,a rate-limiting enzyme involved in lipogenesis.

Objective By constructing mortalin stably expressing ovarian cancer cell lines in A 2780 and A2780/cis, we demonstrate the role of mortalin in the ovarian cancer cell growth .Methods CCK-8 assay was used to measure cell viability in the overexpression mortalin group compared with the control group .The flow cytometry analysis was used to understand the effect of upregulated mortalin on the ovarian cancer cell cycle .Western blotting was used to determine the expression and phosphorylation level of MAPK /ERK and JNK/SAPK signal pathways .Results The results showed that increased expression of mortalin could accelerate ovarian cancer cell proliferation and promote G 1 transition, leading to a faster restoration of normal distribution of cell cycle .We found that mortalin overexpression significantly activated p-Raf and p-ERK1/2, but not p-JNK.Conclusion The results demonstrate that mortalin effect on the ovarian cancer cell proliferation contributes to active the MAPK-ERK signaling pathway .

A method was proposed for the separation and determination of paraffin waxes in food by HPLC-evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD). A normal-phase column was used to separate nonparaffinic and paraffinic materials without resolving the latter into individual components. The t-test method was adopted for the evaluation of mean difference between response factors of n-alkanes in paraffin waxes on ELSD detector. No mean difference was obtained between response factors, which can be used for quantitative determination of paraffin waxes in food. The determination results obtained by HPLC-ELSD were compared with those by GC-MS. The linear range for the determination of paraffin waxes was in the range from 10 to 500 mg/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.9988, and the limit of detection was 1.0 mg/L. With the spiking level of 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg, the recovery ranged from 84.6% to 105.4% and the relative standard deviation ranging from 5.4% to 7.2%. The proposed method is simple, fast and sensitive.

Objective:To investigate the effects of a stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice and crisscross bristle manual tooth-brush in the management of dental plaque and gingivitis.Methods:249 cases with gingivitis were enrolled in an office-based study. The study was unsupervised and single-centered with open-label and self-control.At baseline,gingival health and plaque coverage were assessed by dentists using categorical scales.Participants were given stannous containing sodium fluoride dentifrice and crisscross bristle design manual brush,and were instructed to use the products by manufacturer's usage instructions twice daily for 30 days.At the end of 30 days,plaque and gingivitis were reassessed using the same categorical scales.Results:232 participants(1 78 females and 54 males) completed the study.Gingivitis data of 5 cases and dental plaque data of 3 cases were not judgable.After 30 days of product use,226 cases(99%)showed noticeable improvement in their gingival health;227(96%)cases showed improvement in overnight plaque cover-age.Conclusion:Stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice in combination with crisscross bristle toothbrush is effective in the management of gingivitis and dental plaque.

Objective To study the effects of postnatal overfeeding and high-fat diet on blood pressure of rats,and to explore the pathophysiological mechanism underlying hypertension induced by continuous early postnatal overfeeding.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal feeding group (10/litter) and overfeeding group (3/litter) on postnatal day 3 with a random number table.After weaning at postnatal week 3,the rats were randomly given standard chow or high-fat (HF) diet until week 16.Hence four groups were analyzed,namely normal feeding group,breastfed overfeeding group,post-weaning overfeeding group,and continuous overfeeding group.Body weight was continuously monitored in each week.Visceral fat pad (retroperitoneal and perigenital),systolic pressure,and heart rate were observed at week 3 and week 16.Thoracic aorta was sampled for measurement of vascular endothelial dilation function.Histological morphology was observed with HE staining,nitric oxide content of thoracic aorta was detected with nitrate reductase method.The mRNA expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in thoracic aorta was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction.The protein expressions of eNOS and phosphorylated eNOS were determined by Western blot.Results At week 3,breastfed overfeeding rats displayed significantly larger body weight [(77.80 ± 0.57) g vs.(62.80 ±0.85) g,t =14.576,P ＜ 0.01] and visceral fat [retroperitoneal:(8.19 ± 0.49) mg/g vs.(4.92 ± 0.31) mg/g,t =5.629,P＜0.01;perigenital:(3.50 ±0.29) mg/g vs.(2.08 ±0.13) mg/g,t =4.552,P ＜0.01] compared with normal feedindg rats,and the protein expression of phosphorylated eNOS in aortic tissues was significantly reduced to week 16 (F =15.215,P ＜0.01);high-fat diet feeding after weaning further increased the body weight and fat mass in breastfed overfeeding rats.At week 16,continuous overfeeding rats showed hypertension [(149 ± 1.94) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa),F =22.834,P ＜0.01],impaired vascular endothelial dilation function (F =7.648,P ＜ 0.05),and reduced protein expression of phosphorylated eNOS (F =15.215,P ＜ 0.01),while the post-weaning overfeeding group only had elevated blood pressure.Conclusions Overfeeding in breastfeeding period and high-fat diet after weaning leads to hypertension.The continuous decrease in phosphorylated eNOS in vascular tissues may be an important molecular process participating in the occurrence of vascular endothelial dysfunction in adults induced by postnatal overfeeding.

Objective To explore the epidemiologic and clinical features of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by Coxsackie virus A16 (CA16) in Suzhou from 2010 to 2014, and analyze the relationship between the SNPs of oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) and HFMD caused by CA16 infection.MethodsThe clinical data of children diagnosed with HFMD caused by CA16 during 2010 and 2014 were collected. The epidemiological characteristics were analyzed. Among them, 167 cases were selected to make comparison of the clinical features with 166 cases of HFMD caused by EV71 infection in the same period. The genotyping ofOAS1 rs10774671 was detected by TaqMan probe technique in 167 cases of CA16 infection children, 166 cases of EV71 infection children with HFMD and 163 healthy children. The relationship between polymorphism of gene and infection of CA 16 was analyzed.ResultsA total of 9 016 children with HFMD were included. CA16 nucleic acid detected to be positive in 762 cases. The detection rate was 8.45%. CA16 infection was most commonly in summer. Children under 5 years old accounted for 94.62% infected. Compared with EV71 infected children, CA16 infected children had shorter fever time, severer oral herpes, ulcer, and rash in hand, foot and hip, lesser nervous system involvement, fewer cases of high lactate dehydrogenase, high C reactive protein, high IgM or IgG, and signiifcant changes in the percentage of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ and CD3-CD19+ (P all?

ObjectiveTo explore the reliability and validity of WHO ICF-Clinical Checklist for patients with spinal cord injuries.MethodsClinical testing, case records and check had been implemented for 50 patients with spinal cord injuries with ICF-Clinical Checklist, ADL and ASIA.Results and ConclusionThere were high test-retest reliability and validity in WHO ICF-Checklist for patients with spinal cord injuries.

目的探讨《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》(ICF)临床检查表(中文版)与美国脊柱损伤协会(ASIA)损伤分级和日常生活活动(ADL)在脊髓损伤患者评定中的相关性。方法采用临床测评方法,运用ICF临床检查表、ADL评定和ASIA损伤分级评定法,对50例脊髓损伤患者进行综合评定。结果受试者ICF得分与ADL总分和ASIA分级分之间呈明显负相关(P<0.05—0.01)。结论ICF临床检查表指标较ADL和ASIA更全面。