Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of acute kidney injury(AKI)after different types of cardiac valve replacement surgery. Methods A single cohort of 1113 patients who received cardiac valve replacement surgery from April 2009 to March 2010 in Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University were prospectively analyzed.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate possible risk factors associated with post-operative AKI.Akl was defined as a relative 50% increase or an absolute increment of 26.4 μmol/L in Scr within 48 hours and/or urine volume <0.5ml·kg-1·h-1 up to 6h.Results Of the 1113 patients, the incidence of AKI was 33.24%.In-hospital mortality of AKI patients was 6.49%,which was 5.373 times higher than that of non-AKI patients(P<0.01).The incidence of AKI in patients who simultaneously received cardiac valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting was 75.00%,which was significantly higher as compared to other types of valve replacement surgery(P<0.01).Unconditional multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that male,old age,long extracorpeal circulation (CPB)time(≥120 min)and combined with coronary artery bypass grafting surgery were the independent predictors of AKI episodes,and the corresponding OR values were 1.455,2.110,1.768 and 2.994 respectively. Conclusions AKI is a common and serious complication after cardiac valve replacement surgery.Patients who received combined cardiac surgery as valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting have higher incidence of AKI.Old age,male,long CPB time(≥120 min)and combined with coronary artery bypass grafting surgery are the independent risk factors of post-operative AKI for patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement surgery.

Objective To explore the prognostic value of Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN)criteria combined with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ)and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)scoring system in acute kidney injury(AKI)after cardiac surgery. Methods Clinical data of patients who underwent open-heart surgery in Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University from April 2009 to August 2009 were prospectively collected.AKI after cardiac surgery was classified by AKIN staging system.APACHE Ⅱ and SOFA scores were evaluated according to the worst value of physiologic variables in the 1st 24 h after surgery.Discrimination and calibration of these three models were assessed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test.Besides,their effects on inhospital mortality were evaluated by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results Of the 993 admissions,309 patients developed AKI and the incidence was 31.1%.The median time that developed postoperative AKI and reached the Scr peak were 1 d and 2 d respectively.Either APACHE Ⅱ or SOFA scores,which was positively correlted with the severity of AKI(APACHEⅡr=0.37,P<0.01;SOFA r=0.42,P<0.01)was higher in AKI patients compared with that in nonAKI patients(P<0.01).The mortality rose corresponding to the severity of kidney injury.However,the predicted death rate-adjusted(PDR-A)calculated by APACHE Ⅱ scoreS Was higher than the actual value in non-AKI patients and AKIN stage 1(P<0.01),while it was lower in AKIN stage 3 (P<0.01).The areas under the ROC curve of APACHEⅡ,SOFA and AKIN criteria were all above 0.8 and the results of Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test indicated good calibration of three models.Multivariate analysis showed that APACHE Ⅱ≥19(OR=4.26)and AKIN stage 3(OR=76.151 were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Conclusions AKI can be classified by AKIN criteria in the early stage after cardiac surgery and the AKIN staging system may serve the prediction of prognosis.The APACHE Ⅱ and SOFA scores just evaluated in the 1st 24 h after operation can discern the severity of patients'illness.Three models all present good discrimination and calibration in predicting patients'outcome.APACHE Ⅱ≥19 along with AKIN stage 3 are found to be the independent predictors of in-hospital mortality.It should be noticed that the deviation between PDR-A and the actual mortality in subgroups,dynamic evaluation may raise the accuracy of scoring system.

Objective To identify the prevalence and etiology of kidney disease and the related risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients in rural Shanghai.Methods A cross-sectional study in type 2 diabetic patients was conducted in a community of Shanghai.Questionnaire,clinical examination and laboratory tests were completed to collect the information about sociodemographic and healthcare characteristics.Results A total of 1421 eligible patients with complete information were screened from 1487 type 2 diabetic patients between November 2008 and March 2009.Of them,40.75％ were men,59.25％ were women,aged 37-86 (61.33 ± 9.65 ) years old,with diabetic duration of 0.25-43.92 (7.85 ± 6.34) years.Among them,43.42％ had diabetic retinopathy,21.18％ had neuropathy; 69.95％ met the screening definition for hypertension,76.07％ for hyperlipidemia,15.55％ for hyperuricemia and 23.65％ for cardiovascular disease.The control rates of fasting blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,blood pressure and serum cholesterol were 57.71％,33.99％,14.22％ and 2.46％,respectively.The prevalence of kidney disease,diabetic nephropathy and non-diabetic renal disease was 41.31％,18.51％ and 13.44％,respectively; and 9.36％ were diagnosed as renal insufficiency of unknown reasons.Age,diabetic duration,hyperuricemia,diabetic retinopathy and poor control of blood pressure were independently associated with kidney disease;age and poor control of blood pressure were independently associated with diabetic nephropathy; age and hyperuricemia were independent risk factors of renal insufficiency in patients with diabetic nephropathy.Conclusions Although the diabetic duration of these subjects is relatively short,the prevalence of complications including diabetic nephropathy is high.The high prevalence of non-diabetic renal disease shows the importance of further screening and diagnoses for prevention.Strict control of blood glucose,blood pressure,serum cholesterol and serum uric acid are key points of cutting down the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy and chronic kidney disease.

Objective:To investigate the role and probable mechanism of moderate activation of hypoxia‐inducible factor(HIF) in slowing chronic kidney disease progression of remnant kidney .Methods :Rat models of remnant kidney were established by 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy in male Sprague‐Dawley rats . And then they were randomly allocated to L‐mimosine (L‐Mim ) treatment group ,in which the rats were treated with intraperitoneal injections of L‐Mim during 5‐12 week after operation ,and untreated remnant kidney group .Meanwhile ,sham operated rats were set as control group .All rats were sacrificed at the end of week 12 ,and the specimens were collected .Results:The serum creatinine level in L‐Mim treatment group was lower than that in untreated remnant kidney group(82 .4 ± 6 .3 vs .130 .1 ± 24 .1 μmol/L ,P<0 .05) ,as well as the 24 h Ualb level (0 .7 ± 0 .1 vs .1 .7 ± 0 .5 g/d , P< 0 .05) .And the pathological changes in in L‐Mim treatment group was slightly improved while compared to untreated remnant kidney group .The result of miRNA microarray analysis showed that miR‐29c in renal cortex was up‐regulated in L‐Mim group compared with untreated remnant group and meanwhile the expressions of HIF‐1αand HIF‐2αincreased .Tropomyosin 1 (TPM1) met the sequence criteria for microRNA‐target interaction ,which was later confirmed by luciferase reporter system and mutation test in vitro .HK2 cell transfected with pre‐miT‐29c oligonucleotide could inhibit the tropomyosin up‐regulation induced by TGF‐β1 treatment (3 ng/mL ,24 h) , P<0 .05 or 0 .01 .Conclusions :Renal interstitial fibrosis in rat remnant kidney was significant ,and it was accompanied by the miR‐29c down‐regulation .Moderate activation of HIF level may attenuate the deterioration of renal function by up‐regulating miR‐29c expression .

Pulmonary mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma(MSCGP)is a subtype of pulmonary papil-loma,which can be classified as central type and peripheral type based on its site of development.The central type is the most common.The clinical manifestations of pulmonary MSCGP are mainly related to the location of the tumor.Surgery is the main treatment for this disease.Bronchoscopic interventional treatment for the MSCGP in the central trachea could receive satis-factory effect.We reported a patient suffered from diffuse tracheal MSCGP who was treated by bronchoscopic interventional treatment in Respiratory Disease Center,Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,aiming to enhance the recognition of the clinical features and provide clinical references for the diagnosis and treatment of such disease.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of human rhinovirus (HRV) infection in hospitalized patients in emergency department. Methods: A total of 94 emergency patients admitted to the emergency department from November to December of 2018 were enrolled in this study. The rhinovirus infection and related risk factors were analyzed. Results: HRV infection occurred in 17 out of 94 hospitalized patients in emergency department, the infection rate was 18.09%; Multiple HRV serotypes were prevalent from November to December of 2018, which were A9, A10, A16, A31, A73, B42 and C3. Elderly patients are at high risk of rhinovirus infection; Rhinovirus infection may increase the course of inpatients. Conclusions From November to December of 2018, multiple serotypes of HRV infections in the emergency department of Bengbu, Anhui, and HRV easily infected elderly inpatients.