Objective To investigate the efficacy of conventional laparoscopy and mini-laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of endometriosis(EM). Methods From September 2015 to November 2016, 35 cases of endometriosis were treated with mini-laparoscopic surgery(mini group,15 cases)or conventional laparoscopic surgery(conventional group,20 cases)in Beijing Huafu Women&Children's Hospital.The peri-operative parameters,incidence of complications, and symptom relief rate were observed in both groups. Results The operation time was(68.2 ±2.1)min in the mini group,which was significantly shorter than that in the conventional group[(78.4 ±2.3)min,t=13.468,P=0.000].The intraoperative blood loss was significantly less in the mini group (12.1 ±6.7)ml than that in the conventional group[(21.4 ±7.8)ml, t=-3.703, P =0.000].The recovery time of gastrointestinal function was significantly lower in the mini group(21.5 ±7.6)h than that in the conventional group[(28.6 ± 7.4)h,t=-2.777, P=0.009].The hospital stay was significantly shorter in the mini group(2.7 ±1.1)d than that in the conventional group[(3.7 ±1.1)d,t=-2.662,P=0.012].The incidence of postoperative complications was 6.7%(1/15)in the mini group,which was significantly lower than that in the conventional group[40.0%(8/20), Fisher exact test, P =0.048]. Postoperative pathology:the mini group had 6 cases of deep infiltration type EM, 9 cases of pelvic EM, and 7 cases of ovarian chocolate cysts; the traditional group had 13 cases of deep infiltration type EM, 7 cases of pelvic EM, and 10 cases of ovarian chocolate cysts.The follow-up time was 3-9 months,including 15 cases in the mini group for(6.2 ±2.8)months and 20 cases in the conventional group for(6.8 ±2.6)months.There was no significant difference between the two groups in symptom relief rate[93.3%(14/15)vs.85.0%(17/20)]and the recurrence rate[20.0%(3/15)vs.20.0%(4/20), Fisher exact test, P=0.619 and 1.000]. Conclusion Mini-laparoscopic surgery for EM has advantages of small incision, shorter hospital stay, and less postoperative complications,being worthy of clinical promotion.