Objective To compare the clinical effects and safety of olanzapine and aripiprazole in the treatment of schizophrenia .Methods From February 2015 to February 2017 ,100 patients with schizophrenia were chosen in the Third People's Hospital of Yuyao .The patients were randomly divided into A group ( treated with olanzapine ) and B group ( treated with aripiprazole ) , with 50 patients in each group .The clinical efficacy , PANSS score,blood lipid levels and blood glucose level before and after treatment ,and the incidence of adverse effects of the two groups were compared.Results The total effective rates of A group and B group were 86.00％,90.00％, respectively,there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (χ2 =1.36,P>0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the PANSS scores after treatment between the two groups ( t=3.17,2.96, 4.21,2.75,3.56,4.01,4.55,4.49,4.71,5.07,4.26,4.92,all P>0.05).After treatment,the levels of FBG,TC and TG of A group were statistically significantly higher than those before treatment (t=3.04,2.68,4.01,P<0.05). The levels of FBG,TC and TG after treatment of B group were significantly lower than those of A group (t=4.81, 3.35,4.14,all P<0.05).The incidence rates of lethargy ,dizziness,insomnia,nausea,vomiting and constipation of A group were 28.00％,38.00％,8.00％,6.00％,36.00％,respectively,which of B group were 2.00％,10.00％, 12.00％,8.00％,10.00％,respectively,and the incidence rates of lethargy ,dizziness and constipation of B group were significantly lower than those of A group (χ2 =9.32,8.77,10.24,all P<0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rates of insomnia ,nausea and vomiting between the two groups (χ2 =2.16, 1.12,all P>0.05).Conclusion Olanzapine and aripiprazole in the treatment of schizophrenia possess the same clinical effects and safety;but aripiprazole can efficiently relieve the influence of blood lipid metabolism and reduce the risk of adverse drug reactions .