Astragalus mongholicus with red or green stalks and A.mcmbramaceus with or witho ut down on it leaves were differentiated by comparing their pollen, vein on their leaf surf ace, scanning their stigma and ovary with election microscope and analyzing their isoenzy mes aud lipases

Forty nine patients with vesicovaginal fistula underwent transvaginal repair by the use of Foley catheter in our hospital.The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.The success rate of primary operation was 98% (2/49), the mean operation time was (85±8)min, the mean postoperative hospital stay was( 13±2) d, the rate of postoperative urine leakage was 2%(1/49), the mean bladder capacity was (378±53)ml.Transvaginal repair of vesicovaginal fistula by the use of Foley catheter is an effective surgical modality with satisfactory results.

Objective To observe the effect of paeoniflorin on insulin resistance in rats fed with high-fat diet and to investigate the possible mechanisms.Methods Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into 4 groups:normal control,high-fat diet,high-dosage paeoniflorin (HDP group),and lowdosage paeoniflorin (LDP group).The control group was fed with ordinary diet,while the others with highfat diet,paeoniflorin intervention groups were given low-or high-dosage paeoniflorin by intraperitoneal injection.After 6 weeks,fasting serum triacylglycerol (TG),total cholesterol (TC),free fatty acids (FFA),fasting blood glucose (FBG),and insulin were determined.Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were calculated and then the animals were sacrificed to acquire epididymal fat mass.The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) expressions in adipose tissue were detected by quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Results Compared with high-fat fed group,HDP group had lower epididymal fat pad weight,reduced level of FBG,insulin and FFA (P ＜0.05) and improved ISI(-5.84 ± 0.24 vs-6.44 ± 0.25,P ＜ 0.05).LDP group had similar trends.In adipose tissue,the TNFα expression in LDP and HDP group was lower,Glut4 expression in HDP group was higher than that of high-fat fed group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Paeoniflorin can reduce visceral adipose content,inhibit TNFα expression and increase Glut4 expression in adipose tissue,eventually lower glucose,and improve insulin resistance caused by high-fat diet.

Rat hepatic oval cell model was induced by hyperglycemia and streptozotocin in vivo. Expression of insulin and mRNA expression of pancreatic transcription factors(Nkx6.1, PDX-1) were carried out. It showed that under high glucose, liver tissues were positive for insulin staining, the expression of Nkx6.1 and Pdx-1mRNA was significantly enhanced, and insulin-1mRNA was found to be expressed. The result suggests that under high glucose, hepatic oval cells can differentiate into insulin-producing cells.

Mitochondria, the power house of cells, are important organelles in eukaryotic cells. Having their own unique and complete DNA (mtDNA) and genetic system, mitochondria play an essential role in cellular energy metabolism, intracel?lular signaling and apoptotic pathways, as well as many other biological functions, which are closely related with cellular met?abolic network. A disruption of mitochondrial genes can therefore result in mitochondrial dysfunction and human diseases, thus they have been widely used in molecular biology, development biology, genetics, forensic identification and clinical diag?nosis. Consequently, sequencing mitochondrial genome has shown great significance in mitochondrial structure and function research. In this review, research progress in mitochondrial genome sequencing method is summarized, mainly focusing on Sanger sequencing, long-PCR and next-generation sequencing. Also rolling circle amplification and indirect sequencing of mtDNA are reviewed. The ambiguities caused by numts in indirect sequencing are mentioned and resolved.

Objective To investigate the companion care needs of inpatients at four tertiary hospitals in Wuhan,for providing targeted quality of care.Methods A questionnaire was customized according to Maslow＇s theory to survey 526 inpatients at four tertiary hospitals in Wuhan.Resnlts The companion care needs of inpatients were found high.Fore example,the esteem needs were the highest(2.41±0.39)yet with the lowest extent of satisfaction(2.59±0.43),followed by love and belonging needs(2.35±0.40)and safety needs(2.34±0.35)respectively.The physiological needs were the lowest(2.08±0.32)yet with the highest extent of satisfaction(2.63±0.44).Conclusion Nursing staff should change their mindset to respect patients' esteem needs,improve their nursing skills and service for safer care.Multimodel companion care needs should also be provided to meet patients' diversified needs.

ObjectiveTo investigate the changes and functions of T lymphocyte subsets,immune globulin and complement in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP) on different disease stages.MethodsThe levels of T Iymphocyte subsets of CD3,CD4,CD8 and immunoglobulin ( IgG,IgA IgM),and complement ( C3,C4 ) in the peripheral blood were detected on acute and recovery stages in 28 children with MPP by flow cytometry and immune nephelometry.Twenty-five healthy children were recruited as control group.ResultsAmong these subjects of MPP children on acute stage,the levels of CD3,CD4,CD8,and CD4/CD8 in the peripheral blood were (58.71 ± 11.63)％,(32.36 ± 8.06)％,(28.19±6.23 ) ％ and 1.15 ± 0.41 respectively,and on recovery stage,the levels of CD3,CD4,CD8,and CD4/CD8 were (61.29 ±10.17)％,(34.14 ±7.22)％,(26.47 ±6.01)％,and 1.29 ±0.37 respectively.Both on acute stage and on recovery stage of MPP children,the levels of CD4,CD4/CD8 were significantly lower than those in control group [ (39.53 ± 6.16 ) ％,1.83 ± 0.49 ],and CD8 was significantly higher compared to thecontrol group( 1.83 ± 0.49 ),P＜0.01.CD3 were lower than that in control group [ (63.03 ± 12.32) ％ ] on acute stage (P＜0.01 ),and no significant difference on recovery stage (P＞0.05).During the acute stage of MPP,IgG [ ( 14.50 ±3.86) g/L] and IgM [ ( 1.67 ±0.56) g/L] were obviously higher than those in control group [ (7.92 ± 2.62 ) g/L,( 1.06 ± 0.32 ) g/L,P＜0.01 ],and C3 [ ( 0.83 ± 0.42 ) g/L ] were obviously lower compared to the control group [ ( 1.37 ± 0.33 ) g/L,P＜0.05].There were no significant differences of IgA and C4 between MPP and control groups ( P＞0.05 ).ConclusionChildren with MPP had celhilar immune and humoral immune disorders.Through the detection of T lymphocyte subsets,immunoglobulin and complement,it will be helpful to judge the effectiveness of clinical treatment,which provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of immune regulators.

Objective:Our purpose was to investigate the function of angiotensis converting enzyme(ACE) in the occurrence and development of pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH). Methods:The study group included 30 pregnant women diagnosed with PIH( 10 mild, 10 moderate, 10 severe). Thirty healthy pregnant women were selected as the control group. The serum was assayed for the activity of ACE by using color comparison method, hippuric acid used as the substrate. Results:The activity of ACE of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Significantly positive correlationships existed between mean blood pressure, degree of adema, level of urine protein,and uric acid. Conclusion:The elevation of serum activity of ACE is related to the occurrence and development of PIH.

BACKGROUND: At present, the researches on steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head are mostly concentrated on the treatment of formed necrosis. And there are fewer reports on how to prevent the ostoenecrosis of the femoral head in the course of steroid therapy.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of preventive medication on femoral head structure and blood flow in steroid-induced osteonecrosis.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Shaoguan University; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Province Yuebei People's Hospital.MATERIALS: Thirty adult New Zealand rabbits of either sex, whose body mass was (2.5±0.5) kg.METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Central Laboratory,Medical College of Shaoguan University, the Department of Electron Microscope, the Northern Campus of Guangzhou, Sun Yat-sen University, and the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Province Yuebei People's Hospital from April to July 2005. ①Thirty rabbits were divided randomly into 3 groups with 10 rabbits in each group: control group with intramuscular injection of 1 mL/kg normal saline twice a week and meanwhile, intragastric administration of normal saline(10 mL/d), steroid group with intramuscular injection of dexamethasone sodium phosphate(1 mL/kg) twice a week and meanwhile, intragastric administration of normal saline(10 mL/d),treatment group with intramuscular injection of dexamethasone sodium phosphate(1 mL/kg) twice a week and meanwhile, intragastric administration ofXuesaitong(25 mg/kg), Zhibituo(350 mg/kg) and alendronate(5 mg/kg)daily for 8 weeks. ②After 1 week of drug withdrawal, the blood flow of femoral head was measured in all the rabbits with radioactive microsphere technique, and the histological changes were observed under light microscope and electron microscope.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Blood flow of the femoral head in each group.②Histological and morphological changes, and ultrastructure of the femoral head cartilage in each group.RESULTS: ①The blood flow in the treatment group was more than that in the steroid group[(0.261±0.042), (0.197±0.053) mL/(min·g), q=6.10,P ＜ 0.01]. Compared with the control group[(0.243±0.039) mL/(min ·g)],the difference was not significant. ②The number of empty bone lacunae in the treatment group was fewer significantly than that in the steroid group [(15.22±5.49), (24.78±7.87) pieces, q=6.35, P ＜ 0.01]. However, there was no difference between the treatment group and control gruop [(10.38±3.78)pieces].③In the treatment group, the bone cells were normal, the endoplasmic reticula were abundant and the cellular nuclei were of normal shape.In the steroid group, the bone cells contracted in volume, the pyknosis occurred, the chromatin gathered to the edge and the bone lacuna enlarged.CONCLUSION: While using steroid hormone for long, using Xuesaitong,Zhibituo and alendronate may elevate the blood flow of femoral head, improve the tissue structure of bone and prevent or lighten steroid-induced necrosis of femoral head.

Objective To evaluate the effects of metformin on thyrotropin(TSH)levels. Methods From the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome, 48 patients with primary hypothyroidism were enrolled and grouped. 17 patients were treated only with metformin(group A), 19 patients with metformin and stable L-T4substitution(group B), and the remaining 12 patients with antidiabetic drugs(other than metformin)and L-T4(group C). Meanwhile, 20 euthyroid patients with other thyroid abnormalities(group D)and 30 patients without thyroid diseases(group E)served as control. TSH, FT3, FT4, TT3, TT4, and blood glucose were determined regularly in all these subjects. Results After administration of metformin for 12 months, serum TSH were decreased in group A [(5.05±1.07 vs 2.61±0.91)mU/L, P＜0.01] and group B [(2.67±1.03 vs 1.35±0.74)mU/L, P＜0.01]. No difference was found in FT3and FT4in both groups. TSH levels were raised from(1.30±0.71)to(2.58±1.02)mU/L(P＜0.01)within 8～12 weeks in 13 out of 15 patients after metformin withdrawal. Serum TSH and thyroid hormones in the other 3 groups were not significantly changed. Conclusion Administration of metformin may lead to reduction of serum TSH level.