Objectives To analyze the clinical features and outcome of typhoid fever complicated with hemophagocytic syndrome (Ty-AHS) in children.Methods The clinical data from one case of Ty-AHS was retrospectively analyzed, and related articles were reviewed.Results A 4-year-old boy suffered from persistent diarrhea, alternating high and low temperature, apathia, hepatosplenomegaly, manifestation of acute peritonitis, and pyoperitoneum. Routine blood examination showed that eosinophil was 0, and hemoglobin and platelet were obviously decreased; CRP and procalcitonin were obviously increased;plasma ifbrinogen was dropped to 0.8 g/L; lactate dehydrogenase was elevated to 3835 U/L; Serum ferritin was 1884 ng/mL;triglyceride was 2.42 mmol/L; EBV-DNA titer was 2.81×104 copies/mL; Blood culture showed salmonella enterica serotype IIIb. Abdominal ultrasonography showed enlargement of mesenteric lymph node and middle volume of pyoperitoneum. Chest X-ray showed pneumonia. Lymphocyte analysis showed that the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ was decreased; CD3-CD16+56+ cell and CD19+ cell were all decreased. Bone marrow cytomorphologic examination revealed that bone marrow hyperplasia was active, there were no obvious abnormalities in granulocyte, macrophage and macrophage and there were a lot of tissue cells and white blood cells. After two weeks of strengthened anti-infection and dexamethasone treatment, the symptoms in patients were disappeared, and signs and laboratory tests gradually returned to normal.Conclusions Ty-AHS is a rare complication in children with acute onset and rapid progression, and combination of antibiotics and hormone therapy is effective.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs.Methods Twenty-four adult male guinea pigs,aged 3 months,weighing 400-500 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:dexmedetomdine group (group D),noise-induced hearing loss group (group N) and dexmedetomidine + noise-induced hearing loss group (group DN).A loading dose of dexmedetomidine 5 μg/kg was infused over 5 min,followed by 135 min of infusion at a rate of 10 μg· kg-1 · h-1.The equal volume of normal saline was infused in group N.Groups N and DN were exposed to noise of 4 kHz center frequency and 118-122 dB SPL for 120 min starting from 20 min of administration.Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cochlear blood flow (COBF) were recorded before administration and every 5 min during drug administration.The changing rate of COBF was calculated.Arterial blood samples were collected for determination of plasma concentration of noradrenaline (NE) by high performance liquid chromatography at 20 and 140 min of administration.Auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold was recorded before administration and at 1 and 72 h and 10 days after the end of administration.Results Compared with group N,MAP was significantly decreased,the changing rate of COBF was increased at 5-10 min and 30-140 min of administration,ABR threshold was decreased at 1 and 72 h and 10 days after the end of administration,and the plasma concentration of NE was decreased at 140 min of administration in D + N group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can attenuate noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs possibly through inhibiting activation of sympathetic nerves and increasing COBF.

AIM: To explore the effect of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) apoptosis on the reversal of hypoxic pulmonary arterial remodeling during reoxygenation and its possible mechanism.METHODS: Male SD rats (n=24) were randomly divided into normoxia for 4 weeks group, hypoxia for 4 weeks group, reoxygenation for 1 week after hypoxia for 4 weeks group and reoxygenation for 6 weeks after hypoxia for 4 weeks group.Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular hypertrophy index, pulmonary arterial medial thickness (MT) and medial area (MA) as well as autophagy and apoptosis in the pulmonary arterial medial layer were examined during hypoxia-reoxygenation.The rat primary PASMCs were divided into normoxia for 48 h group, hypoxia for 48 h group, reoxygenation for 24 h after hypoxia for 48 h group and normoxia for 72 h group to explore the changes of PASMC autophagy and apoptosis following hypoxia-reoxygenation.Finally, primary PASMCs were divided into normoxia for 72 h group, reoxygenation for 24 h after hypoxia for 48 h group and reoxygenation for 24 h after hypoxia for 48 h + chloroquine (inhibitor of autophagy) group to investigate the effect of PASMC autophagy during hypoxia on the apoptosis during reoxygenation.RESULTS: After hypoxia for 4 weeks, the RVSP, during right ventricular hypertrophy index, MT and MA increased significantly compared with normoxia group (P<0.05), and gradually decreased during reoxygenation.The expression of LC3 in the pulmonary arterial medial layer increased evidently after hypoxia and gradually reversed during reoxygenation.Moreover, the P62 and cleaved caspase-3 expression decreased after hypoxia compared with normoxia group, and increased markedly following reoxyge-nation.The expression of cleaved caspase-3/PARP in rat primary PASMCs decreased significantly under hypoxia (P<0.05), and increased evidently during reoxygenation.The expression of P62 and LC3-II decreased markedly under hypoxia (P<0.05).After inhibition of PASMC autophagy under hypoxia, the expression of cleaved caspase-3/PARP decreased remarkably during reoxygenation (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The PASMC apoptosis participates in the reversal of hypoxic pulmonary arterial remodeling, and the PASMC autophagy under hypoxia might facilitate its apoptosis during reoxygenation.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the toxicity effect of Jianpi shengxue granule on perinatal rats. METHODS:Based on body mass,pregnant rats were randomly divided into negative control group and Jianpi shengxue granule low-dose,medium-dose, high-dose groups(0.77,2.31,6.93 g/kg),21 in each group,and intragastrically given relevant medicines from the 15th d of preg-nancy until 21st d after delivery,once a day. Effects of Jianpi shengxue granule on general toxicity and fertility of maternal rats were observed,as well as the effects on athletic ability,learning and memory ability,fertility of F1 offspring and early viability of F2 offspring. RESULTS:In terms of toxicity effect on maternal rats,compared with control group,the days of pregnancy in Jianpi shengxue granule high-dose group was significantly prolonged(P<0.05),initial body mass of administration was significantly re-duced (P<0.01). In terms of toxicity effect on offspring,compared with negative control group,the initial body mass of F1 off-spring in Jianpi shengxue granule high-dose group was significantly reduced(P<0.05),the time of 4th and 5th time for founding underwater platform was significantly shortened(P<0.01),and there was no obvious effect on fertility of F1 offspring and early vi-ability of F2 offspring (P>0.05);there was no obvious effect on the indexes of offspring in Jianpi shengxue granule medium-dose,low-dose groups. CONCLUSIONS:The no toxic dose of Jianpi shengxue granule in maternal and offspring rats is 2.31 g/kg.

Objective To summarize the imaging features of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) in primary pulmonary lymphoma (PPL),in order to provide effective imaging diagnostic basis for clinical diagnosis.Methods The MSCT findings of 11 patients with PPL in Dalian Municipal Friendship Hospital from January 2010 to March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among the 11 patients,pulmonary non-Hodgkin lymphoma was in 9 cases,of which pulmonary mucosa-associated lowgrade marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MALT lymphoma) was in 7 cases,pulmonary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was in 2 cases,and pulmonary Hodgkin lymphoma was in 2 cases.Single lesion was in 2 cases,and multiple lesions was in 9 cases.Nodules and mass type was in 6 cases,solid type in 2 cases,interstitial type in 1 case,and mixed type was in 2 cases.Consolidations with air bronchogram was in 6 cases,ground-glass opacity like nodules in 3 cases,angiogramsign in 4 cases,perilymphatic and/or peribronchovascular spread in 4 cases,and lymphadenopathies were in 2 cases.Conclusions Although the imaging diagnosis of primary lung lymphoma is difficult,MSCT has certain characteristics,and improving the identification of corresponding signs has certain guiding significance for clinical practice.

Visual impairment is one of the most common non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Retinal changes may be the structural basis of visual impairment. This article reviews the visual impairment and retina morphology of PD patients, functional examination and possible mechanism to provide ideas for the study of mechanism of visual impairment in patients with PD.

Objective To Construct a research instrument index system for incontinence-associated dermatitis ( IAD) in order to provide a available tool reflecting the development, occurrence and preventive status of IAD accurately. Methods By establishing the primary version of IAD research instrument index system based on literature review and data integration, three rounds of survey were conducted in 26 wound ostomal continence specialists from 18 cities of 11 provinces using the Delphi method, then the status research instrument of IAD was bulit according to the amendments from experts. The content validity of the study was examined by analyzing the experts′ positive coefficient, the authority and coordination degree ( by veriation coeficient of each indicators ) . Results The research instrument confirmed by 3 rounds of expert consultation comprises 4 first-class indicators and 21 second-class indicators. Positive coefficient of 3 rounds of expert consultation were all 100%, while the authority of experts was 0. 84 and the variation coefficient of each index of 3 rounds expert consultation were 0. 11-0. 54, 0. 08-0. 32 and 0. 06-0. 23 respectively. Conclusions The IAD research instrument index system in the current study has good content validity, which can be applied in researhing the development and preventive status of incontinence-associated dermatitis.

PURPOSE: The cancer survival was characterized by following up sampled subgroups of cancer cases from three population-based cancer registries in Northeast China. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Survival analysis was used to analyze 6,871 patients, who had one of the 21 most common cancers based on sampling from the population-based cancer registries of three cities in Liaoning Province. All patients were diagnosed between 2000 and 2002 and were followed up to the end of 2007 by active and passive methods. The 5-year age standardized relative survival rates (ASRS) were estimated for all cancers combined and each of the 21 individual cancers. RESULTS: The survival status was traced for 80.8% of 8,506 sampled cancer cases. The 5-year ASRS for all 21 cancers combined was 41.5% (95% confidence interval, 40.3 to 42.7), the highest ASRS was observed for thyroid cancer (85.2%), breast cancer (78.9%), uterine corpus cancer (75.9%), and urinary bladder cancer (70.2%); the lowest 5-year ASRS was noted in pancreatic cancer (8.8%), liver cancer (11.0%), esophageal cancer (18.8), and lung cancer (19.6%). The cancer survival rates in Liaoning cities were similar to those of urban areas in mainland China, but significantly lower than those in Hong Kong, Korea, and Japan. CONCLUSION: The strikingly poor cancer survival rates in three cities of Liaoning Province and in other places in China highlight the need for urgent investment in cancer prevention, early detection, and standardized and centralized treatment.
Breast Neoplasms ; China* ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; Hong Kong ; Humans ; Investments ; Japan ; Korea ; Liver Neoplasms ; Lung Neoplasms ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Registries* ; Survival Rate ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Objective To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of one booster dose of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in young adults.Methods The subjects were selected from participants in the clinical trial of immunogenicity of inactivated and attenuated live hepatitis A vaccine in young adults.Eligible subjects were those who had received one dose of inactivated or attenuated hepatitis A vaccine,could be contacted and were sero-negative before primary vaccination.All qualified subjects were immunized with one booster dose of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine.The blood samples were collected before booster dose vaccination and 28 days after the immunization.Anti-HAV antibody titer ≥20 mIU/ml was considered to be sero-protected against hepatitis A virus.Results The GMCs in the inactivated HAV vaccine group and attenuated live vaccine group before booster dose vaccination were 70.80 mIU/ml and 50.12 mIU/ml,respectively,and the sero-protection rates were 94.7％ and 65.0％,respectively.After the vaccination of the booster dose,the sero-protection rates in both groups were 100.0％,and the GMCs were 2 816.09 mIU/ml and 2 654.55 mIU/ml,respectively.Conclusion The GMCs and sero-protection rates of anti-HAV antibody in young adults declined after three years of the primary vaccination.However,the higher GMC and sero-protection rate were observed in the inactivated vaccine group than in the attenuated live vaccine group.Significant increases of GMC levels were observed in both groups after one booster dose vaccination.

Objective To explore clinical efficacy of CO2 laser,low-temperature plasma and electrotome on treatment of epiglottis cyst.Methods A total of 60 cases with epiglottis cyst treated in our department were randomly assigned into CO2 laser group,low-temperature plasma group,and electrotome group,with 20 cases in each group.Postoperative pain,recovery rate,recurrence rate,complication,and intraoperative bleeding were compared in three groups.Results The pain severity was the highest in the electrotome group,followed by the CO2 laser group,and low-temperature plasma group was the lowest.Recovery rate in CO2 laser group was approaching to the low-temperature plasma group,but the electrotome group was slower than above two groups.The blood loss was less in CO2 laser group and low-temperature plasma group,and more in electrotome group.No recurrence was found in CO2 laser group and low-temperature plasma group after 6 months to 3 years of followup,but there was one case with less amount of blooding,and one case complicated with epiglottis defect in the electrotome group.Conclusion The three surgical ways are the major methods for treatment of epiglottis cyst,and have better curative efficacy.Compared with electrotome,CO2 laser under micro-laryngoscope and low-temperature plasma have more advantages.